新型Co基合金Co-9Al-(9-x) W-xMo-2Ta-0.02B的显微组织与高低温力学性能

以新型Co基合金Co-9Al-9W-2Ta-0.02B成分为基础,分别添加了原子分数为2％、4％、6％、9％的Mo元素替代W（分别称2Mo、4Mo、6Mo、9Mo合金,W+Mo的原子分数为9％,无Mo添加的称为0Mo合金）,研究了Mo元素对合金相组成、显微组织形貌、维氏硬度和高低温压缩强度的影响.结果表明铸态合金由Co...     

Evolution mechanism of lamellar α and interlayered β during hot compression of TC21 titanium alloy with a widmanstätten structure

TC21 titanium alloy, as an important metal to fabricate the aircraft structural components, has attracted great attentions recently. A TC21 titanium alloy with widmanstätten structure was isothermally compressed. Based on the microstructure observation, the evolution of initial β grain, Grain Boundary α phase (α_GB), lamellar α and interlayered β was systematically investigated. The results showed that, with the increasing of height reduction, the α_GB underwent an evolution process from bending/kinking to breaking inducing the corresponding blurring of initial coarse β grain outline. Meanwhile, a significant phase transformation from α to β took place at the terminations of broken α_GB. The evolution of lamellar α and interlayered β in the colony was closely related to their deformation compatibility. In the α colony, the interlayered β experienced a larger deformation amount than lamellar α. The higher distortion energy promoted the occurrence of Dynamic Recovery (DRV) and Dynamic Recrystallization (DRX) to generate many Low Angle Boundaries (LABs) and High Angle Boundaries (HABs) in interlayered β, which induced an apparent grain refinement of β phase. On the contrary, the lower distortion energy and low deformation temperature suppressed the occurrence of DRV/DRX and restrained the globularization of lamellar α. Furthermore, the microstructure observation clearly revealed that the shearing separation mechanism dominated the evolution of the α phase from lamellar to short bar-like morphology.     

激光熔化沉积TA15+Ti_2AlNb合金的组织与力学性能

将TA15和Ti_2AlNb合金粉末以不同比例预混,采用激光熔化沉积工艺,制备出40%TA15+60%Ti_2AlNb,50%TA15+50%Ti_2AlNb,60%TA15+40%Ti_2AlNb(质量分数)3种比例的合金薄壁,分析了薄壁的成分、组织及力学性能。结果表明:3种沉积薄壁的成分分布均匀,合金由α相、α2相及β/B2相组成,针状α相和α2相呈网篮状分布在初生β/B2晶粒内部;3种合金的抗拉强度分别为1108 MPa,1071 MPa,1105 MPa,断裂伸长率分别为3.0%,2.2%,3.8%;拉伸断口可见沿α2相撕裂产生的撕裂棱,断裂方式均为准解理断裂。     

Effects of B on the Microstructure and Oxidation Resistance of Nb-Ti-Si-based Ultrahigh-temperature Alloy

Nb-Ti-Si-based ultrahigh-temperature alloys concocted with boron ranging from 0 to 2 at% are prepared by arc-melting technology. The effects of adding boron on their as-melted microstructure and oxidation resistance are analyzed. The (Nb,Ti)ss, β-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ and γ-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ exist in Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf alloy, while (Nb,Ti)ss, α-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ and γ-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ are present in Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf-1B and Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf-2B alloys. The oxidation of Nb-Ti-Si-based ultrahigh-temperature alloys is dominated by the diffusion of oxygen through (Nb,Ti)ss. Compared to boron-free alloys, the boron-containing alloys have significantly lower oxidation rate when oxidized at 1 200 °C for less than 50 h, but, for more than 50 h, their oxidation resistance deteriorates.     

