基于厚片光胶法的石英挠性加速度计摆片光学冷加工

本文介绍了一种基于厚片光胶的高精度石英挠性加速度计摆片光学冷加工制备方法。现有的主流加工方法一般采用厚度为1.1mm的薄片进行后续加工。在单面环抛机结合光胶工艺的加工方法中,这种厚度的原料片使得成品石英光片在最终下盘时的面型不够理想, 从而影响装配成表的精度。基于此,本文提出了厚片光胶法,运用片厚1.8mm的光片进行后续加工,并在加工过程中增加了一次释放应力加抛光片修饰面型的工序,较好地改善了成品光片的面型。改进工艺后制备所得的光片下盘后光圈数从改进工艺前的2~3个减少为小于1个。作为高精度石英加速度计的关键零部件,改善面型后的光片更好地满足了成表的精度要求。     

壁板自动化旋铆工艺应用研究

旋铆是一种铆杆对铆钉局部加压并绕中心连续摆动直到铆钉成形的铆接方法。旋铆成形后的铆钉材料连续无折断、无弯曲、鼓肚镦粗,与铆钉相连的部件毫无变形。某型壁板的铆合运用旋铆工艺提高铆钉的承载能力以及铆合后的表面外观质量。以2017材料的?6铆钉为对象,基于Simufact.Forming有限元软件,运用点轨迹追踪法对其旋铆成形过程进行了数值模拟研究,提取出铆钉变形区某些特定点变形过程中的应力值,并经过数据处理转化为等效应力–行程曲线,进而探讨了旋铆成形的变形机理。针对壁板的结构组成及其装配工艺流程,将旋铆成形的变形机理应用到旋铆设备。通过优化铆接设备的结构,同时将数控技术引入设备中实现自动化加工,提高壁板加工的效率及质量。     

对于强旋加工的一些浅见

某型副油箱整流罩是一种极限半锥角较小的曲母线旋转体空心零件,其形状尺寸如图1(a)所示。以前采用两次强旋方法加工比较顺利,随着生产的发展,我们开始试用一次强旋方法加工成形,由于零件极限半锥角较小,因此给加工带来了较大的困难。通过生产实践的摸索,我们得到了一些肤浅的认识。, 众所周知,为了保证曲母线零件有均匀壁厚,毛料可按正弦律设计成斜削变厚度,其剖     

旋片喷丸工艺在生产中的应用

一、概述旋片喷丸是气动式唢丸和叶轮式喷丸工艺技术的发展,它是将小而硬的碳化钨弹丸,通过弹性聚胺酯粘在尼龙网上,制成旋片,再通过风动工具使其高速旋转,使旋片上的弹丸猛烈地撞击零件表面的一种喷丸工艺。旋片喷丸装置,由于可以把弹丸粘在尼龙习上,这样在喷丸加工时就避免了弹丸的散失和污染环境,而且不受场地和工件大小的影响,可以在现场进行喷丸加     

阻旋栅对密封静力与动力特性影响的数值分析与实验研究

密封动力特性对旋转机械转子系统稳定性影响较大,在密封入口端部设置阻旋栅是提高密封稳定性的有效方法。设计加工了无/有阻旋栅共5种密封结构,从数值分析与实验研究两个方面研究阻旋栅对密封静力与动力特性的影响规律。建立阻旋栅密封静力特性CFD理论模型,数值分析阻旋栅对密封泄漏量、切向速度以及周向压力分布的影响;应用不平衡同频激励法实验研究阻旋栅对密封动力特性的影响。研究结果表明:阻旋栅可降低密封的泄漏量,减小密封内流体的切向速度,进而降低密封内流体的周向压力差,且随着阻旋栅周向稠度与径向长度的增加,这种作用逐渐增大,这是阻旋栅抑制气流激振力的主要原因;预旋是密封产生交叉刚度的重要因素,密封的交叉刚度随进出口压比与转速的增加而增大;阻旋栅可有效降低密封的交叉刚度,增加密封的主阻尼,提高密封的稳定性。本文研究揭示了阻旋栅抑制密封气流激振力的机理,为设计阻旋栅密封提供理论依据。     

聚合物波导条的超精密注塑制作

通过分析目前聚合物波导主要以微机电工艺的制造加工现状,提出了波导条的超精密注塑制作工艺.利用超精密飞切加工系统实现了波导条金属Al模具的飞切加工,通过超精密注塑机以PMMA为注塑材料得到了波导条的微结构,最后在波导微结构内旋涂上作为芯层紫外胶紫外光固化获得了所需要的梯形波导条.     

