垫块法半模型风洞试验的数值模拟研究

以M6机翼半模型为算例,采用数值方法模拟垫块法风洞试验洞壁边界层及垫块厚度对半模型试验结果的影响.控制方程采用全场三维可压、雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程;计算格式采用Jameson中心有限体积、多步Runge-Kutta时间步长格式进行求解;湍流模型采用Baldwin-Lomax模型.通过本文的研究,可以为跨声速风洞半模型试验垫块厚度的选取提供计算方法和设计依据.     

跨声速风洞机翼半模型试验洞壁边界层影响的数值模拟研究

采用数值模拟方法，模拟垫块法风洞试验二维垫块厚度对半模型试验结果的影响，计算模型采用M6机翼半模型。控制方程采用全场三维可压、雷诺平均的Navier—Stokes方程；采用Jameson中心有限体积、多步Runge—Kutta时间步长格式进行求解；湍流模型采用Baldwin—Lomax模型。通过本文的研究，可以为跨声速风洞半模型试验垫块厚度的选取提供理论计算方法和设计依据。     

一种翼身组合体的气动概念设计

翼身组合体具有较高的升阻比,可进行较大范围的机动,而且还可以提高落点精度、扩大再入走廊、降低热流峰值并降低过载.本文采用模线设计方法设计横截面控制点,借鉴航天飞机气动力工程计算方法发展了一套可以预估翼身组合体飞行器纵横向气动力的工程计算方法.提出并建立了翼身组合体飞行器的优化设计模型并进行了计算,获得了带后掠下反翼的翼身组合体优化方案.对其升阻比特性、质心设计、稳定性问题、滑翔飞行特性及气动热环境进行了预测和讨论.研究表明,带后掠下反翼的翼身组合体方案可以在较小攻角时获得较大升阻比,纵横向稳定且具有较大的滑翔距离和滞空时间,是一种潜在的高超声速机动方案.     

基于Euler方程结合附面层修正方法的应用研究

采用欧拉加附面层修正的方法在结构网格上对民用飞机翼身组合体流场进行了数值模拟研究.采用一种适合翼身组合体模型的的网格生成技术来生成计算用的结构网格,该技术是先采用一种基于Higenstock源项修正的椭圆型偏微分方程生成二维网格,然后沿机身轴向合理的光滑性调整成三维网格.在求解Euler方程时采用中心离散格式和显式时间推进,并利用附面层修正的方法来考虑粘性的影响.为了验证此方法的正确性,本文对DLR-F4翼身组合体进行了数值模拟,结果表明此方法和试验结果能够很好的吻合.     

超临界机翼抖振实验研究

本文介绍了FL一2风洞超临界翼型半模抖振实验情况，给出了实验结果。对两副超临界机翼的翼身组合体半模型进行了抖振测力试验，增压抖振测力，流谱观察。使用翼尖加速度计、翼根弯矩采样信号和拐点法获得了两副超临界机翼的翼身组合体的初始抖振攻角。     

运输机机翼、机身和翼身组合体气动特性雷诺数效应的数值模拟研究

通过CFD方法对运输机单独机身、翼身组合体及不同厚度和弯度的翼型进行了数值模拟研究,分析了雷诺数对机身和翼身组合体气动特性的影响规律,通过雷诺数对有弯度的翼型及旋成体气动特性影响的研究,初步解释了雷诺数对机身和机翼影响差别的原因。     

细长翼身组合体前体非对称涡特性研究

通过低速和高速风洞试验对翼身组合体的前体非对称分离涡气动特性的研究，以及对旋成体非对称涡进行了大量的资料研究，结果表明：本专题所研制的细长翼身组合体的前体在较大迎角下有多个非对称涡；迎角、旋成体的外形，尤其是头部的几何形状是细长前体出现非对称涡的关键因素。     

翼身组合体摇滚特性高速试验研究

简要介绍了翼身组合体高速风洞自由摇滚实验技术的实验装置、实验方法、数据采集等。开展了翼身组合体大迎角下的摇滚特性研究,给出了典型的结果,研究结果表明随着模型迎角的增加,翼身组合体呈现不同的滚转运动形态,包括静态稳定、准极限环摇滚等。所研究的参数范围内后掠角对摇滚有较大影响,随着模型迎角的增加摇滚振幅呈现抛物线,马赫数的增加对最大摇滚振幅起抑制作用。     

DPWⅢ机翼和翼身组合体构型数值模拟

采用亚跨超CFD软件平台(TRIP)数值模拟了DPW Ⅲ提供的DPW_W1/W2两种机翼构型和DPW-F6/F6_FX2B两种翼身组合体构型,主要目的是通过两种机翼构型和两种翼身组合体构型的数值模拟,研究网格密度对运输机构型气动特性计算结果的影响。数值模拟采用的多块对接网格来自AIAA CFD Drag Prediction Workshop Ⅲ(DPW Ⅲ),采用National Transonic Facility(NTF)的试验结果和CFL3D的计算结果作对比。详细研究了网格密度对两种机翼构型和翼身组合体的总体气动特性和压力分布的影响。采用SST两方程模型计算两种构型均得到了网格收敛结果,网格密度主要影响压差阻力而对摩擦阻力影响较小,计算结果较好地预测了机翼和翼身组合体外形优化前后总体气动特性的变化量。     

