MOTION COMPENSATION FOR HIGH RESOLUTION AIRBORNE SAR WITH IMU & GPS

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一种常规机动下机载SINS/GPS组合导航系统的可观测性分析

为保证机载捷联惯组的导航精度能够达到要求,需要对惯组定期进行返厂标定,成本高、周期长,也影响载机的使用效率,故而机载惯组在线标校技术的研究一直在不断进行中。对大中型运输机的机载惯组而言,由于其机体较大、机动能力较差,很难完成诸如S机动等复杂的机动动作,故而需要对其常规飞行机动状态下机载SINS/GPS组合导航系统的可观测性进行分析。利用GPS提供的速度和位置信息作为外部观测量来设计Kalman滤波器,采用基于分段线性定常系统(PWCS)的奇异值分解法(SVD),对飞机静止、起降、匀速飞行、匀加减速飞行、转弯等一系列常规机动条件下系统的可观测性和可观测度进行研究。通过Matlab仿真和转台实验,验证了组合导航系统可观测性分析结论的有效性,可为机载惯组的在线标校提供一定参考。     

高分影像辅助下的航空高光谱严密几何检校方法

 惯性测量单元(IMU)与传感器视准轴的偏心角和偏心矢量是造成航空线阵列高光谱数据几何校正误差的主要原因之一。在分析偏心角与偏心矢量误差来源之后提出该误差由IMU主轴与传感器主轴的角度偏差、测区固定偏差、GPS中心与传感器投影中心相对偏差组成,在此基础上建立了较为严密的检校模型。针对模型解算时需要大量高精度控制点的问题,提出了一种高分影像辅助下的亚像元精度控制点自动提取方法。通过多地区、多传感器高光谱航测实验表明,亚像元精度控制点能有效提高模型解算精度。新检校模型可获得亚像元校正精度,推扫式传感器——应用型机载成像光谱仪(AISA)建模中误差约为0.39个像元,摆扫式传感器——实用型模块化成像光谱仪(OMIS)建模中误差约为0.23个像元,校正后的影像可直接进行拼接。     

无人机下滑着陆DGPS/INS导航及引导系统的仿真与试验研究

介绍了一种采用输出校正方式DGPS/INS组合导航系统引导无人机下滑着陆的方案。给出了该方案的数学模型,对组合导航系统进行了数字仿真,并在数字仿真的基础上进行了动态跑车试验,验证了所设计的输出校正方式DGPS/INS组合导航系统能够满足引导无人机自动下滑着陆的精度要求。     

用于SAR运动补偿的DGPS/SINS组合系统研究

使用考虑位置误差相关项的伪距率观测模型 ,研究了用于合成孔径雷达运动补偿的差分 GPS/ SINS伪距率组合系统。结果表明 ,组合系统的长期位置精度能达到 1 m左右。 GPS数据更新率低于 INS,在 GPS测量时间间隔内 ,组合系统的性能仅由 INS决定。虽然 INS误差随时间积累 ,在 GPS数据更新率为 1 s的情况下 ,即使采用中等精度的惯性仪表 ,其相对位置精度为厘米级 (这里相对位置精度指组合系统在 GPS测量时间间隔内位置误差的变化范围)。     

基于模型的复杂系统安全性和可靠性分析技术发展综述

复杂系统的安全性、可靠性分析一直是装备通用质量特性领域关注的热点问题。随着航空机载系统向综合化、集成化、智能化方向发展，系统的功能逻辑、架构设计以及容错设计越来越复杂，以人工演绎推理为主的传统安全性、可靠性分析手段已经越来越不能满足要求，模型驱动的分析方法正在成为复杂系统安全性、可靠性设计所依赖的重要技术手段。特别是近几年，基于模型的系统工程技术发展迅猛，并在国内外航空企业中得到了广泛的应用和认可，这为基于模型的系统安全性、可靠性设计技术的进一步发展提供了有利条件。本文主要对国内外基于模型的复杂系统安全性、可靠性分析技术的研究进展进行了介绍，并对该项技术未来的发展方向和趋势进行了分析，为装备开展系统安全性、可靠性分析工作提供借鉴。     

某型军机军械火控系统自动测试仪的设计与研究

传统的机载火控系统性能测试技术含量低,不能满足现代战争的需要.为提高部队的快速反应能力,研制了一种基于VXI总线技术组建的机载火控系统自动测试,并给出了测试仪的硬件配置和在Lab Windows/CVI环境下的软件模块化设计方案及实现方法.机载火控系统自动测试仪的研制,为部队战时或训练现场实时测试机载火控系统的主要性能提供了方便.     

