武器装备费用确定方法及效费比分析探讨

分析了武器装备的全寿命周期费用的构成及特点,提出用装各经济寿命分析的方法计算出装备的全寿命费用;分析了效能费用的辩证关系,对效费比计算进行了初步的探讨。     

综合模块化航空电子系统软件体系结构综述

作为降低系统生命周期费用（LCC）、控制软件复杂性、提高软件复用程度的重要手段之一,软件体系结构已成为航空计算领域的一个主要研究方向。阐述了综合模块化航空电子（IMA）的理念,分析了推动IMA产生和发展的主要因素。总结了ARINC 653,ASAAC,GOA以及F-22通用综合处理机（CIP）上的软件体系结构研究成果,并讨论了IMA软件体系结构需要解决的若干问题及其发展趋势。在此基础上,对中国综合航电软件体系结构研究提出了一些见解。     

热循环参数对发动机性能和费用的影响

用统计方法给出了国产喷气发动机全寿命费用的估算模型,提出了全寿命费用率的概念,分别计算了发动机热循环参数和寿命提高后,推力、耗油率和全寿命费用率的变化情况。结果是 :增加涡轮前燃气温度可大幅度提高发动机性能,但费用也迅速增加,为使全寿命费用增加较少,必须提高发动机翻修寿命和总寿命,而单纯提高增压比则使发动机推力下降,全寿命费用率增加。      

面向成本的飞机结构优化设计

基于协同优化方法,建立了面向成本的飞机结构优化设计模型.该模型不同于传统的结构设计中以质量最小或结构效率最大为优化目标,而是以寿命周期成本为目标,通过相同的结构尺寸变量将结构质量与制造成本联系起来.其中以重量表征油耗成本,寿命周期成本模型被简化为制造成本和油耗成本的函数.在iSIGHT优化平台实现了这一结构协同优化的过...     

Configurationmodelofpartial repairablesparesunder batch ordering policy based on inventory state

Rational planning of spares configuration project is an effective approach to improve equipment availability as well as reduce life cycle cost （LCC）. With an analysis of various impacts on support system, the spares demand rate forecast model is constructed. According to systemic analysis method, spares support effectiveness evaluation indicators system is built, and then, initial spares configuration and optimization method is researched. To the issue of discarding and con-sumption for incomplete repairable items, its expected backorders function is approximated by Laplace demand distribution. Combining the （s-1, s） and （R, Q） inventory policy, the spares resup-ply model is established under the batch ordering policy based on inventory state, and the optimi-zation analysis flow for spares configuration is proposed. Through application on shipborne equipment spares configuration, the given scenarios are analyzed under two constraint targets：one is the support effectiveness, and the other is the spares cost. Analysis reveals that the result is consistent with practical regulation;therefore, the model＇s correctness, method＇s validity as well as optimization project＇s rationality are proved to a certain extent.     

军机LRM及其关键技术研究

LRM(外场可更换模块)是第四代军机航电系统的主要特征,对于提高军机战备完好性和降低其全寿命周期费用有着重要意义.分析了航电系统传统结构的不足,指出了基于LRM结构的航电系统的优点,阐述了LRM的设计要求及现有标准,并深入研究了其关键技术,以便为我军新机设计提供参考.     

基于案例推理的直接维修成本预计方法

在飞机研制初期就开始对直接维修成本(DMC)进行分析和控制对于降低飞机全寿命周期成本、增强飞机市场竞争力具有重要的意义。然而,现有的DMC预计方法存在精度低、大量依靠专家经验的缺陷,针对这些缺陷提出一种基于案例推理的预计方法。经过验证,此方法不仅需要的经验知识大大减少,而且简单、快捷,精度比其他方法提高了十几个百分点。     

第四代战斗机的动力装置

本介绍了国外第四代战斗机对动力装置的要求,归纳了第四代战斗机发动机的主要新技术,分析了第四代战斗机发动机在超声速巡航、可探测性、全寿命费用和发展潜力等方面所具有的优势,最后总结了第四代战斗机发动机发展过程中的几个重要特点,并对发动机技术发展进行了展望。     