烧结温度对Mn-Zn铁氧体吸波性能的影响

研究Mn-Zn铁氧体的烧结温度对其微波吸收性能的影响,选用了5种烧结温度制备铁氧体,并对其作了X-射线衍射相组成分析。实验表明采用1500℃高烧结的铁氧体较其他温度下烧结的吸波性好。     

Mg-Zn-Zr-RE系镁合金的显微组织

 应用于航空工业中的MB15镁合金（Mg,5.0～6.0％Zn,0.5～0.9％Zr）为高强度变形镁合金。为进一步提高此合金的强度而添加稀土元素。本文报导含有Y及混合稀土的Mg-Zn-Zr-RE系合金的相组成及其微观形态的研究结果。 试验用合金的化学成分列于表1。表中MM为混合稀土,其中主要元素La10.76％,Nd17.54％,Gd14.60％,Dy14.09％,Y26.88％,此外还有少量Ce、Pr、Ho、Er等。试样用材为铸锭及挤压型材,后者是铸锭经350℃加热2h后挤压而成。     

TiNiFeNb形状记忆合金的组织结构及相变特性

通过向TisoNiso合金中加入Fe和Nb元素,制备出一种四元Ti49Ni50-xFexNb1形状记忆合金.采用X射线衍射和背散射电子衍射的方法,测试和分析了合金的相结构及微观组织形态,采用电阻法系统研究了合金的相变特性.结果表明:Nb元素的加入并没有改变TiNiFe合金的B2结构,仅导致了广极少量的富Nb相在基体中析...     

BT16钛合金渗氢后的针状物生成及演化过程

为了深入了解渗氢对BT16钛合金组织的影响,以获得具有优良冷镦性能的组织,采用光学显微(OM)分析和X射线衍射(XRD)分析等方法,研究了BT16钛合金渗氢后的微观组织和相组成。结果表明：BT16钛合金在780 ℃渗氢的过程中发生了α+β相到β相的转变,冷却后生成了魏氏体组织,α相在不同通氢时间的试样中均存在,且含量随通氢时间的增加而降低,渗氢过程中出现了氢化物相。说明渗氢导致BT16钛合金α+β相到β相的临界转变温度降到800 ℃以下,氢含量影响了氢化物的存在形式,随着氢含量的增加,TiH相最先出现,随后出现TiH_1.5和TiH₂相,这些钛氢化合物均为针状。     

合金化及热处理对Fe_3Al合金组织和性能影响

研究了不同的热处理条件及添加Mn,Mo,Nb,Cr,V,RE（La-Ce）等合金元素对Fe3Al合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,Fe3Al合金在B2相区间保温淬火后的硬度值较小,在DO3相区短时间回火硬度值大幅增加,随回火时间延长硬度值呈降低趋势,在本实验的最长回火时间内（50h）硬度稍有提高;TEM分析表明,这与回火过程中DO3畴的尺寸变化有关;合金化后Cr和V的加入降低合金硬度,其它几种元素都提高了合金的硬度;SEM分析表明合金元素的作用机理不同：Cr软化了合金,Mo主要产生固溶强化,Mn、V、Nb加入后有第二相析出,RE元素主要偏析在晶界,细晶强化。     

Ti-22Al-25Nb合金剪切旋压过程中显微组织演化

通过剪切旋压试验,研究了旋压温度(910℃和1000℃)和减薄率(0、10%和30%)对Ti-22Al-25Nb合金显微组织的影响,探讨了旋压过程中的显微组织演化规律。结果表明:Ti-22Al-25Nb(原子数分数)合金旋压组织主要由α2相、B2相和O相组成,在旋压过程中,B2晶粒沿旋轮进给方向被拉长,且伴随有动态再结晶现象发生;温度主要影响Ti-22Al-25Nb合金中α2相与O相的尺寸和形貌,随着旋压温度的升高,O相片层逐渐变短并粗化,α2相趋向等轴化;变形量主要影响α2相体积分数与O相形貌,随着减薄率的增大,α2相体积分数逐渐减少,O相从片层状转变为短棒状。因此,Ti-22Al-25Nb合金剪切旋压过程中不仅发生晶粒变形与动态再结晶现象,更涉及复杂的相变行为,组织控制困难。     

