随机扰动情况下绳系卫星状态保持阶段的最优控制

在考虑系绳弹性的情况下, 建立绳系卫星轨道面内运动的动力学模型, 并在系统平衡位置线性化, 得到绳系子星在随机扰动作用下的稳态保持状态方程. 引入基于卡尔曼滤波的状态估计方法和最优状态反馈控制策略, 提出了保持系统稳态运行的控制方法, 并以YES2空间系绳试验为参考模型设计了稳态保持控制系统. 分别在不考虑系绳弹性和考虑系绳弹性的系统模型下进行相应仿真分析, 结果表明所提出的控制方法能使系统具有良好的抗干扰性能, 系绳控制张力变化平缓且幅值小, 提高了系统状态保持阶段的可靠性和安全性. 同时系绳刚度系数的减小可使系绳纵向振动加剧, 但对横向摆动影响较小, 这为选取合适的系绳材料提供了理论参考.      

某系留气球抗风性能仿真分析

系留气球以其显著特点已应用到许多领域,今后还会有大的发展。因所处环境的风力对飞行稳定性影响较大,故抗风能力成为系统重要指标。针对无法用实验手段进行验证的空中工作姿态,一般采取计算机仿真方法进行模拟研究。介绍了系留气球的设备组成,描述了空中飞行状态,通过建立动力学模型的数学方程式,施加1-consine型离散突风模型扰动,仿真了空中球体的俯仰角和滚转角随扰动时间的关系曲线,并对结果曲线进行分析研究,以期为同型系留气球的设计方法提供某种借鉴,为浮空器使用安全提供帮助。     

Dynamical analysis of a spinning solar sail

This paper discusses the orbit and attitude dynamics of a solar sail, and gives the sufficient conditions of a stable orbit and attitude coupled system. The stability of the coupled system is determined by the orbit stability and attitude stability. Based on the sufficient conditions, a spin-stabilized solar sail of cone configuration is proposed to evolve in the heliocentric displaced orbit. For this kind of configuration, the attitude is always stable by spinning itself. The orbit stability depends on the orbit parameters of the heliocentric displaced orbit, the ratio of the orbit radius to displaced distance and orbit angular velocity. If the center of mass and center of pressure overlap, it can be proved that the coupled system is stable when the orbit parameters are chosen in the stable region. When the center of mass and center of pressure offset exists, the stability of the coupled system can not be judged. A numerical example is given and the result shows that both the orbit and attitude are stable for the case.     

绳系卫星释放及工作态动力学分析

考虑强系卫星系统强索质量的影响，导出三维空间动力学方程，运用Pontryagin极小值理论求出释放过程中张力优化控制规律；得到最佳释放速度变化曲线，对子星工作阶段进行动力学分析。讨论系统质心沿椭圆轨道运动与姿态运动的耦合，文中附有算例。     

Coordinated control of tethered space robot using mobile tether attachment point in approaching phase

Tethered space robots (TSRs) have wide applications in future on-orbit service owing to its flexibility and great workspace. However, the control problem is quite complex and difficult in the phase of approaching target, and the fuel consumption must also be taken into account. Hence, we present a novel scheme of achieving coordinated orbit and attitude control simultaneously for the TSR. Space tether, which can provide greater force compared with the thruster force, is used in the design of the orbit and attitude coordinated controller. A coordinated control mechanism is designed to provide attitude control torques of the pitch and yaw motions by adjusting the position of the mobile tether attachment point, while the roll motion is stabilized by the thruster. In order to guarantee this mechanism to work properly, constant tether tension strategies are utilized to plan an optimal approaching trajectory which is tracked by the coordinated controller of tether force and thruster force. Numerical simulation validates the feasibility of our proposed coordinated control scheme for TSR in the approaching phase. Furthermore, fuel consumption of the orbit and attitude control are both significantly reduced compared with traditional thruster control.     

绳系卫星系统耦合振动频率的确定

将N(N≥2)体绳系卫星系统的各节系绳分为足够多的小段,如共有M-1段,每小段上的系绳张力可认为是常量。这样由N 体问题转化来的M 点问题即可逼真系绳张力沿系绳的变化。利用中间连接点的边界条件,M 点边界值问题可简化为等效的两点边界值问题,从而平面内耦合振动频率的求解归化为四阶行列式的求值。由绳系卫星系统运动中心概念推导出的每小段系绳张力的平均值,被用于系统振动频率的求解。并给出一套适合于编制计算程序的求解轨道平面内耦合振动频率的数学表达式,以及一组模拟计算结果。     

