基于残余应力重分布的导轨梁加工变形仿真与变形控制工艺方案研究

为解决大型薄壁铸件导轨梁在材料去除过程中因残余应力的释放与重分布导致变形超差的工艺难题,对导轨梁零件加工工艺进行分析,实现零件模型的简化与子结构分割;同时开展零件毛坯表面残余应力测量,成功建立零件毛坯初始应力模型。在此基础上结合实际加工工艺开展零件加工有限元仿真,模拟加工过程中由于材料去除引起的残余应力释放,预测了加工过程中残余应力重分布规律和加工变形情况。总结了零件加工变形的有限元仿真结果,提出抑制零件加工变形的工艺方案。经验证,改进后的工艺顺序使零件最大变形量由0.485 mm降至0.081 mm,降低83.3%,避免了零件在加工过程中的尺寸超差。同时该平面作为后续加工的基准,保证了后续加工的精度,为生产工艺优化提供了有效的理论依据。     

7085铝合金残余应力及加工变形的数值仿真与试验

毛坯残余应力的测量以及零件的加工变形分析是航空整体结构件数控加工工艺研究的难题。应用MSC.Marc软件对某型飞机主起支撑接头的7085铝合金锻件毛坯的淬火-压缩工艺进行了数值仿真,获得了毛坯残余应力分布趋势;应用X射线衍射法与钻孔法测量了毛坯表层残余应力分布,提出了基于系数修正法的毛坯残余应力分析方法,通过最小二乘法（LSM）拟合仿真值与试验值以获得应力修正系数,并对毛坯残余应力分布的仿真结果进行修正,获得了实际毛坯的残余应力分布;由此进行了主起支撑接头缩比零件加工变形仿真与验证试验。研究结果表明：7085铝合金块状毛坯残余应力数值仿真结果与测试结果的趋势吻合,为应力修正提供了物理基础;相对于未修正的应力分布,基于修正后的应力分布仿真获得的变形结果精度提高了50%;7085-T7452铝合金的毛坯残余应力是导致主起支撑接头加工变形的主要因素。     

残余应力重分布引起的薄壁零件加工变形研究

现代航空工业中为减轻飞机重量,提高飞机的各项机械性能,整体构件越来越多地被使用。加工大型整体薄壁构件时,有90％以上的材料被切削加工去除,由于材料去除后零件刚度的降低以及应力的释放,造成过大的加工变形。本文用MSC．Marc有限元软件仿真了铝合金预拉伸板材料去除对于加工变形的影响,并分析了加工变形的成因。为验证有限元结果的正确性,在高速数控铣床上加工了同样的试件。结果表明仿真结果与实验结果一致,残余应力的释放与重分布是薄壁零件加工变形的主要原因。     

薄壁构件单面铣削残余应力变形有限元模拟与试验研究

提出了基于残余应力分层加载的残余应力变形仿真流程,建立了薄壁构件加工残余应力引起变形的有限元模型,对预测的变形值进行分析并得到了变形规律。通过GH4169薄壁构件单面铣削试验,对残余应力变形进行了测试,与有限元模拟结果相比,数值模拟结果具有较高的准确性。     

大型锻件窗框加工变形及工艺方案研究

窗框零件作为民用飞机上的重要承力构件,具有结构复杂、曲率大、难加工部位多、加工变形控制难等特点,而且采用锻件加工受毛坯初始残余应力影响较大。通过对典型窗框零件工艺特点以及加工关键技术进行研究,从毛坯残余应力分布、加工变形仿真预测、加工工艺过程优化等多方面进行研究,解决该类零件加工过程中变形处理的瓶颈问题,提出工程化解决方案,并形成窗框类零件加工典型工艺方案。     

航空薄壁回转体零件热处理残余应力的建模与仿真

航空薄壁回转体零件由于自身结构的特殊性,使得残余应力对其变形和精度稳定性有着很大的影响.采用热弹塑性有限元模型对薄壁回转体铝合金零件的热处理过程进行建模和仿真,运用有限元软件,对2A12铝合金薄壁回转体零件热处理过程瞬态温度场和应力场进行模拟,分析了热处理各个阶段的应力分布形态,并进行实验验证,数值模拟得到的残余应力值与实验结果基本一致.     