采用TRIP2.0软件计算DLR-F6构型的阻力

采用"亚跨超CFD软件平台"(TRIP2.0)数值模拟了DLR-F6构型,主要目的是通过计算DLR-F6构型的安装阻力考察TRIP2.0软件的数值模拟精度,并为运输机构型的气动特性计算积累经验.本文数值模拟采用的多块对接网格,测压和测力的试验结果均来自AIAA CFD Drag Prediction Workshop II(DPWII),对比计算结果采用了CFL3D的结果.本文详细研究了网格密度、湍流模型对DLR-F6翼身组合体和翼/身/架/舱复杂组合体两种构型的的总体气动特性和压力分布的影响,计算结果与相应的试验结果取得了较好的一致.本文采用SST两方程模型计算两种构型均得到了网格收敛结果;不同的湍流模型对压差阻力影响较小,对摩擦阻力影响较大;不同的网格密度和湍流模型对压力分布影响较小.     

A quasi-one-dimensional model for hypersonic reactive flow along the stagnation streamline

This study proposes a quasi-one-dimensional model to predict the chemical non-equilibrium flow along the stagnation streamline of hypersonic flow past a blunt body. The model solves reduced equations along the stagnation streamline and predicts nearly identical results as the numerical solution of the full-field Navier-Stokes equations. The high efficiency of this model makes it useful to investigate the overall quantitative behavior of related physical-chemical phenomena. In this paper two important properties of hypersonic flow, shock stand-off distance and oxygen disso-ciation, are studied using the quasi-one-dimensional model with the ideal dissociating gas model. It is found that the shock stand-off distance is affected by both chemical and thermal non-equilibrium. The shock stand-off distance will increase when the flow conditions are changed from equilibrium to non-equilibrium, because the average density of the shock-compressed gas will decrease as a result of the increase in translational energy. For oxygen dissociation, the maximum value of its dis-sociation degree along the stagnation line varies with the flight altitude. It is increased at first and decreased thereafter with the altitude, which is due to the combination effect of the equilibrium shift and chemical non-equilibrium relaxation. The overall variation of the maximum dissociation is then plotted in the speed and altitude coordinates as a reference for engineering application.     

Theoretical investigation of shock stand-off distance for non-equilibrium flows over spheres

We derived a theoretical solution of the shock stand-off distance for a non-equilibrium flow over spheres based on Wen and Hornung’s solution and Olivier’s solution. Compared with previous approaches, the main advantage of the present approach is allowing an analytic solution without involving any semi-empirical parameter for the whole non-equilibrium flow regimes. The effects of some important physical quantities therefore can be fully revealed via the analytic solution. By combining the current solution with Ideal Dissociating Gas (IDG) model, we investigate the effects of free stream kinetic energy and free stream dissociation level (which can be very different between different facilities) on the shock stand-off distance.     

不同半径圆柱诱导CH4/空气预混燃烧的计算研究

本文研究不同半径圆柱诱导CH4/空气预混燃烧流场。采用保自由流5阶WENO格式求解贴体坐标变换后的多组分Euler方程,用基元反应模型描述CH4/空气燃烧。不同于标准WENO格式通量构造方法,该WENO格式数值通量由方程的解进行WENO插值得到,在曲线坐标系下具有保自由流性质。首先给出了保自由流WENO格式精度和保自由流的数值验证,然后计算圆柱诱导CH4/空气预混气燃烧流场,并考察不同半径圆柱的影响,给出燃烧流场压力与温度等值线和云图、压力和温度沿过驻点线分布。结果表明:在考核计算结果网格无关性基础上,该WENO格式可准确地捕捉激波和火焰阵面形状、激波和火焰面驻点距离,得到的计算结果和文献结果相符。增大圆柱半径,激波和火焰面被推向来流方向,激波和火焰面之间距离也减小。和TVD格式相比,5阶WENO格式采用四分之一的网格数可得到近似相同的计算结果。     

不同机载电子干扰条件下的飞机敏感性模型

对典型作战场景中雷达制导导弹威胁下的飞机敏感性进行了研究,分别从导弹发射和命中2个方面,建立了远距离支援干扰(SOJ)和自卫干扰(SPJ)条件下的飞机敏感性模型。首先分析了在典型电子对抗措施(ECM)和电子抗干扰措施(ECCM)条件下的雷达探测距离;其次提出了用于评价欺骗干扰的有效时间模型,结合典型制导律,建立了不同干扰条件下导弹命中分析的仿真模型;最后对不同干扰条件下的飞机敏感性进行了仿真实验。结果表明:电子干扰一定程度上能够降低非隐身战机的敏感性,但是对于低雷达散射截面(RCS)或者采用先进抗干扰措施的武器系统而言,电子干扰对飞机敏感性降低的作用有限甚至有害。研究结果对现役飞机通过电子干扰降低敏感性以及对在研飞机的敏感性设计具有一定的参考意义。     

Complete success of the first storm shadow / scalp EG firing

The first fully guided firing of the Storm Shadow/Scalp EG conventionally armed stand-off missile took place successfully at the Centre d'Essais des Landes (CEL) range in Biscarrosse (south west France), at the end of December 2000.     

