基于FPGA的雷达信号模拟、采集与处理系统

介绍了基于FPGA设计并实现了一种雷达信号模拟、采集与处理的系统。系统主要由计算机和带有双路高速A/D和双路高速D/A的信号处理卡组成。信号处理卡以FPGA为核心控制与处理芯片,主要完成雷达信号模拟、雷达信号处理和雷达信号采集等功能,与计算机通讯使用USB2.0接口,采用数据抽取、坐标查表映射和DirectDraw等技术在计算机显示器上以P显和A显方式进行实时显示。该系统提供在线配置功能,用户可通过USB接口对FPGA程序进行配置或升级,无须专用配置芯片,简化了电路板设计,提高了系统的灵活性。     

基于梳状谱发生器的毫米波相参脉压模拟器

研制了一种基于梳状谱发生器的全相参脉冲压缩毫米波雷达目标射频回波模拟器。通过与被测雷达共用基准频率参考信号,结合梳状谱发生器及DDS,保证了输出信号和雷达发射信号的相参性和快速频率跳变,实现较好的相位噪声性能和杂散抑制。该系统输出为Ka波段,带宽2GHz,步进100kHz,相位噪声小于一80dBc@1kHz,跳频时间小于2μs。     

微机械梳状驱动音叉陀螺的误差源研究

定性地讨论了微机械梳状驱动音叉陀螺特有的一些误差源,主要有微机械结构的 Ｂｒｏｗ ｎｉａｎ 噪声、电路噪声、机械耦合误差及电子机械耦合误差等。对上述误差源的认识是微结构制造和电路设计的基础。     

用三维欧拉方程计算机身与机翼绕流

本文用Jameson的三维欧拉方程有限体积法、四步Runge-Kutta时间推进格式,计算机身和大后掠细长机翼的三维可压缩绕流。对钝头机身,用C-O型网格;尖头机身与大后掠细长机翼用H-O型网格。本文介绍钝头旋成体、带座舱前机身和三角翼绕流的计算结果,显示流场等值M线分布,计算压强系数分布与实验比较,以及三角翼大迎角分离涡等。由于用了隐式残值光顺等加速收敛措施,有效地减少推进步数,节省机时。     

Combining Computer and Video Data in Spacelab Experiments

An IBM-PC compatible interface card has been developed to combine computer generated digital data with analog video in real-time. The I/O mapped, memory-mapped board can multiplex the digital data anywhere in the active field of an RS170 video signal. The interface can be used when there is a need to combine video and digital data.     

微型涡轮发动机综合测控系统设计

针对微型涡轮发动机测控要求,设计了集试车、控制系统半物理模拟、电动供油试验功能于一体的综合测控系统.各传感器调理信号并接到测控计算机与电子控制器;电子控制器通过串口接受测控计算机操纵指令,并采集p₂进行转速间接闭环控制.详细介绍了转速测量方法、电动油泵(pulse width modulation,PWM)驱动设计,并分析、设计了发动机控制律.测试软件以Lab Windows/CVI为平台,采用多线程技术设计.应用表明,系统结构简单、试验效率高,可为同类发动机研发提供支持.      

航空发动机电子控制系统的小型化SIP技术

针对电子装备小型化的需求,开展了对航空发动机电子控制系统的系统级封装(SIP)技术研究.以一个航空发动机电子控制系统设计为例,采用芯片堆叠结构,将多个裸芯片管脚用键合线引至电路衬底上的连接点,辅以印制板电路,构成完整的电路系统.通过设计优化和信号完整性仿真分析来控制信号质量,试验验证了在保证电路板信号质量的情况下,采用SIP技术,面积缩小约80%,质量减少约70%.研究显示系统级封装技术是未来航空电子控制系统小型化、高可靠的发展方向之一.      