过渡金属元素 X（X ＝W，Mo，Cr）对 RuAl合金抗氧化性影响的机理

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,通过计算 RuAl 合金氧化物 Al2 O3和 RuO2的氧化能,考察过渡金属元素 X （X ＝W,Mo,、Cr）加入到 RuAl 合金后的占位及对氧化物 Al2 O3和 RuO2的结构稳定性影响。研究表明：经过渡金属元素 X 合金化后,Al2 O3和 RuO2的氧化能均有所增大,增大 Al2 O3氧化能的顺序为：W ＞Mo ＞Cr;增大 RuO2氧化能的顺序为：Mo ＞Cr ＞W,且 RuO2氧化能增大幅度大于 Al2 O3。通过态密度、电荷密度等因素的分析,阐明了 W 对提高 RuAl 抗氧化性能的根本原因是降低了 Al-O 和 Ru-O 的共价键特性,增加了 Al-O 和 Ru-O 的离子键特性;金属元素 X（X ＝W,Mo,Cr）可阻碍 RuAl 金属化合物发生内氧化过程,有利于在 RuAl 表面层的横向方向上形成连续性致密的 Al2 O3氧化层。     

热轧对Ti50Ni50-xAlx(x=1,2,4)形状记忆合金微观组织、相变和力学性能的影响

形状记忆合金的相变和力学性能受机械加工过程影响明显.在850℃下将Ti50Ni50-xAIx(x=1,2,4)形状记忆合金轧制成为板材.采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射对合金的微观结构研究表明:合金由NiTi相和Ti2Ni相组成,Al元素在Ti2Ni相中的固溶度比在TiNi相中高.差示扫描量热分析和电阻-温度测试表明...     

Phase Transformation and Microstructure of Ti50Ni48-xFe2Ndx Shape Memory Alloys

The influences of rare earth element Nd on the phase transformation and the microstructure of Ti₅₀Ni_48−xFe₂Nd_x shape memory alloys are investigated by means of electrical resistivity, optical microscopy, electron probe microanalyzer, and X-ray diffraction. The results show that TiNiFe alloys with different Nd contents exhibit two-step martensitic transformation. The start temperature of martensitic transformation increases sharply from 212 K to 267 K when 0.1 at.% Nd is added in, and then decreases gradually if Nd content further increases. The microstructure of TiNiFeNd quaternary alloys consists of TiNi matrix, Ti₂Ni second phase, and Nd₃Ni intermetallic compound. The spherical Nd₃Ni precipitate-particles evenly disperse in the matrix.     

铝锂合金及其在航天工业上的应用

综述了铝锂合金发展的三个阶段及三个阶段铝锂合金的性能特点。重点阐述了Cu、Li等主合金元素以及Mg、Ag、Zn、Mn、Sc、Zr、In和稀土Ce等微合金化元素在第三代铝锂合金中的合金化作用;这些微合金化元素可改变合金中原有析出相的尺寸、形状、分布,或促使新的强化相析出,也可以细化晶粒、控制再结晶。总结了铝锂合金在航天工业中的应用实践及在将来的应用计划。     

掺Mg对Bi Pb Sr Ca Cu O体系中110K超导相生成的影响

用固相反应法合成了名义组分为Bi_xPb_ySr₂Ca_1.7Mg_0.3Cu_zO_w的块状超导体。根据直流电阻和交流磁化率测量的结果,给出了在7个不同温度下烧结的6个组分化合物的超导临界温度。在833℃到843.3℃范围内,110K相对80K相的体积比随着烧结温度的提高而增加。分析了断口形貌。对110K相的生成有影响的Pb和Bi在样品中的剩余量受烧结温度和时间的控制。Bi Pb Sr Ca Mg CuO体系之所以能在较低烧结温度下形成超导相是由于掺Mg造成了部分熔点的降低。     

Effects of Nb Content on Yield Strength of NiTiNb Alloys in Martensite State

Two near single-phase NiTiNb alloys—Ni₅₀Ti₄₈Nb₂ and Ni_49.5Ti_46.5Nb₄—are prepared and studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile tests in order to unearth the effects of Nb-atom solid solution in NiTi phase on the yield strength induced by self-accommodation of martensite variants. The results show that the yield strength of near single-phase NiTiNb alloys varies inversely with the amount of Nb-atoms solid-dissolved in NiTi phase. From the results out of the prior and current studies, it can be surmised that the effects of Nb content on the yield strength of NiTiNb alloys in martensite state depend on the coaction. Nb solid solution weakening mechanism and β-Nb phase composite strengthening mechanism. This inference might be a satisfactory explanation to the fact that the yield strength of (NiTi)_50–0.5xNb_x alloys in martensite state begins with decline and then rises when the Nb content increases.     