Numerical analysis of hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment for an entry configuration in ionized flow

A theoretical methodology for thermochemical non-equilibrium flow combing with the HLLC (Harten-Lax-van Leer Contact) scheme was applied to study the hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment of an entry configuration in ionized flow. A two-temperature controlling model was utilized and the Gupta’s 11 species (N₂, O₂, NO, O, N, NO⁺, N₂⁺, O₂⁺, N⁺, O⁺, e^?) thermochemical non-equilibrium model was taken. Firstly, numerical calculations of hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environments for different aerodynamic shapes were carried out to verify the reliability of the method above. Then, the method was used to research the effects of ionization and wall catalysis on the hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment of the entry configuration in ionized flow. The shock stand-off distance can be reduced by thermochemical reactions but doesn’t continue to decrease significantly when ionization occurs. The shock stand-off distance calculated by the 11 species model is 4.2% smaller than that calculated by the 5 species (N₂, O₂, NO, O, N) thermochemical non-equilibrium model without considering ionization. Ionization reduces wall heat flux but increases wall pressure a little. The effect of ionization on aerothermal loads is greater than that of aerodynamic loads. The thermochemical reactions of electrons and ions catalyzed at the wall increase wall heat flux significantly but make a small change in wall pressure. The maximum wall heat flux obtained by only considering the electrons and ions catalyzed at the partially catalytic wall condition is 11.8% less than that calculated at the super-catalytic wall condition.     

Avionics for the Small Remotely Piloted Vehicle

The Lockheed developmental remotely piloted vehicle (RPV) is a highly sophisticated miniature airplane which represents the current state of the art in RPVs. The avionics, which include flight controls, inertial attitude reference, recovery guidance, payload and data link, represent more than 80 percent of the cost of the vehicle. The key cost drivers are the payload and data link which must accommodate long stand-off range and rapid AV jinking for good survivability, day and night operation, high radio jamming conditions, and high-precision laser pointing accuracy. However, there are many RPV applications which are less demanding and can therefore take advantage of substantial cost reductions. Lockheed Research & Development Division is addressing this need by defining flexible, adaptive, avionics concepts which emphasize the nondevelopmental philosophy. One such system is the Lockheed Adaptive Modular Payload (LAMP). This system promotes use of a standard universal two-axis gimbal platform into which many different forms of imaging sensors can be installed. This concept is aimed at reconnaissance and surveillance. It is now being integrated into the future RPV programs at the Lockheed Austin Division.     

A joint mid-course and terminal course cooperative guidance law for multi-missile salvo attack

Salvo attacking a surface target by multiple missiles is an effective tactic to enhance the lethality and penetrate the defense system. However, existing cooperative guidance laws in the mid-course or terminal course are not suitable for long- and medium-range missiles or stand-off attacking. Because the initial conditions of cooperative terminal guidance that are generally generated from the mid-course flight may not lead to a successful cooperative terminal guidance without proper mid-course flight adjustment. Meanwhile, cooperative guidance in the mid-course cannot solely guarantee the accuracy of a simultaneous arrival of multiple missiles. Therefore, a joint mid-course and terminal course cooperative guidance law is developed. By building a distinct leader-follower framework, this paper proposes an efficient coordinated Dubins path planning method to synchronize the arrival time of all engaged missiles in the mid-course flight. The planned flight can generate proper initial conditions for cooperative terminal guidance, and also benefit an earliest simultaneous arrival. In the terminal course, an existing cooperative proportional navigation guidance law guides all the engaged missiles to arrive at a target accurately and simultaneously. The integrated guidance law for an intuitive application is summarized. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can generate fast and accurate salvo attack.     

空袭作战远距离支援干扰空域划设研究

针对远距离支援干扰空域划设确定空域大小和中心点位置这一问题,提出了一种基于最大航迹偏差和遗传算法的空域划设方法。参考飞机基本性能,考虑干扰飞机受空中风和飞行员操纵误差的影响,以航迹最大偏差为基准确定空域大小;选取干扰飞机作战时的3个常用代价指标进行加权,利用遗传算法搜索不同作战要求下空域中心点位置;最后根据建立的模型对实例进行仿真计算,并分析了不同权重下的空域位置选择。仿真结果验证了方法的可行性,有效综合了干扰时实际代价因素。