Stewart平台卫星动力学建模与姿态指向一体化控制

针对Stewart平台卫星大范围快速机动后的指向控制问题,提出了考虑翼板柔性的Stewart平台卫星动力学建模与姿态指向一体化控制方法。对考虑柔性翼板的Stewart平台卫星的动力学建模与主动控制进行了研究,采用力学基本原理和混合坐标法建立系统的刚柔耦合精确动力学模型,并提出一种同时考虑平台载荷指向与隔振的协同控制方案。数值仿真结果表明,所建立的动力学模型能够准确地描述系统的动力学行为,所提控制方案能够有效提高卫星平台的姿态指向精度。与未施加控制的情况相比,该方案能够将支撑杆的变形量减少到千分之一,从而保证了结构安全。此外,还分析了翼板柔性对Stewart平台卫星姿态控制的影响,结果表明翼板柔性对下平台姿态精度有较大影响,对上平台姿态精度影响较小。     

Approaching control for tethered space robot based on disturbance observer using super twisting law

Approaching control is a key mission for the tethered space robot to perform the task of removing space debris. But the uncertainties of the TSR such as the change of model parameter have an important effect on the approaching mission. Considering the space tether and the attitude of the gripper, the dynamic model of the TSR is derived using Lagrange method. Then a disturbance observer is designed to estimate the uncertainty based on STW control method. Using the disturbance observer, a controller is designed, and the performance is compared with the dynamic inverse controller which turns out that the proposed controller performs better. Numerical simulation validates the feasibility of the proposed controller on the position and attitude tracking of the TSR.     

挠性卫星轨控期间动力学与姿态控制

卫星轨道控制期间,轨道控制推力会激振挠性太阳帆板,从而也影响卫星的姿态。用拉格朗日方程建立了带有大型太阳帆板的卫星动力学模型,分析了卫星质心运动、姿态运动与挠性振动的耦合关系。根据姿态控制推力器的输出特性,设计了轨道控制期间卫星姿态控制方案。通过数学仿真验证了轨道控制推力对挠性帆板与卫星姿态的影响,验证了轨控期间姿态控制方案的有效性。     

Adjustable box-wing model for solar radiation pressure impacting GPS satellites

One of the major uncertainty sources affecting Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite orbits is the direct solar radiation pressure. In this paper a new model for the solar radiation pressure on GPS satellites is presented that is based on a box-wing satellite model, and assumes nominal attitude. The box-wing model is based on the physical interaction between solar radiation and satellite surfaces, and can be adjusted to fit the GPS tracking data.     

基于非线性干扰观测器的航天器相对姿轨耦合控制

针对带挠性附件的服务航天器在近距离逼近失控目标航天器时的控制问题，考虑由于推进安装偏差导致的姿轨耦合，通过选用相对位置和相对姿态四元数作为状态向量，建立了服务航天器与失控目标航天器的相对位置和姿态动力学方程。考虑服务航天器的挠性附件影响，挠性振动可以视为位置和姿态控制系统微分有界的干扰。基于反馈线性化方法提出了非线性反馈控制律，设计了非线性干扰观测器，用于补偿可建模干扰，并基于所提非线性反馈控制律和非线性干扰观测器设计了复合控制器，其中非线性干扰观测器用于补偿挠性附件产生的干扰。数字仿真及半物理实物闭环验证表明，利用所设计的复合控制器能够有效补偿干扰，同时在对失控目标航天器跟踪时具有很好的鲁棒性。      

对失效卫星特征点的自适应位姿跟踪控制

为满足对失效卫星上某个特征点位置悬停的同时使追踪星上敏感器指向该特征点,展开了对失效卫星特征点与追踪星间相对动力学建模与控制的研究。在追踪星本体坐标系下建立了六自由度相对位姿动力学模型,并结合失效卫星上特征点的运动规律,给出追踪星的期望跟踪位置和期望跟踪姿态。考虑到追踪星质量、转动惯量、系统所受扰动力、扰动力矩及失效卫星转动惯量的不确定性,设计了复合自适应位姿跟踪控制律,并通过Lyapunov法证明了闭环系统稳定性。对输出受限情况,采取设计控制参数调节过程及输出限幅措施。在仿真条件下,系统在自适应控制律下能够以位置误差约1cm、姿态误差约0.01°完成位姿跟踪任务;增大不确定参数偏差后,位置跟踪误差增至约7cm,姿态误差增至约0.1°;对控制参数进行调节后,可在不影响跟踪精度的条件下在指定范围内限制输出幅值,将幅值限制在指定范围内,并减小控制所需冲量的9%和冲量矩的30%。     

充液航天器大角度机动自适应无源控制

研究了基于自适应无源控制的三轴稳定充液航天器大角度姿态机动问题.将液体晃动等效为黏性球摆模型，利用动量矩守恒定理推导出充液航天器耦合动力学方程.针对陀螺故障及无陀螺配置导致航天器姿态无角速度测量的情况，同时考虑存在外部未知干扰、转动惯量不确定性以及液体晃动位移不可测量的特性，设计自适应输出反馈无源控制，其中自适应更新律用于补偿外部未知干扰和估计液体晃动的位移变量.利用Lyapunov方法和LaSalle不变引理，证明该控制律不但可以保证闭环系统渐进稳定，而且可以保证二个期望平衡位置均达到稳定.仿真结果验证了本文控制方法的有效性.      

