中国空间探测领域40年发展

中国空间科学学会成立的40年，是中国空间探测逐渐走进世界舞台的40年，空间探测极大推动了空间科学和相邻学科的发展，也影响到经济、军事和日常生活诸多方面.本文简要回顾了从空间探测专业委员会成立的1980年至今，中国空间探测领域的主要发展历程，包括探空火箭、高空气球、科学卫星、月球与行星探测、载人航天空间探测、遥感卫星地面站等主要项目、进展和所取得的成果，对未来若干年空间探测的发展进行了展望.      

详细化学反应机理对预混丙烷钝体熄火模拟影响

航空发动机熄火预测是重要关键问题之一，湍流和化学反应的非线性相互作用使预测非常困难。本文采用大涡模拟（LES）对湍流进行高精度模拟，采用概率密度函数输运方程湍流燃烧模型（TPDF）耦合JL4、Z66和H73三种化学反应机理，对预混丙烷钝体熄火现象和规律进行研究。JL4的反应机理最简单，反应释热快，局部放热高，火焰宽度大，火焰两侧温度梯度大，燃烧更加趋于稳定，无法模拟出熄火状态。H73机理绝热火焰温度低，火焰温度低，回流区中部OH含量高；在近熄火状态，大量CO被氧化，释放热量过高导致无法模拟出熄火现象。Z66机理可以模拟出火焰正常状态，在低当量比下也可以模拟出熄火状态。本文算例中，局部Da数大于1的区域超过35%则会发生熄火。     

基于工程教育专业认证背景下地方特色院校“金课”建设的研究与探索

"金课"作为一项新提出不久的概念,许多重点院校和地方特色院校已经着手打造了一部分精品课程,主要是一些开放性课程和文法类课程,原因是这一类课程思维发散,教学手段多样,可以运用现代化信息技术手段采取线上线下教学模式。但是教育部推出的"金课"建设不单单只是针对于这些类课程,对于工科专业的课程建设,也需要打造"金课",尤其是以工程教育专业认证的标准和理念打造地方特色院校"金课",是我们这些地方特色工科院校需要重点研究和探索的。本文的研究重点在于如何把工程教育专业认证的理念与课程建设有机融合体现工科"金课"的"四性"。     

升力体式浮升混合飞艇多学科设计优化

升力体式混合飞艇是全球远距离大载重运输的重要选择，随着全球贸易的发展，逐渐成为国内外的研究热点。作为航空宇航技术、新能源技术和高性能材料技术相结合的新概念飞行器，混合飞艇设计过程需对多个学科进行综合考虑和优化。为了将多学科设计优化（MDO）方法引入到混合飞艇的总体设计中，将其分解为能源子系统、气动和推进子系统以及结构和重量子系统。在子系统模型构建的基础上，提出具有自适应能力的基于响应面的并行子空间优化（CSSO-RS）算法，将重量平衡和能量平衡作为实现远距离载重运输的约束条件，并提出爬升、日间巡航、滑翔和夜间巡航的多阶段任务剖面，以充分利用太阳能电池、燃料电池和锂电池的优势，实现混合飞艇的最优化设计。优化结果表明:具有自适应能力的优化算法在精确度和计算效率上均有明显的优势，同时重量分配的结果也为混合飞艇结构轻量化设计和能源系统设计提出了更高的要求。      

Orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamics of tethered solar power satellite

A new orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamic model of the tethered solar power satellite (Tethered SPS) is established based on absolute nodal coordinate formulation. The Hamilton’s equation of the system is derived by introducing generalized momentum through Legendre transformation. The correctness of the proposed model is verified by an example. The dynamic characteristics of the Tethered SPS are studied using the symplectic Runge-Kutta method. Simulation results show that the orbital radius and the total energy of the system are well preserved. The attitude of the system is unstable when the mass of the bus system is small. However, the attitude stability is dependent on some other parameters of the system, which requires further studies. It is also found that the average tether force/deformation can be roughly estimated by simplifying the solar panel as a particle. The proposed model can be used to study the orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamics and control problems.     