军机两级维修费用效益预测

维修费用估算是军用飞机寿命周期费用估算的重要组成部分。将三级维修体制简化为两级维修,可节省维修财力并提高战备完好性。引入灰色系统GM（1,1）模型理论,建立了转换维修体制后的财力节省预测模型,以美空军实际节省的财力数据为例进行预测,经多种精度检验表明,模型的可信性较高。     

A serialized civil aircraft R&D cost estimation model considering commonality based on BP algorithm

The common design of serial civil aircraft, an important strategy of modern civil aircraft research and develop-ment, minimizes the whole life cycle cost of civil aircraft through asset reuse and resource sharing. However, the existing estimating model for the R&D cost of civil aircraft ignores the effects of common design, so the value estimated by estimating derivative models is significantly inconsistent with the actual one. To solve this problem, a novel assessment method for civil aircr...     

基于定期维护的产品维修策略研究

 维护是保持产品技术状态、降低失效发生的重要手段。通过分析维护对产品技术状态和失效变化规律的影响,利用复合Poisson过程描述了产品的维护效果,得到了定期维护条件下产品的寿命分布规律。在此基础上,提出了一种定期维护与视情维修相结合的维修策略,通过优化该维修策略下的产品维修费用,给出了最优的定期维护周期和预防性维修阈值。通过算例分析,表明该维修策略可以有效延长产品的维修间隔,从而大大减少产品全寿命期间的维修次数,产品在全寿命周期内的维修费用也得到了有效降低。     

Avionics cost of ownership

The cost of ownership of avionics includes not only the development and acquisition cost, but also the yearly operating and support (O and S) (maintenance) cost of hardware, software, and support equipment. This paper presents an avionics cost of ownership methodology developed for USAF, its data sources, and business metrics computed for USAF decision makers as we move toward operating avionics as a business. The business model is used to determine which existing avionics are candidates for replacement with new technology and to prioritize the replacements. These avionics are often used on multiple aircraft types which necessitates analysis of the causes of the high cost of ownership on each type. Databases are used to document the processing functions, data flow, and constraints of the item being analyzed. These constraints include physical, environmental, electrical, and data interfaces. Databases containing alternatives are evaluated against standard mission scenarios for aircraft utilizing these high cost avionics to determine their impact on performance, O and S costs, and mission effectiveness. The results of the foregoing analyses steps are then used in life cycle cost analyses which consider different retrofit scenarios for each alternative for each aircraft type against the avionics being analyzed for replacement. The alternatives are prioritized and a risk analysis performed considering technical, schedule, and cost growth risks. The avionics cost of ownership methodology described in this paper processes data from USAF maintenance organizations. This has revealed the very large expenditures being made to support highly unreliable avionics. These methods can be applied to all military and commercial aircraft systems to determine not only the cost of ownership of existing systems, but also the cost of ownership of new systems when they are retrofit     

BIT技术在装备全寿命费用中影响分析

通过对BIT(Build in test,机内测试)技术在LCC(Life Cycle Costs,全寿命费用)中的影响分析,建立采用BIT技术后的LCC增量模型,研究了采用BIT技术对装备的全寿命费用产生的影响。同时基于国外现状,分析现今国内的情况,阐明采用BIT技术将在节约装备全寿命费用产生良性的影响。     

商用飞机持续适航事件经济性分析模型

我国某型民用飞机于2015 年开始陆续交付运行，积累了大量的持续适航事件和数据，但缺少量化的评价机制，用于持续适航事件的经济性分析。本文通过对民用飞机持续适航事件和数据的收集与分析，结合对主制造商和航空公司的成本和收益损失的计算，提出持续适航事件成本结构；在此基础上，建立单个事件的成本模型和持续适航事件经验曲线模型，进一步提出预测机型成熟期的持续适航事件成本预测模型并验证。结果表明：在机队持续适航成本预测模型提出的过程中，飞机停场天数、事件接收到确定措施时间和措施实施时间的取值敏感度高，在后续机队的运行过程中，应尽量减小这三个参数的取值，以降低持续适航事件成本。     

Applying independent verification and validation to the automatictest equipment life cycle

Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) is becoming increasingly more sophisticated and complex, with an even greater dependency on software. With the onset of Versa Modular Eurocard (VME) Extensions for Instrumentation (VXI) technology into ATE, which is supposed to bring about the promise of interchangeable instrument components. ATE customers are forced to contend with system integration and software issues. One way the ATE customer can combat these problems is to have a separate Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V) organization employ rigorous methodologies to evaluate the correctness and quality of the ATE product throughout its life cycle. IV&V is a systems engineering process where verification determines if the ATE meets its specifications, and validation determines if the ATE performs to the customer's expectations. IV&V has the highest potential payoff of assuring a safe and reliable system if it is initiated at the beginning of the acquisition life cycle and continued throughout the acceptance of the system. It is illustrated that IV&V effects are more pronounced when IV&V activities begin early in the software development life cycle, but later application of IV&V is still deemed to have a significant impact. IV&V is an effective technique to reducing costs, schedule, and performance risks on the development of complex ATE, and a “tool” to efficiently and effectively manage ATE development risks. The IV&V organization has the ability to perform a focused and systematic technical evaluation of hardware and software processes and products. When performed in parallel with the ATE development life cycle, IV&V provides for early detection     

基于灰色模型的军机两级维修人力效益预测

维修人力费用估算是军用飞机寿命周期费用估算的重要组成部分。将三级维修体制简化为两级维修，可节省维修人力，并提高战备完好性。引入灰色系统Verhulst模型理论，建立了转换维修体制后的人力节省预测模型，以美空军实际节省的人力数据为例进行预测，结果表明，模型的可信性较高。     

Bipolar nickel-metal hydride batteries for aerospace applications

Electro Energy Inc. (EEI) is developing high power, long life, bipolar nickel-metal hydride batteries for aerospace applications. Bipolar nickel-metal hydride designs allow for high energy and high power designs with a 25 percent reduction in both weight and volume as compared to prismatic and/or cylindrical Ni-MH designs. Utilizing a sealed wafer cell design EEI has demonstrated a 1.2 kW/kg power capability. Prototype designs have achieved 70 Wh/kg. Designs studies show 80 Wh/kg are achievable with EEI's state-of-the-art technology. The sealed wafer cell is the building block for EEI's high power and high voltage bipolar batteries making the assembly easy and significantly lower in cost. Satellite and aircraft batteries are being developed which provide high power and long life. Sealed cells now show excellent rate capability and life. Cells tested in a low earth orbit (LEO) cycle have reached 9000 cycles and continue on test. High power, bipolar battery designs are ideal in applications where using conventional aerospace battery technology would require excessive capacity; weight and volume, thereby reducing usable payload on the vehicle     

深冷涡喷火箭组合循环发动机初步分析

为了对国外近年来提出的ＫＬＩＮ循环发动机（深冷涡喷发动机ＤＣＴＪ＋火箭发动机ＬＲＥ）的可实现性进行分析验证,估算了深冷涡喷／火箭组合循环发动机的特性,结合国外文献的研究,认为ＫＬＩＮ循环发动机有效载荷系数高、循环效率高、发展风险小、技术上可近期实现,极具开发和应用前景。     

Pick any system: what is the real cost?

The realities of a system's development process are described by the cliche: "Pay me now or pay me later." Everything costs something - there is no free lunch. However, there are less costly lunches. We are driven to lessen the cost, while still trying to garner the same or greater value. AU decisions have a relative cost associated with them, in both the short- and long-term. Further, this cost is seen differently by those who pay it, than by those who make the decisions that incur it - they are often not the same people. Yet it should always be our charge to manage the reduction of those costs over the life cycle, not just under our watch.     

Test sequencing problem arising at the design stage for reducing life cycle cost

Previous test sequencing algorithms only consider the execution cost of a test at the application stage. Due to the fact that the placement cost of some tests at the design stage is considerably high compared with the execution cost, the sequential diagnosis strategy obtained by previous methods is actually not optimal from the view of life cycle. In this paper, the test sequencing problem based on life cycle cost is presented. It is formulated as an optimization problem, which is non-deterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard). An algorithm and a strategy to improve its computational efficiency are proposed. The formulation and algorithms are tested on various simulated systems and comparisons are made with the extant test sequencing methods. Application on a pump rotational speed control (PRSC) system of a spacecraft is studied in detail. Both the simulation results and the real-world case application results suggest that the solution proposed in this paper can significantly reduce the life cycle cost of a sequential fault diagnosis strategy.