薄壁件铣削路径的研究现状

薄壁零件普遍具有结构复杂、变厚度、曲面曲线结构多、协调精度要求较高等特点,目前此类零件都采用数控铣削的方法来加工[1].但在加工过程中由于零件刚度差等多种原因,容易产生变形,因而难以控制加工精度和达到较高的加工效率.薄壁件的加工效率及变形误差,很大程度上取决于走刀策略.随着走刀路径的不同,工件内原有的残余应力释放顺序也不同,同时由于加工中切削力与切削热的作用,产生新的应力,新应力与原有残余应力的耦合作用也不相同,从而造成工件变形程度不一.因此对薄壁件铣削路径的研究是十分必要的.     

7075薄壁件二维单刃切削的有限元仿真

利用MSC.Marc软件,采用弹塑-热耦合有限元方法模拟出刀具在切削7075薄壁件过程中各变形区内温度、应力、应变以及切削力的分布。刀具前方为压应力,刀具后方为拉应力,刀具经过的表面薄层内存在较大的切削残余应力。仿真结果可为夹具设计以及切削参数优化提供帮助。     

铝合金厚板淬火残余应力的有限元模拟及其对加工变形的影响

航空整体结构件在加工过程中容易发生较大变形。为了研究毛坯的初始残余应力对整体结构件加工变形的影响,采用准耦合方法,利用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟7075铝合金毛坯的淬火过程,研究该过程中温度的变化和残余应力的分布规律,并在含有淬火残余应力的毛坯上进行材料去除模拟。结果表明,模拟产生的比例件的变形与实际加工的比例件的变形非常近似,从而证明了毛坯的初始残余应力是引起整体结构件加工变形的主要因素,同时验证了准耦合淬火模拟的有效性。     

基于浮动装夹自适应加工工艺的薄壁件加工变形控制技术研究

航空薄壁件尺寸大、壁薄、材料去除率高,极易发生加工变形问题,严重影响零件加工质量,因此航空薄壁件的加工变形控制具有重要的意义。以某传扭转接盘作为研究对象,基于加工过程中的监测变形力重构毛坯全局残余应力分布,优化了零件的加工位姿,并结合浮动装夹自适应加工工艺实现了零件的加工变形有效控制。实际加工试验将零件的平面度和平行度分别控制在0.11mm和0.04mm,结果表明,该方法能显著控制工件加工变形。     

Energy principle and material removal sequence optimization method in machining of aircraft monolithic parts

In the machining process of aircraft monolithic parts, the initial residual stress redistribution and structural stiffness evolution often lead to unexpected distortions. On the other hand, the stress redistribution and stiffness reduction during the machining process depend on the material removal sequence. The essence of the stress redistribution is releasing the initial elastic strain energy. In the present study, the influence of the material removal sequence on the energy release is studied. Moreover, a novel optimization method is proposed for the material removal sequence. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the mechanism of the machining distortion is firstly analyzed based on the energy principle. Then a calculative model for the machining distortion of long beam parts is established accordingly. Moreover, an energy parameter related to the bending distortion and the procedure of the material removal sequence optimization is defined. Finally, the bending distortion analysis and material removal sequence optimization are performed on a long beam with a Z-shaped cross-section. Furthermore, simulation and experiments are carried out. The obtained results indicate that the optimized sequence results in a low distortion fluctuation and decreases the bending distortion.     

An allowance allocation method based on dynamic approximation via online inspection data for deformation control of structural parts

Deformation resulting from residual stress has been a significant issue in machining. As allowance allocation can directly impact the residual stress on part deformation, it is essential for deformation control. However, it is difficult to adjust allowance allocation by traditional simulation methods based on residual stress, as the residual stress cannot be accurately measured or predicted, and many unexpected factors during machining process cannot be simulated accurately. Different from traditional methods, this paper proposes an allowance allocation method based on dynamic approximation via online inspection data for deformation control of structural parts. An Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model for dynamic allowance allocation is established so as to approach the minimum deformation, which is based on the in-process deformation inspection data during the alternative machining process of upside and downside. The effectiveness of the method is verified both by simulation cases and real machining experiments of aircraft structural parts, and the results show that part deformation can be significantly reduced.     

