辅助动力装置喘振控制方法

以带负载压气机的辅助动力装置(APU)为研究对象,分析了其引气工作特点及负载压气机喘振机理,提出采用出口换算流量小于最小稳定工作流量的方法来控制负载压气机稳定工作,当APU出口换算流量小于最小稳定工作流量2%时,通过打开喘振控制阀(SCV)防止APU喘振.设计了比例积分微分(PID)控制器控制SCV开度,试车数据与相同条件下的逼喘仿真试验结果对比表明,所提出的方法既可避免负载压气机喘振,又可保证出口压力满足引气要求.      

基于分岔理论的轴流式压气机旋转失速主动控制技术

旋转失速是轴流式压气机的一种基本气动不稳定工作现象, 首先通过对Moore-Greitzer压缩系统模型的非线性动力学分岔分析, 发现旋转失速是由亚临界的音叉分岔所造成;其次提出了一种基于分岔理论的非线性主动控制算法, 采用压气机压比作为输入测量信号, 节流阀位置作为输出激励信号;最后采用分岔软件AUTO进行了计算机数值仿真, 仿真结果表明, 提出的非线性主动控制算法使得音叉分岔由亚临界转变为超临界, 从而消除了旋转失速迟滞环, 以及扩大了压气机的稳定工作范围.此外, 由于控制系统仅仅需要一维布局的传感器和激励器, 因此同时具备了较好的工程应用前景.      

A surface parametric control and global optimization method for axial flow compressor blades

An aerodynamic optimization method for axial flow compressor blades available for engineering is developed in this paper. Bezier surface is adopted as parameterization method to control the suction surface of the blades, which brings the following advantages:(A) significantly reducing design variables;(B) easy to ensure the mechanical strength of rotating blades;(C) better physical understanding;(D) easy to achieve smooth surface. The Improved Artificial Bee Colony(IABC) algorithm, which significantly increases the convergence speed and global optimization ability, is adopted to find the optimal result. A new engineering optimization tool is constructed by combining the surface parametric control method, the IABC algorithm, with a verified Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulation method, and it has been successfully applied in the aerodynamic optimization for a single-row transonic rotor(Rotor 37) and a single-stage transonic axialflow compressor(Stage 35). With the constraint that the relative change in the flow rate is less than0.5% and the total pressure ratio does not decrease, within the acceptable time in engineering, the adiabatic efficiency of Rotor 37 at design point increases by 1.02%, while its surge margin 0.84%,and the adiabatic efficiency of Stage 35 0.54%, while its surge margin 1.11% after optimization, to verify the effectiveness and potential in engineering of this new tool for optimization of axial compressor blade.     

两种主动控制喘振现象作动机构的非线性分析

 对喘振主动控制中所采用的作动机构进行了介绍，导出了与作动机构有关的系统非线性方程组，并定性地解释了作动机构引起附加小扰动的机理，对实际作动机构的动态平衡点进行了标定，并分析了实际作动机构与压缩系统的非线性耦合特征     

航空发动机主动稳定控制方法分析

主动稳定控制能够抑制压气机旋转失速、避免喘振,从而减小稳定裕度,扩大工作范围,使压气机性能得到最大发挥。针对航空发动机主动稳定控制关键技术,分析了以Moore-Greitzer模型为基础的压气机模型、模态控制与非线性控制两种主动控制方法,在此基础上讨论了主动稳定控制方法存在的不足,并指出了压气机模型与主动稳定控制方法的未来发展方向,可为航空发动机主动稳定控制理论研究与工程应用提供有益的参考。     

基于自适应动态规划的运载火箭智能姿态容错控制

针对运作火箭主动段发动机摆动执行机构故障下的姿态控制问题,结合自适应动态规划（ADP）方法设计了一种智能容错控制策略。该智能容错控制器主要包括2部分：容错稳定控制部分和优化补偿部分。容错稳定控制部分利用自适应和滑模变结构控制设计,主要维持执行机构故障下姿态控制系统的稳定,保证姿态跟踪误差的有限时间收敛;优化补偿部分采用执行-评价结构,利用ADP的在线学习优势,根据姿态系统的跟踪误差（尤其是系统故障、强干扰导致的跟踪偏差）,设计ADP算法产生补偿控制来进一步优化姿态控制系统的跟踪性能。仿真验证表明,即使存在外部干扰和执行机构故障的情况下,所提方法仍能保证系统稳定且精确跟踪指令信号。     

轴流压缩系统中主动抑制旋转失速的数值模拟

提出一个可用于分析轴流压缩系统通过附加扰动主动抑制旋转失速的理论模型,利用该模型讨论了系统参数对抑制效果的影响及旋转失速和喘振之间的关系.结果表明该方法的抑制效果随着B参数及压气机级数、级负载的增加而降低;同一压缩系统发生一维喘振的工作点轴向速度系数由B参数及压气机轴对称特性共同决定,与特性线斜率无关;并且只有当喘振由旋转失速引起时,才可以通过抑制旋转失速来防止喘振的发生.      