冷却速率对TC21合金相变行为的影响

采用末端淬火法研究了TC21合金自β相区冷却后冷却速率对合金相变和显微组织的影响,对取自末端淬火试样的不同区域试样进行了OM、XRD、TEM及显微硬度分析。结果表明:冷却速率大于122℃/s时,β相转变形成正交马氏体α″,冷速介于122℃/s和3℃/s之间时,发生块状转变,冷速继续降低,相变由扩散控制,形成两种不同形貌的魏氏体α片层:较平滑的α片层和较曲折的α片层;随冷却速率的降低,合金的显微硬度先增大后降低,冷却速率小于8℃/s后,显微硬度迅速降低。     

Combustion mechanism of fluorinated organic compound-modified nano-aluminum composite particles: Towards experimental and theoretical investigations

Fluorinated Organic Compounds (FOCs) are commonly used as modifiers for Aluminum (Al) powder to improve its ignition, combustion, and agglomeration characteristics. However, the effects of FOCs on combustion and inhibition mechanisms of agglomeration of Al powder are not well understood. In this paper, based on the experimental study of Fluorinated Graphite (FG)-modified Al matrix composite particles, the combustion and aggregation inhibition mechanisms of FOCs on Al particles were studied by the quantum chemical calculation at B3LYP/6-311+G(d,P) and G3//B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) levels. The flame behavior and single particle burning behavior of FG-modified samples were compared through ignition experiments, and the characteristic spectra of Al related oxides of different samples in the initial ignition stage were captured. It is found that FG increases the burning intensity of Al composite samples significantly, while it decreases the emission intensity of Al secondary oxides. Quantum chemical calculation results show that the thermal decomposition intermediates of FOCs, namely C₂F₄, can react with AlO and Al₂O, which weakens the characteristic emission intensity of AlO and Al₂O in the sample, and thus inhibits the formation of Al₂O₃ in the combustion process. These results contribute to enriching the combustion dynamics model of Al-FOCs reaction system.     

Thermospheric X-Ray and Euv Heating by the Young Sun on Early Venus and Mars

In view of the low H₂O abundance in the present Venusian and Martian atmospheres several observations by spacecraft and studies suggest that both planets should have lost most of their water over the early active period of the young Sun. During the first Gyr after the Sun arrived at the Zero- Age-Main-Sequence high X-ray and EUV fluxes between 10 and 100 times that of the present Sun were responsible for much higher temperatures in the thermosphere-exosphere environments on both planets. By applying a diffusive-gravitational equilibrium and thermal balance model for investigating radiation impact on the early thermospheres by photodissociation and ionization processes, due to exothermic chemical reactions and cooling by CO₂ IR emission in the 15μm band we found expanded thermospheres with exobase levels between about 200 km (present) and 2000 km (4.5 Gyr ago). The higher temperatures in the upper atmospheres of both planets could reach “blow-off” conditions for H atoms even at high CO₂ mixing ratios of 96%. Lower CO₂/N₂ mixing ratio or higher contents of H2O vapor in the early atmospheres could have had a dramatic impact from the loss of atmosphere and water on both planets. The duration of this phase of high thermal loss rates essentially depended on the mixing ratios of CO₂, N₂, and H₂O in the early atmospheres and could have lasted between about 150 and several hundred Myr.     

真空吸铸TiAl基合金组织研究

利用金属型真空吸铸技术获得了TiAl基合金薄板件,并研究了该铸件的铸态组织以及合金元素对其组织的影响。实验结果表明:由于金属型的强制冷却作用,金属型真空吸铸的Ti-47Al合金薄板铸件铸态组织细小,平均晶粒尺寸在60μm左右;W元素的添加有利于B2相的形成,从而细化组织,其机理是B2相阻碍了α晶粒长大;Si元素添加生成的Ti5Si3相,主要分布在晶界处,形成的Ti5Si3第二相质点会阻碍TiAl基合金凝固过程中组织的长大,有利于细化TiAl基合金组织。