Effect of matching between the magnetic field and channel length on the performance of low sputtering Hall thrusters

Discharge characteristics of a non-wall-loss Hall thruster were studied under different channel lengths using a design based on pushing a magnetic field through a double permanent magnet ring. The effect of different magnetic field intensities and channel lengths on ionization, efficiency, and plume divergence angle were studied. The experimental results show that propellant utilization is improved for optimal matching between the magnetic field and channel length. While matching the magnetic field and channel length, the ionization position of the neutral gas changes. The ion flow is effectively controlled, allowing the thrust force, specific impulse, and efficiency to be improved. Our study shows that the channel length is an important design parameter to consider for improving the performance of non-wall-loss Hall thrusters.     

在片校准标准件基底边界条件影响

通过分析国内外校准标准件物理边界条件，研究不同校准基底的物理边界条件对共面波导（CPW）传输线特性和校准准确度的影响。研制了W波段砷化镓衬底的多线TRL在片校准标准件，将在片校准标准件分别放置在金属卡盘、玻璃片、吸波材料三种校准基底上。用三种不同校准基底的校准标准件对试验装置校准后，分别提取了CPW传输线的衰减常数、相对介电常数和特征阻抗，并对商用校准标准件104-783A的短路标准和传输线标准进行了测试，验证了结果的合理性。     

面向快速响应产品的星上目标定位及识别方法

针对遥感卫星星上目标的定位及识别，本文面向快速响应应用需求，首先对星上目标定位及识别工作模式进行研究，总结出狭义和广义两种模式，其次重点对像方-物方坐标双向定位算法进行梳理，并针对典型地物目标星上自动识别算法提出研究思路，最后给出算法的应用方法流程。本文研究为快速响应产品星上智能处理提供方法参考。     

弱引力下小行星动量驱动机器人的可控跳跃行为

以小行星表面着陆探测为背景,提出一种动量驱动机器人(MoRo)以满足弱引力复杂环境下的探测需求。该机器人利用弱引力环境下的摩擦和碰撞特性,通过主动辨识环境参数,规划和控制动量轮以产生期望的驱动力矩,完成可控性跳跃及腾空后的稳定拍照等任务。首先,基于MoRo的动量轮刹车机构特性,分析了MoRo在弱引力环境下的跳跃机理并对其跳跃方式进行了规划;接着考虑动量轮驱动机构三闭环伺服系统的非线性特性,基于Herze碰撞模型和Karnopp摩擦模型建立了MoRo在小行星表面的跳跃行为动力学模型;其次,使用机器学习算法建立环境参数和MoRo运动的函数关系,并基于环境参数规划动量轮转速实现跳跃距离和腾空高度的可控。最后,通过数值仿真校验了MoRo跳跃规划方法和控制方法的可行性。     

Orbital stability close to asteroid 624 Hektor using the polyhedral model

We investigate the orbital stability close to the unique L4-point Jupiter binary Trojan asteroid 624 Hektor. The gravitational potential of 624 Hektor is calculated using the polyhedron model with observational data of 2038 faces and 1021 vertexes. Previous studies have presented three different density values for 624 Hektor. The equilibrium points in the gravitational potential of 624 Hektor with different density values have been studied in detail. There are five equilibrium points in the gravitational potential of 624 Hektor no matter the density value. The positions, Jacobian, eigenvalues, topological cases, stability, as well as the Hessian matrix of the equilibrium points are investigated. For the three different density values the number, topological cases, and the stability of the equilibrium points with different density values are the same. However, the positions of the equilibrium points vary with the density value of the asteroid 624 Hektor. The outer equilibrium points move away from the asteroid’s mass center when the density increases, and the inner equilibrium point moves close to the asteroid’s mass center when the density increases. There exist unstable periodic orbits near the surface of 624 Hektor. We calculated an orbit near the primary’s equatorial plane of this binary Trojan asteroid; the results indicate that the orbit remains stable after 28.8375?d.