Concepts for position and load control for hybrid actuation in primary flight controls

Moving towards the More Electric Aircraft, a hybrid actuator configuration, in which an electromechanical actuator (EMA) and an electrohydraulic servoactuator (EHSA) operate on the same control surface, provides an opportunity to introduce electromechanical actuators into primary flight controls. Besides the operation in active/passive or active/active mode, an “active/no-load” mode is promising. In this mode the EMA is controlled such that it actively follows the movement of the control surface without carrying external air loads, thereby reducing power dissipation compared to active/active mode and failure transients compared to active/passive mode. However, force fighting will occur if both actuators are actively controlled. In this paper, control concepts for a hybrid configuration, extending the original actuator control loops, are presented, enabling active/active as well as active/no-load operation. Nonlinear as well as linear models for an EMA, an EHSA, and a control surface structure are derived from technical data for an airworthy EHSA and combined to a model of the hybrid configuration. These models are used for matching of actuator dynamics and simulation of the developed control laws. For active/active mode, maximum force fighting between the actuators is reduced from about 500% to 7% of the stall load. For active/no-load mode, a force control loop is added to the EMA control, causing the EMA to follow movements of the control surface such that the external loads on the EMA are zero in steady-state. Force fighting is reduced to 30% of the stall load.     

Robust Hybrid Control for Ballistic Missile Longitudinal Autopilot

This paper investigates the boost phase’s longitudinal autopilot of a ballistic missile equipped with thrust vector control. The existing longitudinal autopilot employs time-invariant passive resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) network compensator as a control strategy, which does not take into account the time-varying missile dynamics. This may cause the closed-loop system instability in the presence of large disturbance and dynamics uncertainty. Therefore, the existing controller should be redesigned to achieve more stable vehicle response. In this paper, based on gain-scheduling adaptive control strategy, two different types of optimal controllers are proposed. The first controller is gain-scheduled optimal tuning-proportional-integral-derivative (PID) with actuator constraints, which supplies better response but requires a priori knowledge of the system dynamics. Moreover, the controller has oscillatory response in the presence of dynamic uncertainty. Taking this into account, gain-scheduled optimal linear quadratic (LQ) in conjunction with optimal tuning-compensator offers the greatest scope for controller improvement in the presence of dynamic uncertainty and large disturbance. The latter controller is tested through various scenarios for the validated nonlinear dynamic flight model of the real ballistic missile system with autopilot exposed to external disturbances.     

α1和α2调节通道对某型涡扇发动机加速性能的影响

结合发动机加速模型,采用部件法编制了变几何通道时加速性能的计算程序,并详细分析了α1通道、α2通道调节延迟或超前时对其的影响.结果表明若几何通道超前调节,则推力和高压压气机稳定工作裕度增大,低压压气机稳定工作裕度减小,而延迟调节时变化趋势正好相反;其中α2通道调节产生的影响大于α1通道调节产生的影响.     

Nonlinear adaptive flight control system: Performance enhancement and validation

The problem of decreasing stability margins in L₁ adaptive control systems is discussed and an out-of-loop L₁ adaptive control scheme based on Lyapunov’s stability theorem is proposed. This scheme enhances the effectiveness of the adaptation, which ensures that the system has sufficient stability margins to achieve the desired performance under parametric uncertainty, additional delays, and actuator faults. The stability of the developed control system is demonstrated through a series of simulations. Compared with an existing control scheme, the constant adjustment of the stability margins by the proposed adaptive scheme allows their range to be extended by a factor of 4–5, bringing the stability margin close to that of variable gain PD control with adaptively scheduled gains. The engineered practicability of adaptive technology is verified. A series of flight tests verify the practicability of the designed adaptive technology. The results of these tests demonstrate the enhanced performance of the proposed control scheme with nonlinear parameter estimations under insufficient stability margins and validate its robustness in the event of actuator failures.     

基于机载实时模型的发动机执行机构 故障状态参数估计

为了对发动机的主燃烧室供油量控制器、喷管喉部面积控制器、风扇进口可调导叶角度控制器、压气机进口可调导叶角度控制器进行故障诊断,建立了基于简化n+1残量方法的非线性机载实时模型,并结合常增益扩展卡尔曼滤波器建立执行机构控制参数估计器,利用非线性部件级模型模拟飞行包线内发动机执行机构的软故障.仿真结果表明:执行机构控制参数估计器在飞行包线内能实现较高精度估计,且具有较好的稳定性.     

