Effect of W addition on phase transformation and microstructure of powder metallurgic Ti-22Al-25Nb alloys during quenching and furnace cooling

Powder metallurgic Ti2 AlNb alloys with W addition are sintered at 900, 1000, 1070 °C,and 1150 °C(i.e., in the O + B2, a_2+ B2 + O, a_2+ B2, and single B2 phase regions, respectively)for 12 h, followed by water quenching and furnace cooling. Comparisons of phase and microstructure between quenched and furnace-cooled W-modified alloys are carried out to illustrate the phase transformation and microstructure evolution during the cooling process. Furthermore, a comparison is also made between W-modified and W-free alloys, to reveal the function of the W alloying.W addition accelerates the solutions of a_2 and O phases during the high-temperature holding, and a Widmannsta¨tten B2 + O structure, which contributes to the properties, is induced by furnace cooling from all the phase regions. The Widmannsta¨tten structure includes a B2 matrix, primary O, and secondary O precipitates. However, W alloying refines the Widmannsta¨tten structure only when the alloys are solution-treated and then cooled from the single B2 phase. Although the hardness of the W-modified alloys is lower than that of the W-free alloys sintered in the same phase region, an enhancement of hardness, 489 ± 18 HV, is obtained in the alloy solution-treated in the single B2 phase region for only 0.5 h.     

Primary Solidification Phase and Lamellar Orientation in Directionally Solidified Ti-45Al-7Nb Alloy

Primary solidification phase and lamellar orientation are investigated in Ti-45Al-7Nb alloy at very high ratio of temperature gradient to growth rate (G/v) by a liquid-metal-cooled directionally solidified method. It shows that Ti-45Al-7Nb alloy solidifies with primary α phase. Longitudinal (parallel to growth direction) microstructure shows that α dendrites in solid-liquid mushy zone are discontinuous and transverse microstructure of α dendrites is worm-like feature. Growth direction of α phase is about 80° away from〈0001〉α direction, and close to〈1120〉α direction. The corresponding lamellar orientation is aligned at the angle of about 10° to growth direction, which is consistent with α-dendrite growth direction according to Blackburn orientation relationship. Therefore, due to the altered growth direction of α phase, the lamellar orientation in Ti-45Al-7Nb alloy is controlled at the G/v ratio of 5×109 K·sm-2.     

The Influence of Co Addition on Phase Transformation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of TiNi Alloys

The influences of Co-addition on phase transformation behavior and mechanical properties of TiNi alloys were investigated. Re- sults indicate that, as a substitute for Ni, Co added to TiNi alloys can dramatically decrease the martensite transformation temperature, and R phase transformation and martensite transformation are accordingly separated. When Co-content reach 10 at.%, the martensite transformation temperature is lower than that of liquid nitrogen. During deformation at room temperature, Ti50Ni48Co2 alloy exhibits good ductility with a lower stress plateau caused by stress-induced martensite and martensite reorientation.     

Yield anisotropy and tension/compression asymmetry of a Ni3Al based intermetallic alloy

In order to investigate the yielding behavior of the newly developed Ni 3 Al-based intermetallic alloy IC10, yield stresses have been measured in tension and compression with different orientations. The specimens were cut from a sheet with different angles inclined from the solidification direction. The inclined angles were taken to be 0 , 22.5 , 45 , 67.5 and 90 . All experiments were conducted at room temperature except for orientation 0 , whose deformation temperatures ranged from 298 to 1273 K. Experimental results show that the yield strength of alloy IC10 has the anomalous behavior which has been observed for other Ll 2 -long-range ordered intermetallic alloys, but it is less pronounced. The abnormalities show the following characteristics: (i) the yield strength increases as the temperature is raised below the peak temperature, (ii) yield strength anisotropy, (iii) tension/compression asymmetry. Compared to Ni 3 Al single crystals, the polycrystalline exhibits some different yielding behaviors which may be due to the high volume fraction of c phase.     

