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Various plants have the ability to follow the sun with their flowers or leaves during the course of a day via a mechanism known as heliotropism. This mechanism is characterised by the introduction of pressure gradients between neighbouring motor cells in the plant?s stem, enabling the stem to bend. By adapting this bio-inspired mechanism to mechanical systems, a new class of smart structures can be created. The developed overall structure is made up of a number of cellular colonies, each consisting of a central pressure source surrounded by multiple cells. After launch, the cellular arrays are deployed in space and are either preassembled or alternatively are attached together during their release or afterwards. A central pressure source is provided by a high-pressure storage unit with an integrated valve, which provides ingress gas flow to the system; the gas is then routed through the system via a sequence of valve operations and cellular actuations, allowing for any desired shape to be achieved within the constraints of the deployed array geometry. This smart structure consists of a three dimensional adaptable cellular array with fluid controlling Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) components enabling the structure to change its global shape. The proposed MEMS components include microvalves, pressure sensors, mechanical interconnect structures, and electrical routing. This paper will also give an overview of the system architecture and shows the feasibility and shape changing capabilities of the proposed design with multibody dynamic simulations. Example applications of this lightweight shape changing structure include concentrators, mirrors, and communications antennas that are able to dynamically change their focal point, as well as substructures for solar sails that are capable of steering through solar winds by altering the sails? subjected area. 相似文献
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基于混合特征匹配的微惯性/激光雷达组合导航方法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
微惯性/激光雷达(MEMS IMU/LADAR)组合导航系统在室内应用时,由于室内结构化环境下环境特征(如点和线段)分布稀疏,传统的单一特征匹配算法存在观测盲区,易造成导航定位参数估计误差大的问题。基于此,研究了激光雷达自适应数据分割方法的点和线段的特征提取算法,提出了基于混合特征匹配观测模型的MEMS IMU/LADR扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法。同时,设计了MEMS IMU/LADR组合导航试验样机,在室内环境下通过试验对滤波算法进行了验证。结果表明:提出的算法在室内结构化环境下相比传统单一点或线特征匹配组合定位算法的定位精度可提高60%,对于小型旋翼无人飞行器在室内结构化环境中的高精度定位具有较高的参考意义。 相似文献
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针对微机电系统(MEMS)惯性传感器应用卡尔曼滤波(KF)处理数据时随机噪声难以估计的缺点,提出一种基于贝叶斯拉普拉斯卡尔曼滤波(BLKF)的随机噪声更新方法。该方法利用拉普拉斯近似算法,将贝叶斯边缘分布近似表示,能够避免贝叶斯方法更新过程中由于数据维数较大造成后验边缘分布较难估计的情况,提高对随机噪声的更新效率和精度。通过陀螺仪转台实验采集实验数据,运用KF与BLKF分别滤波。对比滤波结果可发现,BLKF比KF能更好地反映真实角速度状态。同时,在陀螺仪角速度变化时,BLKF的可靠性和准确性更高,滤波效果更具优势,能够达到抑制MEMS惯性传感器随机噪声的目的。 相似文献
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针对微型惯性开关闭合时间短、接触弹跳问题,设计了增强接触效果的摩擦接触式微型惯性开关。基于MEMS惯性开关工作原理,建立了开关物理模型,研究了不同类型惯性开关的闭合性能,提出了增强接触的摩擦接触方法,设计了摩擦接触式微型惯性开关的结构。为了对比接触性能,基于UV–LIGA叠层光刻和精密微电铸工艺,研制了3种不同类型的惯性开关。最后,进行落锤试验,测试结果显示:施加400g外载加速度时,刚性、柔性、摩擦接触式微型惯性开关的闭合时间分别为10μs、80μs、620μs;在惯性开关中引入摩擦电极,既能延长闭合时间,又能解决弹跳问题。研究结果表明,摩擦接触式微型惯性开关在增强接触效果方面具有很大的优越性。 相似文献
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The reliability of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning degrades when satellite signals are interfered. Such degradation is hard to be deteced by a micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) based inertial system(INS)/GNSS, integrating navigation system with a conventional Kalman filtering, which results in poten- tial integrity problem of the system. Hence, an algorithm combining wireless fidelity (WiFi) signal with a federa- ted Kalman filter (FKF) is proposed to identify the system integrity in dense urban navigation. The criterion of the system integrity detection is created followed by the derivation of the integrity coefficient. The field test shows that integrity changes can be captured by applying WiFi, and the maximum positioning error is reduced by 67~ without compensation of inertial sensors in integrity deterioration. 相似文献
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微机械加速度计发展现状浅析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
自微机电系统(MEMS)技术以IC工艺为基础发展以来,微机械加速度计便作为其中一个耀眼的应用实例大放异彩。在国外,上世纪九十年代就有低精度微加速度计产品,同时国内也开始了相关研究。时至今日,微加速度计已经按高精度、中精度、低精度三个精度等级分别发展。以麻省理工大学(MIT)Draper实验室为代表的一些国外机构已经研制出10-7g级别的高精度微加速度计样机并尝试在潜射导弹、洲际导弹再入等方面取得应用,乃至将来替代高精度摆式积分陀螺加速度计(PIGA);以COLIBRYS、Honeywell等公司为代表的商业机构,依托自身科研能力,致力于将中精度微机械加速度计推出量产化的单表和组合成品并推向低端军用和高端民用市场;以AD、ST等公司为代表的跨国公司,依托自身工艺线,推出大量的微机械加速度计,占领了消费电子市场。国内的研制分工也越来越细化,技术路线、行业分工、研究内容、需求牵引都越来越明确,其中压阻式、热对流式微机械加速度计已经产业化,微机械加速度计已有小批量的产品,硅微谐振式加速度计也显示了很好的发展前景。本文试对发展现状进行了简单评析。 相似文献