Strapdown inertial measurement units for motion compensation forsynthetic aperture radars

It is shown that synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) motion can be compensated by using an antenna-mounted strapdown inertial measurement unit (IMU) as the motion sensing system, but sensor and system errors affect SAR image quality. A strapdown IMU consists of three accelerator channels and three gyro channels. Strapdown IMU errors include gyro-scale and accelerometer-scale factor and bias errors, velocity error, platform tilt, and errors induced by limited inertial sensor bandwidth. The effects of these errors on the SAR image quality are presented in terms of the SAR impulse response. IMU errors that cause low-frequency phase errors (less than one cycle per array time) are categorized in terms of quadratic and cubic phase errors. IMU errors that cause high-frequency phase errors (greater than one cycle per array time) are categorized in terms of the integrated sidelobe ratio and peak sidelobe ratio. A motion compensation system conceptualization is described wherein a strapdown IMU is attached to an antenna and transfer-aligns to the aircraft's master navigator     

机载传感器综合设计技术特点及应用

通过阐述机载传感器综合设计技术的应用背景、概念、特点并结合系统设计的应用实例，强调飞机武器火控系统设计中采用传感器综合设计技术的必要性。     

Analysis of airborne GPS multipath effects using high-fidelity EM models

Airborne GPS systems are being upgraded to provide sufficient positioning accuracy to support automatic landing operations in low visibility conditions. This is made possible by differential GPS (DGPS), in which the errors common to the airborne receiver and ground station are removed by knowledge of the latter's precise location. However, errors specific to the airborne system remain, of which the dominant components are receiver noise and multipath. To support the assessment of the integrity of the signal in space, these residual errors are incorporated in a statistically based error model, designated as the "standard model." The standard model is defined as the standard deviation of a Gaussian distribution that overbounds the residual pseudo-range (PR) error. It relates the standard deviation of the overbounding distribution to the elevation angle of the satellite relative to the local level coordinate system. The international community is currently developing improved standards to enable DGPS systems to support landings in the worst visibility conditions (i.e., CAT III). As a part of this development, the standard model for multipath is being re-evaluated and an improved model is sought. In order to better characterize the residual multipath errors, tools for accurate calculation of the airframe scattering effects are needed. Development of such tools is the subject of this paper. A new method for accurately computing pseudo-range error, based on the use of high-fidelity EM models, is described. This approach provides new insight into the mechanisms causing multipath error.     

利用机载GNSS-R的有效波高反演技术

采用自主研发的多源多宿GNSS-R(Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflections,全球导航卫星系统反射信号)海洋环境遥感探测系统,在天津渤海湾特定区域进行了3次机载校飞试验,获得了大量有效GNSS-R信号数据,对自然条件下的海面有效波高进行了反演处理。该系统通过对接收的GNSS直达信号和海面反射信号进行相关运算处理,可以获得DDM(Delay-Doppler Mapping,时延—多普勒映射)图谱,再利用DCF(Derivative of the Correlation Function,相关函数的导数)在DDM图谱基础上进行相关功率波形的计算,进而通过计算DCF的函数波形宽度得到海面有效波高,验证了该方法的可行性。该方法具有全天时、全天候、高分辨率、低成本等优点,对全球范围内中小尺度海洋状态和物理现象的监测具有重要意义。     

无线传感器网络节点的研究与设计

无线传感器网络节点的设计,对于构成一个实际的无线传感器网络应用系统具有重要意义。本文在对ZigBee协议和无线传感器网络体系结构进行论述的基础上,设计了一种基于ZigBee协议和PIC18F4620单片机的无线传感器网络节点。该节点采用了一款符合IEEE802.15.4标准的ZigBee无线网络芯片CC2420,通过PIC18F4620单片机的SPI接口实现单片机和ZigBee芯片的通讯。文中对该节点开发设计过程中的主要问题进行了较详细的论述,对传感器网络设计与应用具有参考价值。     

Aircraft traffic management on the airport surface using VHF datalink for CNS

Aircraft traffic management on the airport surface will require the effective utilization of communications, navigation and surveillance (CNS). This paper describes an experiment which provides a glimpse of future automation. The experiment combines precision surface radar, high-accuracy differential GPS (DGPS) position determination, automatic dependent surveillance (ADS), and ground and airborne automation systems able to intercommunicate via a VHF data link. In particular, this paper describes the air/ground communications provided by the VHF Data Link. Two classes of messages are processed: continual and ad hoc. The former include DGPS corrections, ADS messages and target data. The latter include graphical taxi clearances and hold bar set-reset information. The work described in this paper is the result of a cooperative venture among NASA, Westinghouse-Norden Systems and ARINC     

机载多媒体网络传感器技术研究

为了解决机载设备获取的视频图像不清晰、数据容量小等问题,本文研究了机载多媒体网络传感器的实现技术,给出了机载多媒体现场记录系统的总体技术方案,并讨论了显示器、存储单元及MCU单元选择等问题.网络传感器技术能够提高机载图像和数据获取及记录的能力;机载多媒体现场记录系统是实现机载图像和数据获取的一种高效可行的方法.     