Corrosion Properties of Light-weight and High-strength 2195 Al-Li Alloy

The intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion of 2195 Al-Li alloy treated by multi-step heating-rate controlled aging (MSRC) are studied. The corrosion features of 2195 Al-Li alloys which are respectively treated by high-temperature nucleation MSRC (H-M) and low-temperature nucleation MSRC (L-M) are contrasted. And the corrosion mechanism of 2195 Al-Li alloy is also discussed from the viewpoint of microstructure (types, distribution, etc.) of the strengthening phase. The results show that 2195 Al-Li alloy after H-M is more susceptible to intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion than that of alloy after L-M. The degree of intergranular corrosion increases with the increase of predeformation amount and the surface parallel to the rolling direction is more prone to exfoliation corrosion. The main reason of intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion is the for-mation of corrosion galvanic couples among T1 phase, ?θ’ phase and grain boundary precipitate-free zones (PFZ).     

RECALESCENCE BEHAVIOUR AND SOLIDIFICATION STRUCTURE OF HIGHLY UNDERCOOLED Ni-32.5%Sn EUTECTIC ALLOY

Large undercoolings up to 395K (0.28TE) are obtained for 15g samples of Ni-32.5%Sn eutectic alloy by superheating the alloy melt to 108-700K above its eutectic temperature and consequently destroying most of the inherent heterogeneous nuclei. The recalcscence phenomenon and its dependence on undercooling and on crystal nuclcation and growth, as well as its relationship to solidification microstructures are studied. The crystalli/ation fraction during recalcsccnce is also calculated. Experiments reveal that recalcscence degree increases with undercooling when the latter is below a certain critical value∧Te, but it decreases as undercooling increases above A 7"( (under present conditions∧Te= 245K, i. c. 0.17TE). The greater the recalescencc degree, the larger the proportion of anomalous eutectic in solidified structures. It is inferred that anomalous eutectic is the product of rapid solidification while lamellar eutectic forms at much slower nuclcation rate and growth velocity.     

Processing map of as-cast 7075 aluminum alloy for hot working

The true stress–strain curves of as-cast 7075 aluminum alloy have been obtained by isothermal compression tests at temperatures of 300–500 °C and strain rates of 0.01–10 s 1. The plastic flow instability map is established based on Gegel B and Murthy instability criteria because the deformed compression samples suggest that the combination of the above two instability criteria has more comprehensive crack prediction ability. And the processing map based on Dynamic Material Model(DMM) of as-cast 7075 aluminum alloy has been developed through a superposition of the established instability map and power dissipation map. In terms of microstructure of the deformed samples and whether plastic flow is stable or not, the processing map can be divided into five areas: stable area with as-cast grain, stable area with homogeneous grain resulting from dynamic recovery, instability area with as-cast grain, instability area with the second phase and instability area with mixed grains. In consideration of microstructure characteristics in the above five areas of the processing map, the stable area with homogeneous grain resulting from dynamic recovery, namely the temperatures at 425–465 °C and the strain rates at 0.01–1 s 1, is suggested to be suitable processing window for the as-cast 7075 aluminum alloy.     

Coupled Lagrangian impingement spray model for doublet impinging injectors under liquid rocket engine operating conditions

To predict the effect of the liquid rocket engine combustion chamber conditions on the impingement spray, the conventional uncoupled spray model for impinging injectors is extended by considering the coupling of the jet impingement process and the ambient gas field. The new coupled model consists of the plain-orifice sub-model, the jet-jet impingement sub-model and the droplet collision sub-model. The parameters of the child droplet are determined with the jet-jet impingement sub-model using correlations about the liquid jet parameters and the chamber conditions.The overall model is benchmarked under various impingement angles, jet momentum and offcenter ratios. Agreement with the published experimental data validates the ability of the model to predict the key spray characteristics, such as the mass flux and mixture ratio distributions in quiescent air. Besides, impinging sprays under changing ambient pressure and non-uniform gas flow are investigated to explore the effect of liquid rocket engine chamber conditions. First, a transient impingement spray during engine start-up phase is simulated with prescribed pressure profile. The minimum average droplet diameter is achieved when the orifices work in cavitation state, and is about 30% smaller than the steady single phase state. Second, the effect of non-uniform gas flow produces off-center impingement and the rotated spray fan by 38°. The proposed model suggests more reasonable impingement spray characteristics than the uncoupled one and can be used as the first step in the complex simulation of coupling impingement spray and combustion in liquid rocket engines.     