脉动态电解加工

电解加工在航空航天装备的核心部件制造中起到了重要作用。为了满足这些高科技产品的发展需求,它的加工精度需要进一步提高。电解加工过程中产生的氢气、温升及去除物,会显著影响加工间隙中电解液电导率的分布,并降低加工精度。脉动态电解加工将工具振动与脉冲给电优化耦合,改变了间隙状态,提高了精度和稳定性。拷贝式、旋印式、削边电极线切割式等3种脉动态电解加工形式分别对应叶片类、机匣类、榫槽类结构的加工表现出很好的工艺效果。     

基于光片模型高光线法的曲面品质评价

提出了曲面品质评价分析的光片模型高光线法.该方法的基本原理是:首先从光柱中切出一片包含轴心线的光片来代替光柱,使所有光线都位于一个光源平面内;然后根据本文提出的相应于光片模犁的距离甬数计算公式,通过使距离曲面与不同的平面求交,得到一系列曲面上的高光点;最后,采用三次Hermite插值方法,拟合出通过这些点的连续高光线簇...     

喷水射流预冷对发动机进气温度及流场变化影响的数值研究

为减小整个预旋系统的流动损失,首先对带预旋集气腔进气孔、预旋集气腔、预旋喷嘴的冷气预旋流路进行了分析,发现进气孔和集气腔会导致预旋喷嘴进口流场不均匀,相较于进口均匀条件,预旋喷嘴总压损失系数增大0.026。在此基础上提出了一种将预旋集气腔进气孔、预旋集气腔和预旋喷嘴融合设计的低损失融合式预旋喷嘴设计方案,分析表明：融合式预旋喷嘴能有效减小冷气在预旋系统内的流动损失,在设计工况总压损失系数减小0.032,并使冷气在预旋系统内流动更加均匀,提升了预旋系统的整体性能。     

低损失融合式预旋喷嘴设计与研究

为减小整个预旋系统的流动损失,首先对带预旋集气腔进气孔、预旋集气腔、预旋喷嘴的冷气预旋流路进行了分析,发现进气孔和集气腔会导致预旋喷嘴进口流场不均匀,相较于进口均匀条件,预旋喷嘴总压损失系数增大0.026。在此基础上提出了一种将预旋集气腔进气孔、预旋集气腔和预旋喷嘴融合设计的低损失融合式预旋喷嘴设计方案,分析表明:融合式预旋喷嘴能有效减小冷气在预旋系统内的流动损失,在设计工况总压损失系数减小0.032,并使冷气在预旋系统内流动更加均匀,提升了预旋系统的整体性能。     

Investigation of anode shaping process during co-rotating electrochemical machining of convex structure on inner surface

A novel co-rotating electrochemical machining method is proposed for fabricating convex structures on the inner surface of a revolving part. The electrodes motion and material removal method of co-rotating electrochemical machining are different from traditional electrochemical machining. An equivalent kinematic model is established to analyze the novel electrodes motion,since the anode and cathode rotate in the same direction while the cathode simultaneously feeds along the line of centres. Acc...     

Surface Roughness Effects on Vortex Torque of Air Supported Gyroscope

In order to improve the drift precision of air supported gyroscope, effects of surface roughness magnitude and direction on vortex torque of air supported gyroscope are studied. Based on Christensen’s rough surface stochastic model and consistency transformation method, Reynolds equation of air supported gyroscope containing surface roughness information is established. Also effects of mathematical models of main machining errors on vortex torque are established. By using finite element method, the Reynolds equation is solved numerically and the vortex torque in the presence of machining errors and surface roughness is calculated. The results show that surface roughness of slit has a significant effect on vortex torque. Transverse surface roughness makes vortex torque greater, while longitudinal surface roughness makes vortex torque smaller. The maximal difference approaches 11.4% during the range analyzed in this article. However surface roughness of journal influences vortex torque insignificantly. The research is of great significance for designing and manufacturing air supported gyroscope and predicting its performance.     

大气等离子加工系统设计及实验验证

建立了面向复杂光学表面的大气等离子抛光系统,并用该系统进行硅片表面加工的实验研究.研究了CF_4、SF_6两种气体的放电特性以及加工效果,得到了加工速率与功率,流量间的关系,并通过原子力显微镜观察了加工后的表面质量.     

Improvement of machining accuracy in EDCM by enhanced electrochemical reaming based on a non-metallic backing layer

Electrochemical Discharge Machining (ECDM) is potentially applicable for the fabrication of film-cooling holes. However, It is extremely difficult for the holes to achieve higher precision and machining quality owing to the working liquid diminish in the lateral machining gap. In this study, a non-metallic backing layer was proposed to overcome the diminish of working liquid, and the electrochemical reaming, as a post-processing method for ECDM, was used to further improve the machining accuracy and quality of the holes. First, the three-dimensional morphology of the melted pit of a paraffin backing layer was scanned to obtain the geometric parameters. Then, simulation analysis and experimental verification of auxiliary flushing by using the non-metallic backing layer were performed. The machining performance of the holes machined with electrochemical reaming based on non-metallic backing layer was confirmed by the observations of the surface topography of the hole wall and orifice, measurement of the orifice precision, and analysis of the element composition on the surface of the orifice wall. Finally, an optimum combination of machining parameters for electrochemical reaming is obtained through a process parameter optimization experiment.     