基于广义Kalman估计的机载雷达高精度控制系统

 研究了在某型现役机载雷达系统中, 采用广义Kalman 滤波器方法来预估目标机的俯仰角和方位角,产生跟踪目标用的雷达天线驱动信号, 替代传统的速率陀螺测量元件来补偿本机机动所造成的扰动的方法,同时对探测信号本身所具有的延迟起到了补偿作用。对目标的运动采用直角坐标系中的Singer 模型描述, 而对测量信号则是应用极坐标系中的描述, 采用广义Kalman 滤波器来完成估计, 即在每一步的估计和控制中对计算测量方程进行线性化结果, 实现两种坐标系的转换。通过应用Matlab/ Simulink 软件对整个系统的建模、设计及仿真研究, 得到了满意的结果。     

Vertical Path Guidance Computer

A low-cost airborne computer which provides a multiangular glide path for the landing problem is independent of ILS or GCA methods. A barometric altitude signal is divided by slant-range information from a DME interrogator. The resulting ground-based angle is subtracted from the selected approach angle to provide the displayed departure from the glide path. Angular and lineal outputs are available. DME station position may be electrically offset to serve all airdrome runways. Theoretical and experimental results are presented     

基于软件无线电的机会信号实时盲分离系统

在复杂的电磁环境中,往往存在多种频率交叠的机会信号,为利用机会信号进行定位增加了难度。针对这个问题,提出了一种基于软件无线电的机会信号实时盲分离系统。系统的硬件部分是在FPGA中实现等变自适应盲分离算法的,实现了AD采集后的复数域混合信号的分离。分离后的信号通过USB3.0数据线上传到上位机中进行存储、识别和实时显示。算法的FPGA实现采用流水线架构和浮点运算设计来提高信号的实时处理能力和数据计算精度。实测结果表明,该系统能够实时分离多路复数域混合机会信号。     

Multi-objective approach in GNSS code discriminator design

In spread spectrum ranging system receivers such as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, a discriminator is used in the code tracking loop to provide an error signal for the tracking of incoming signals. Typically, the discriminator manipulates several correlator outputs to form the correction signal. A multi-objective approach is adopted here to design the coefficients associated with a multi-correlator-based discriminator to lead to a better performance tradeoff in large tracking range, acceptable multipath-induced bias, high sensitivity, free of ambiguity, and small variance. It is shown that the multiple-objective problem can be tackled via a quadratic/linear programming method, rendering the optimal coefficient vector for the implementation of the discriminator. In addition, as the discriminator design is often subject to conflicting requirements, it is shown that the proposed design approach is capable of establishing bounds on achievable performance. Examples with respect to BPSK (binary phase-shift keying) NRZ (nonreturn-to-zero), and BOC (binary-offset carrier) signals are given to illustrate the design approach.     

A Superlimiting Phased-Array Receiving System in a Two-Source Environment

The performance of a uniformly spaced phased-steered line array with element channel superlimiting is studied for far-field sources consisting of 1) two sinusoidal signals with different frequencies and angular locations, and 2) a sinusoid and a noise signal at different angular locations. Attention is focused on the nonlinear case where internal noise is negligible compared to both input signals. The analysis for the two-sinusoid case gives the precise frequencies, positions, and amplitudes of all apparent sources. In addition to the two active sources, the array output has an array of images arranged symmetrically in sine space about the larger input, at intervals equal to the spacing between the two active sources. For the case of a separated sinusoid and a noise source, the analysis shows that the angular positions and average powers of the array outputs duplicate the double-sinusoid results, but the images have noise-like spectra. The analyses are confirmed by experimental results obtained with a 60-element superlimiting X-band array.     

环控计算机研制及应用

在现代飞机中,环控系统的作用非常重要,而环控计算机是其核心部件,其功能是将来自环控系统各个部分的传感器和超温恒温器信号进行采样、记录和处理,然后输出控制信号到各执行部件,完成系统各控制通道的控制及保护功能;同时,在计算机工作出现故障时有一定措施保证系统的安全。本文对环控计算机的主要功能、技术指标、技术特点及应用等方面作了阐述。     

微电脑可编程序控制器在火箭发动机实验中的应用

本文通过“可编程序控制器”在固体火箭发动机实验中的应用,控制方案的比较与选择及典型程序分析,介绍了这种新型控制机的独特优点.说明在实现火箭发动机实验室、实验站、试车台的自动控制方面,可取代继电接触器、顺序控制器、步进控制器等,优于计算机(单片机、单板机、STD工业总线标准控制机).是一种理想的机电一体化的自动控制方向.     