离心压气机进气流场研究及控制

对某车用增压离心压气机进行了三维数值模拟,研究了离心压气机设计点和不同转速下近喘振点进气流场,基于此提出了离心压气机进气轮盖导叶流场控制措施并进行了验证实验.研究表明:离心压气机近喘振点压力面与吸力面压力差异影响到进气流场,导致进气口轮盖附近出现与叶轮转向相反的切向速度;且从低转速到高转速,该与叶轮转向相反的切向速度逐渐增大;离心压气机设计点进气在叶片压力面和吸力面前分别形成与叶轮转向相反和相同的切向速度区域,该区域不限于轮盖附近.轮盖导叶的流动控制方法可以有效抑制近喘振点切向反速度,实验结果表明,轮盖导叶使得离心压气机整体性能得到了提高,在90000r/min近喘振点压比提高了3.4%,效率提高了3.0%.      

航空发动机多变量模糊滑模变结构模型跟踪控制

针对现代航空发动机是一个具有不确定性的强非线性系统,结合滑模变结构控制和模糊逻辑系统的优点,提出了一种模糊滑模变结构模型跟踪控制方法。采用比例积分型切换超平面设计滑模变结构控制系统,使用模糊逻辑系统自适应调节切换增益,得到某涡扇发动机的模糊滑模变结构模型跟踪控制器。数字仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器不但能使被控对象较好地跟踪参考模型,消除抖振现象,而且对系统的不确定性具有不变性,保证了被控系统在整个控制阶段都具有较强的鲁棒性。     

0.6m连续式跨声速风洞AV90-3轴流压缩机喘振边界测试研究

为了测试出AV90-3轴流压缩机在0.6m连续式跨声速风洞中的安全运行范围,采用减小进气体积流量测定喘振点的测试方法和测压力波动的喘振判别方法,准确测试出了AV90-3轴流压缩机的喘振边界线。得出了静叶角增大后,喘振边界线向右上方拉伸和增压、负压下的喘振边界线与常压时基本重合的试验结论。通过将进气体积流量和压比作为防喘振的控制参数,设置报警线和防喘振曲线,采取旁通回流的方法,有效预防了喘振发生。可为后续大型连续式风洞压缩机的喘振边界测定和防喘振控制提供依据和参考。     

航天器有限时间自适应姿态跟踪容错控制

非刚体航天器存在时变的惯量、执行器完全失效或衰退故障以及外界干扰的情况,提出一种有限时间自适应姿态跟踪容错控制方法。首先,基于有限时间理论和自适应方法,设计惯量不确定性自适应估计项和外界干扰参数自适应估计项进行系统补偿,克服惯量不确定性和抑制外界干扰;然后,基于容错控制和双幂次方法,设计一种自适应有限时间姿态跟踪容错控制算法,并且利用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明所提算法能够保证航天器姿态跟踪系统实际有限时间稳定;最后,对仿真结果进行验证。结果表明:所提有限时间姿态跟踪容错控制方法是有效的。     

航空发动机压缩系统切断加力过渡态的性能分析

根据台架试车试验的测量数据和部件的试验特性,分析了航空发动机压缩系统从全加力到小加力过渡态过程中压缩系统部件的工作点变化情况,给出了喘振裕度随时间的变化。结果表明:在该过渡态过程中,发动机参数有较大波动,风扇裕度不会减小,高压压气机的可调静子叶片角度偏开,导致裕度有所减小,涵道比有所增大。以上参数变化应该在压缩系统设计中给予考虑。     

离心压气机无叶扩压段流路控制扩稳机理

为寻求叶轮-扩压器间无叶扩压段流路控制的扩稳机理,选取某离心压气机为研究对象,利用数值模拟的方法,通过流场分析解释其失速机理,并在此基础上重新设计无叶扩压段机匣结构,探讨一种有效流路控制扩稳方式.分析结果表明:将无叶扩压段机匣结构设计为先收缩后扩张型后,离心压气机稳定工作范围提高了2.8%,但绝热效率有所降低.      

仿人智能开关算法在发酵温控中的应用

发酵温度对象具有严重非线性、时变不确定、大滞后等特点,且受环境温度影响非常大,目前微型发酵罐的全过程温度自动控制是个较难解决的问题。常规PID控制中的比例、积分、微分能够模拟人脑的功能,但缺乏智能性,控制效果不佳。针对此问题设计了仿人智能开关控制器,并在东北大学发酵实验室微型发酵罐温度控制中进行了应用。实验结果表明,仿人智能开关控制器比传统的PID控制器的控制精度更高、稳态性能更好,具有较高的应用价值。     

过驱动飞行器积分滑模容错控制方法

针对过驱动飞行控制系统中执行器故障时的协调分配问题,提出了一种基于积分滑模的容错飞行控制器设计方法.引入虚拟控制思想,构造了多执行器故障条件下飞行器层级结构控制的数学模型.运用小增益定理,推导了系统闭环稳定的充分条件,并基于线性矩阵不等式,建立了最优状态反馈的凸优化模型.以积分滑模面切换函数为变量,选取李雅普诺夫能量函数,设计了渐近稳定的积分滑模控制器.仿真结果表明,该方法可综合考虑执行器完好和故障时的控制效能,能够实现多操纵面容错飞行控制,具有较好的鲁棒性.