国产材料疲劳寿命分布参数α的初步估计

 <正> The fatigue-tested data of home-made materials and simple structure data are collected, which consist of 488 groups of 2705 specimens for aluminum alloys ; 313 groups of 1798 specimens for alloy steels) 79 groups of 389 specimens for titanium alloys. The shape parameter a of two-parameter Weibull distribution is estimated with maximum-likelihood estimation method and the preliminary estimation of a is given. In this study, the estimated parameters of home-made materials coincide with the parameters of overseas materials and the parameters a suggested by the literature can be applied to home-made material, too. This work also studies the effects of stress concentration factor ranges of fatigue life and tensile strength of materials on the values of a.     

Microstructure evolution of a hypereutectic Nb–Ti–Si–Cr–Al–Hf alloy processed by directional solidification

In this work, the Nb–14Si–24Ti–10Cr–2Al–2Hf–0.1Y alloy(at.%) was processed by the liquid–metal-cooled directional solidification(DS) at 1750 C with withdrawal rates of 1.2, 6,18 mm/min and post heat treatment(HT) at 1450 C for 10 h. The microstructures of the directionally solidified and heat treated samples were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of directionally solidified alloy mainly consists of petaloid Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics and Ti-rich Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics. With the increase of withdrawal rate, the primary Nb5Si3is eliminated, Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectic cells turn round and connected with the microstructure refinement and Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics turn to a river-like morphology. After heat treatment,Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics disappeared and petaloid Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics turn to a specific fiber-mesh structure gradually, which is promoted by higher withdrawal rates. Furthermore,both the volume fraction of Cr2Nb and the content of Cr in Nbssof Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics change regularly with the increase of withdrawal rate and heat treatment at 1450 C for 10 h.     

激光超高温度梯度快速凝固条件下Cu-Mn合金的组织演化规律

利用CWCO2激光器对Cu-26.6wt%Mn,Cu-27.3wt%Mn和Cu-31.4wt%Mn三种不同成分的合金进行了一系列表面熔凝实验,并对这三种合金的组织形态选择规律进行了研究.实验结果表明,重熔区组织较基体组织大大细化;随着生长速度的增大,Cu-26.6wt%Mn合金的组织由低速胞晶向枝晶、高速胞晶及完全无偏析固溶体转变.在所有凝固速度下Cu-27.3wt%Mn和Cu-31.4wt%Mn合金中没有枝晶组织出现,以全胞晶形式生长.三种合金达到绝对稳定的临界速度分别为113.3,212.6和260.5mm/s,与M-S理论预言的绝对稳定临界速度相吻合.     

强磁场对Al-40％Cu合金中Al2Cu析出相的影响

在10T强磁场下进行了Al-40％ Cu(质量分数)合金重熔凝固实验,并用金相分析方法研究了磁场对凝固组织的影响.实验结果表明,Al-40％Cu合金在10T强磁场中凝固时,析出相Al2Cu形成与磁场方向成一角度的规则排列的平面层状组织.理论分析认为:由于Al2Cu晶体在不同方向的磁化率不同,在磁场中受到磁力矩的作用而转...     

落管中Ni-Pb偏晶型合金的快速凝固组织特征及形成机制

Ni基偏晶合金是一种优良的自润滑耐磨材料,其组织形成规律对力学性能的影响十分关键.在自由落体条件下,对不同成分二元Ni-Pb偏晶型合金的快速凝固进行了实验研究.随着液滴直径的减小,Ni-20%Pb亚偏晶合金中α-Ni枝晶生长经历"粗大枝晶→等轴晶→蠕虫状枝晶"的转变.Ni-31.4%Pb偏晶合金的凝固组织以偏晶胞为主,...     

Cr在Ti-Al-Cr合金抗高温氧化过程中的作用研究

研究了 Ti-50 Al,Ti-50 Al-1 5Cr,Ti-4 5Al-1 5Cr和 Ti-67Al-8Cr(原子百分数 )合金在 90 0～ 1 0 0 0℃下的高温氧化性能。结果表明 :Ti-50 Al-1 5Cr,Ti-4 5Al-1 5Cr和 Ti-67Al-8Cr均表现出优良的抗氧化性能,氧化后表面主要是 α-Al₂O₃及少量的 TiO₂ 组成。Ti-50 Al-1 5Cr,Ti-67Al-8Cr和 Ti-4 5Al-1 5Cr合金良好的抗高温氧化性能归于 Cr在合金抗氧化过程中起到了吸氧效应的作用。另外发现对于 Ti-50 Al-1 5Cr和 Ti-67Al-8Cr均发生了 950℃时的氧化增重比 1 0 0 0℃时的氧化增重大,这是由于 Cr的加入使 Ti的活性降低的缘故。     