考虑表面加工状态的粉末盘低循环疲劳寿命分析

分析了表面加工状态对疲劳性能的影响,建立了基于Manson Coffin公式考虑表面加工状态的低循环疲劳寿命分析方法。分析不考虑与考虑表面加工状态某FGH96粉末合金盘的低循环疲劳寿命,分析结果表明:表面加工状态对低循环疲劳寿命的影响程度为30%～40%。完成了某FGH96粉末合金盘的低循环疲劳寿命试验,试验结果表明:不考虑表面加工状态的预测寿命分散度大,考虑表面加工状态的预测寿命分散度小。      

弧线齿面齿轮的齿面设计与加工

提出了一种新型弧线齿面齿轮传动及其加工方法,比直/斜齿形的面齿轮副具有更为优越的传动性能.弧线齿面齿轮传动是一种交错轴弧形齿圆柱齿轮与弧线齿面齿轮相啮合的传动.基于啮合理论,研究了弧线齿面齿轮副的切削理论以及相应的齿面设计、制造方法;建立了弧线齿面齿轮的加工模型,推导了弧线齿面齿轮的齿面方程,并建立了相应的有限元模型及三维仿真模型.提出了利用常规的格里森刀盘,在国内已有的数控加工中心或数控齿轮机床上加工弧线齿面齿轮的方法,制造工艺简单.      

航空发动机TC4机匣加工变形控制研究

航空发动机机匣零件的设计采用整体化、轻量化设计思想,使得结构复杂、规格尺寸大、薄壁特征多,而设计精度要求却在逐渐提高,机匣件加工后产生的变形问题尤显突出。探讨了薄壁结构机匣零件加工变形产生机理,提出分区去除余量控制加工变形的方法。使用Prism电子斑纹干涉钻孔残余应力仪测量了钛合金TC4机匣毛坯表层深度残余应力,通过有限元仿真结果预测出机匣毛坯内部残余应力分布规律。建立了机匣切削加工的有限元仿真模型并进行数值仿真,对两种工艺路线下的变形进行对比分析。最后,通过机匣的切削加工试验验证了仿真结果的正确性。     

TiN薄膜微结构激光加工特性的研究

利用光纤激光加工系统研究了两个激光加工参数(扫描速度和激光功率)对TiN薄膜加工特性的影响,并采用白光干涉仪分析了两组参数对加工直线槽的槽深、堆积高度和槽底表面粗糙度的影响趋势,通过对比分析,优化了加工参数。结果表明光纤激光器在加工TiN薄膜微结构上存在着效率高、精度高的优势。     

辊筒模具超精密加工机床液体静压导轨热变形分析

为了提高辊筒模具光学微结构的加工精度,本文对辊筒模具超精密加工机床的直线导轨系统进行了热变形分析。首先,根据液体静压导轨的结构特点提出了有限元分析中的油膜等效替代方法,建立了有限元分析模型。其次,应用有限元软件对机床直线导轨系统进行了热-结构耦合分析,得到了其直线导轨系统热变形误差,并给出了改善辊筒模具加工机床光学微结构加工精度的方法。最后,通过微结构刨削加工实验对有限元分析结果进行了验证。     

Machining of SiC ceramic matrix composites: A review

Continuous fiber reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (FRCMCs-SiC) are currently the preferred material for hot section components, safety–critical components and braking components (in the aerospace, energy, transportation) with high value, and have triggered the demand for machining. However, the high brittleness, anisotropy, and heterogeneity of materials bring great challenges to machining, due to high mechanical and thermal loads, severe tool wear, and poor machining quality. With the increasing demand of FRCMCs-SiC parts, high-quality and high-efficient machining has become a hot issue. This review paper provides a detailed literature survey on the machining of FRCMCs-SiC. The material removal mechanism, defect form, and interfacial mechanical properties of FRCMCs-SiC were summarized. The machining processes of FRCMCs-SiC were introduced, and their respective advantages and disadvantages were compared. Given the low machinability (high hardness, high brittleness, anisotropy, and heterogeneity) of FRCMCs-SiC, preliminary experiments have proved that ultrasonic-assisted machining and laser-assisted machining have shown unique advantages in reducing force and tool wear, improving machining quality and machining efficiency. The machined surface integrity was discussed, the influence of process parameters on the machined surface quality was analyzed, and the machining defects of FRCMCs-SiC were summarized. But for FRCMCs-SiC, the existing quantitative evaluation of the machined surface integrity was weak and unsystematic.