Phase-Shift-Keyed Signal Detection with Noisy Reference Signals

This paper derives and graphically illustrates the performance characteristics of Phase-Shift-Keyed communication systems where the receiver's phase reference is noisy and derived from the observed waveform by means of a narrow-band tracking filter (a phase-locked loop). In particular, two phase measurement methods are considered. One method requires the transmission of an auxiliary carrier (in practice, this signal is usually referred to as the sync subcarrier). This carrier is tracked at the receiver by means of a phase-locked loop, and the output of this loop is used as a reference signal for performing a coherent detection. The second method is self-synchronizing in that the reference signal is derived from the modulated data signal by means of a squaring-loop. The statistics (and their properties) of the differenced-correlator outputs are derived and graphically illustrated as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio existing in the tracking filter's loop bandwidth and the signal-to-noise ratio in the data channel. Conclusions of these results as well as design trends are presented.     

传导干扰研究

传导发射是沿电源线或信号线传输的电磁发射,在低频范围内,传导发射是电磁干扰的主要形式。如不采取措施,几乎所有的电子、电气设备电源线的传导发射都得超标,若将这些设备安装在飞机上,它将严重地威胁着机上其他设备的正常工作。本文对各种脉冲波形的频谱进行了比较,并对整流器的谐波发射进行了分析,最后介绍了降低传导发射的设计方法。     

一种高动态低信噪比卫星导航信号捕获方法

为提升高动态低信噪比环境下卫星导航信号的捕获性能,提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT)及部分匹配滤波(PMF)的捕获方法。在该方法中,接收机首先利用PMF对接收信号做分段相干积分,随后借助快速傅里叶变换(FFT)对分段积分结果做离散快速FrFT,最后通过检测FrFT输出的峰值完成信号的捕获。由于具有多普勒频率变化率的卫星导航信号在FrFT后呈现能量聚焦特性,所提方法能够显著提高信号的长时间相干积分增益。同时对所提算法的捕获概率、平均捕获时间以及算法复杂度等性能指标进行了理论分析及计算机仿真验证。仿真表明,与传统的PMF-FFT方法相比,所提方法能够通过延长相干积分时间的方式有效提升高动态低信噪比卫星导航信号的捕获概率、降低捕获时间。     

Synthesis Techniques for a Class of SSB-AM-PM Signals

This paper develops synthesis techniques for a particular type of single-sideband sinusoidal carrier which is phase modulated by a subcarrier. Mathematical expressions for signal efficiency, sensitivity of design to parameter variation, and ratio of peak to average power are derived and incorporated in a computer program. Given the desired power ratios for modulated signal components, the program solves for the corresponding modulation parameters and evaluates signal efficiency, design sensitivity, and peak to average power ratio. A sample signal design is presented for clarity.     

飞机地面空调车自动温度控制系统设计

本文论述了飞机地面空调车自动温度控制系统的研究与开发。介绍了空调车的设计要求、功能及其原理。阐述了空调车动力系统和空调系统、环境参数对空调车温度及其稳定性的影响。该系统包括电源部分、信号检测、单片机及控制电路四部分。该系统是以单片机AT89C55为基础、采用电压/频率转换技术、具有计算机通讯功能的智能控温系统。     

飞机纵向非线性系统的鲁棒输出跟踪控制器设计

研究了单输入单输出非线性不确定系统的鲁棒输出跟踪控制。在标称系统可输入/输出线性化、不确定性项有界且满足广义匹配条件的情况下,可得到系统的高增益鲁棒输出跟踪控制器。鲁棒控制器仅依赖于设计参数和不确定性的界。将该方法应用于飞机纵向高阶非线性动态的控制器设计,并进行了数字仿真。结果表明了该方法的有效性。