激光熔化沉积TA15+Ti_2AlNb合金的组织与力学性能

将TA15和Ti_2AlNb合金粉末以不同比例预混,采用激光熔化沉积工艺,制备出40%TA15+60%Ti_2AlNb,50%TA15+50%Ti_2AlNb,60%TA15+40%Ti_2AlNb(质量分数)3种比例的合金薄壁,分析了薄壁的成分、组织及力学性能。结果表明:3种沉积薄壁的成分分布均匀,合金由α相、α2相及β/B2相组成,针状α相和α2相呈网篮状分布在初生β/B2晶粒内部;3种合金的抗拉强度分别为1108 MPa,1071 MPa,1105 MPa,断裂伸长率分别为3.0%,2.2%,3.8%;拉伸断口可见沿α2相撕裂产生的撕裂棱,断裂方式均为准解理断裂。     

TiNiPd高温形状记忆合金相变温度与相变滞后的研究

回顾了在 Ti Ni二元系合金基础上发展起来的 Ti Ni-X三元系高温形状记忆合金及 Ni Al系高温形状记忆合金。重点研究了 Ti Ni Pd系合金成分、相变温度和相变滞后的关系。结果表明 :当 Pd的原子百分数大于3 3 %,相变点的增加尤为显著,Pd的原子百分数提高 1 %,将导致合金的相变温度升高 2 0℃,当 Pd的原子百分数为 4 0 %时,Ms点可达 3 79.8℃。温度滞后ΔT随 Pd含量的增加基本不变,只是在 Pd原子百分数达到4 0 %时ΔT略有增加。相变热ΔH随 Pd含量增大呈线性增加,非常明显     

Mo含量对Mo-Ni-B堆焊合金组织和性能的影响

设计制备了Mo-Ni-B系合金粉块新材料,采用TIG堆焊工艺在Q235钢基体上制备Ni基三元硼化物堆焊合金。研究了合金粉块中Mo含量对三元硼化物堆焊合金层组织、物相、硬度、耐磨性、耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,堆焊金属主要由三元硼化物Mo2M’B2、Mo Ni4、Mo5(B、Si)3、γ-(Fe,Ni,Mo,Cr)等相组成;Mo含量对堆焊合金的显微组织有较大影响;随着合金粉块中Mo含量的增加,堆焊合金和三元硼化物的显微硬度均明显下降;在所研究堆焊合金中,Mo 44.18%的耐蚀性最好,Mo 37.53%的堆焊合金的耐磨性能是Q235钢的27.7倍。     

快速凝固Mg-5Zn-1Y-0.6Zr合金腐蚀性能的研究

研究了快速凝固Mg-5Zn-1Y-0．6Zr合金在3．5％NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。利用金相显微镜、SEM观察了合金的微观组织和腐蚀形貌。结果表明,快速凝固使合金产生非晶相、晶粒细化及微观组织均匀,均对耐腐蚀性能提高起到作用。在室温下,腐蚀速率随时间先增大,随后逐渐减小。XRD分析表明腐蚀后的主要产物是Mg（OH）2。通过极化曲线测试,表明合金耐蚀性能随冷却速率的提高而改善。     

Sc和Zr复合微合金化在Al—Mg合金中的存在形式与作用

研究了微量Sc和Zr复合合金化对Al Mg合金显微组织与拉伸性能的影响。结果表明 :Sc和Zr复合微合金化可显著提高Al Mg合金的强度。Al Mg Sc Zr合金凝固过程中形成的初生Al3 (Sc ,Zr)复合粒子具有极强的晶粒细化作用 ,次生Al3 (Sc,Zr)质点与Al Mg Sc合金中次生Al3 Sc质点相比析出密度大大增加、分布更加均匀弥散、抑制再结晶的能力更为强烈。Sc和Zr复合微合金化大大促进了微量Sc在Al Mg合金中的强化作用。由于Zr的价格比Sc便宜很多 ,采用Sc和Zr复合微合金化可减少铝合金中Sc的加入量 ,从而降低合金的成本。