Machining deformation of single-sided component based on finishing allowance optimization

Owing to reliability and high strength-to-weight ratio, large thin-walled components are widely used in the aviation and aerospace industry. Due to the complex features and sequence involved in the machining process of large thin-walled components, machining deformation of component is easy to exceed the specification. In order to address the problem, it is important to retain the appropriate finishing allowance. To find the overall machining deformation, finishing allowance-induced deformation (web finishing allowance, sidewall finishing allowance) and initial residual stress-induced deformation were considered as major factors. Meanwhile, machined surface residual stress-induced deformation, clamping stress-induced deformation, thermal deformation, gravity-induced deformation and inertial force-induced deformation were neglected in the optimization model. Six-peak Gaussian function was introduced to fit the initial residual stress. Based upon the obtained function of initial residual stress, a deformation prediction model between initial residual stress and finishing allowance was established to attain the finishing allowance-induced deformation. In addition, linear programming optimization model based on the simplex algorithm was developed to optimize the overall machining deformation. Results have concluded that the overall machining deformation reached the minimum value when sidewall finishing allowance and web finishing allowance varied between 1 and 2 mm. Additionally, web finishing allowance-induced deformation and sidewall finishing allowance-induced deformation were 1.05 mm and 0.7 mm. Furthermore, the machining deformation decreased to 0.3–0.38 mm with the application of optimized finishing allowance allocation strategy, which made 39–56% reduction of the overall machining deformation compared to that in conventional method.     

基于动力学仿真技术的TC4整体叶轮铣削参数优化

针对某航空发动机TC4整体叶轮在数控加工过程中存在颤振、加工效率低及因加工变形而导致局部超差等问题,提出了相应的铣削参数优化解决方案。在进行切削力系数辨识试验获取TC4材料的切削力系数及锤击试验获取加工系统动力学特性参数的基础上,通过综合使用自行开发的铣削加工动力学仿真软件SimuCut和国外的CutPro软件进行动力学仿真与优化,获得了优化的切削参数。使用优化的切削参数进行加工,有效地消除了颤振和因加工变形引起的局部超差,提高了加工效率。     

飞机结构件数控加工变形控制研究与仿真

以飞机弧形结构件这一典型易变形的零件为例,研究数控加工变形情况及其影响因素,分析数控加工过程中切削力对变形、残余应力对加工变形、装夹布局对飞机结构件数控加工变形的影响,并针对所研究的3个方面建立相应的物理仿真模型,模拟加工变形情况,提出了相应的解决方案。     

基于正交回归的TC4合金本构关系研究

通过热物理模拟试验,系统地研究了主要热力参数(变形温度、变形速率、变形程度)与流动应力间的数值关系;采用正交设计原理,分析并回归出TC4合金的本构方程;定性地探讨了热力参数对TC4合金成形性能的影响规律,为TC4合金热变形数值模拟和热力参数的合理制定与控制提供了依据。     

点阵结构压气机叶轮3D打印过程设计及打印性能分析

基于八角桁架点阵结构,提出了一种新的涡轮压气机叶轮轻量化设计方法。在保证点阵轮具有可加工性的同时为了提高打印成功率,基于有限单元法对点阵轮不同激光功率、激光走速、激光宽度、铺粉层厚和支撑切割高度下的增材制造过程进行模拟,分析了不同打印参数下点阵轮打印过程的最大残余变形及最大残余应力。结果表明,激光打印参数(如激光功率、激光走速和激光宽度)对叶轮残余变形和残余应力幅值有较大影响,而铺粉层厚对残余变形和残余应力幅值的影响相对较小,通过降低激光功率、提高激光速度和增加激光宽度,可以降低叶轮的残余应力。对于填充率为11.4%的晶格单元,点阵轮相对于原始轮质量可降低23.5%。加工完成后点阵轮的残余变形和残余应力均小于原始轮,本文工况下,点阵轮加工完成后的最大残余应力和变形可分别比设计轮最多降低8.72%和20.19%。这意味着采用点阵轮的设计方式在降低叶轮质量的同时,还将具有更接近于原始设计且更不容易在加工中损坏的优良加工性。