MEMS inertial rate and acceleration sensor

Development of the μSCIRAS^TM (pronounced micro-Cyrus) multisensor for a period of over six years has produced a practical MEMS Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Using only three silicon sensors, a full-up IMU suitable for tactical grade navigation and guidance applications has been achieved. Iterative improvements in silicon sensor design and bulk micromachining processes have matured to the point where an IMU with an attractive price/performance ratio is now producible. This paper summarizes the design features and test results for an IMU with <100 deg/hr performance. Test results are shown for rate bias and acceleration bias over temperature. Production of this initial member of the μSCIRAS product family begins this year to support applications including guided artillery shells, technology insertion to decrease missile costs, navigation of remotely-piloted vehicles, dismounted soldier location devices and other navigation aids. The small size of this silicon multisensor and its ability to measure both angular rotation rate and linear acceleration provides a useful advantage in product packaging, cost, size, and system testing. The μSCIRAS Inertial Sensor Assembly (ISA) is housed in a 2 cubic inch package weighing less than 5 ounces (140 grams) requires less than 0.8 Watts of power. Continuing development will lead to greatly improved performance on the order of 1 deg/hr at low prices in high-volume production     

带FDI算法的无人机组合导航姿态确定控制系统设计

无人机导航系统的作用是提供导航数据给飞控计算机作为制导和控制用,因为飞控计算机的性能在很大程度上依赖于导航数据,导航系统的某一个错误可能会导致整个无人机的失败,因此,导航系统应具有故障检测和隔离(FDI)算法,介绍了一种用于无人机导航的FDI和低成本的组合导航系统,硬件包括低成本商业用MEMSIMU、GPS接收器、磁力计和导航计算机,软件包括带FDI算法的卡尔曼滤波。     

High accuracy navigation and landing system using GPS/IMU systemintegration

In this paper, the accuracy, integrity and continuity of function requirements for automatic landing systems using satellite navigation systems are discussed. Such a landing system is the integrated navigation and landing system (INLS) developed by Deutsche Aerospace (DASA/Ulm, Germany). The system concepts of the INLS are presented. It is shown how an INLS, based on system integration of a satellite navigation system (e.g., GPS) in realtime differential mode with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) in the accuracy class of an attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), can meet the requirements: the results given are mainly devoted to the accuracy issues. Using Kalman filter techniques, an in-flight calibration of the IMU is performed. The advantage of system integration, especially in dynamic flight conditions and during phases of flight with satellite masking, is explained. The accuracy, integrity and continuity of function of the INLS were proven by means of flight tests in a commuter aircraft using a laser tracker as a reference. These flight tests have shown that the short-term accuracy (<60 seconds) of the AHRS used within the INLS has been improved from low cost sensor quality to the accuracy of a high quality laser inertial navigation system (LNIS). With the presented INLS, a landing at any airfield, not equipped with conventional Instrument Landing System (ILS) or Microwave Landing System (MLS), is possible by using a very cost effective system. The INLS is a high accuracy navigation and landing system designed to be used instead of conventional landing systems at small airfields and to fill operational gaps of conventional navigation and landing systems in cruise and approach on large airports     

一种新型模糊自适应Kalman滤波器在组合导航中的应用

针对光纤陀螺捷联惯导(FOG SINS)/GPS组合导航系统实际工作环境中,由于系统噪声与量测噪声模型发生变化而带来的滤波器发散的问题,提出一种新型模糊自适应Kalman滤波器(FSHAKF).通过引入IMU精度因子与GPS水平精度因子,构造模糊推理系统(FIS),实时更新自适应参数,有效地解决了传统Sage-Husa自适应滤波器(SHAKF)估计模型不准确、系统噪声与量测噪声无法同时估计以及滤波器长时间易发散的问题.仿真实验表明,本文提出的FSHAKF算法相较于SHAKF算法,估计精度得到明显提高,且避免了滤波器的发散.     

On the Treatment of Inertial Measurement Unit Data in Optimal Linear Navigation Policies

The inclusion of the integrated nongravitational acceleration outputs from an inertial measurement unit in an optimal linear navigation policy is treated. This formulation appears to be considerably different nt from the treatments of IMU data for space vehicle navigation that have previously been discussed and promises to yield considerably better results in many instances. It has the advantage that the data are processed in an optimal fashion that makes the best use of knowledge of the general system characteristics. Further, the IMU enters the formulation in the same manner as any other sensor and, therefore, provides a more uniform method of treatment. Two methods of dealing ng with the IMU are discussed and then applied to a simple example. The advantages of the second formulation are observed to be quite significant.     

基于AADL的机载设备系统可靠性建模

AADL可以描述机栽设备系统的时序需求、任务状态等关键性能特性,已应用于航空、电子自动化、机器人控制等实时系统。提出基于AADL的机载设备系统可靠性建模方法,为该系统模型结构的设计和验证提供了理论依据。采用EMA子语言对AADL描述的机载设备系统进行可靠性建模,给出可靠性模型中的错误模型、错误传播和状态映射规则等子句属性的用法。最后通过一个基于AADL的机载设备可靠性建模实例,验证了所提建模方法的有效性。