小卫星的自适应姿态控制

分析了小卫星的姿态动力学及运动学方程；利用姿态动力学方程为一动力学参数矢量的线性函数这一事实，考虑存在参数不确定性，提出了一种自适应控制方法；证明了这种方法可以保证控制系统全局渐近稳定。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

Attitude stability criteria of axisymmetric solar sail

Passive attitude stability criteria of a solar sail whose membrane surface is axisymmetric are studied in this paper under a general SRP model. This paper proves that arbitrary attitude equilibrium position can be designed through adjusting the deviation between the pressure center and the mass center of the sail. The linearized method is applied to inspect analytically the stability of the equilibrium point from two different points of views. The results show that the attitude stability depends on the membrane surface shape and area. The results of simulation with full dynamic equations confirm that the two stability criteria are effective in judging the attitude stability for axisymmetric solar sail. Several possible applications of the study are also mentioned.     

敏捷卫星控制分系统动中成像姿态机动模式的集成测试方案设计

摘要： 动中成像姿态机动模式作为敏捷卫星一种新的工作模式,具有机动过程复杂、姿态实时变化、指标要求更高的特点,原有的集成测试环境和测试方法难以对其进行有效验证,针对这一问题,设计了分系统集成测试方案.该方案对分系统集成测试环境的主控机、动力学模型和数据分析系统进行设计,实现了基于任务的自主测试、目标姿态计算模型和可视化测试功能,对测试方法中的机动模式的典型测试工况和指标测试进行了研究.测试结果表明,该方案可有效验证控制分系统姿态机动功能的正确性和指标符合情况,为开展分系统集成测试提供了思路.     

基于动态故障树的卫星可靠性分析

针对卫星系统的可靠性问题，提出了一种基于动态故障树的卫星可靠性分析方法。采用马尔可夫链和二元决策图相结合的分析方法，建立卫星的电源、姿轨控和推进3个分系统的动态故障树模型，在此基础上得到卫星的随机故障模型，并综合考虑损耗故障建立卫星可靠性模型。利用蒙特卡洛仿真对随机故障模型进行评估分析，并将其与Weibull分布模型进行性能比较，仿真结果表明该方法能够有效分析卫星的随机故障，具有计算精度高、效率高的优点，并能更有效地模拟卫星部件随机故障的动态行为。     

Neural network-based sliding mode control for atmospheric-actuated spacecraft formation using switching strategy

This paper presents an adaptive neural networks-based control method for spacecraft formation with coupled translational and rotational dynamics using only aerodynamic forces. It is assumed that each spacecraft is equipped with several large flat plates. A coupled orbit-attitude dynamic model is considered based on the specific configuration of atmospheric-based actuators. For this model, a neural network-based adaptive sliding mode controller is implemented, accounting for system uncertainties and external perturbations. To avoid invalidation of the neural networks destroying stability of the system, a switching control strategy is proposed which combines an adaptive neural networks controller dominating in its active region and an adaptive sliding mode controller outside the neural active region. An optimal process is developed to determine the control commands for the plates system. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by a Lyapunov-based method. Comparative results through numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of executing attitude control while maintaining the relative motion, and higher control accuracy can be achieved by using the proposed neural-based switching control scheme than using only adaptive sliding mode controller.     

星载大型反射面天线的刚-柔-姿控一体化在轨振动分析方法

随着大型可展开环形天线在航天器上的应用,口径越来越大,指标更加严格,卫星姿控、轨控、太阳翼驱动等导致的机械运动必然会引起大型反射面天线的振动,从而造成电性能降低,影响任务完成质量。提供了一种获取大型环形天线在轨振动影响的刚–柔–姿控一体化分析方法,建立了集扰动源、整星刚柔耦合动力学模型、姿态控制系统、天线振动影响分析的一体化仿真分析模型,实现了在典型扰动模式下的环形天线的振动响应计算、环形天线整体指向和变形计算。分析结果为天线在轨振动影响分析、性能指标预示、振动传递机理及抑制措施提供支持。     

对于动态目标的航天器鲁棒PD+快速跟踪控制方法

摘要：针对卫星对于空间动态目标快速、稳定地跟踪、控制目标，同时考虑平台模型的不确定性、外部随机干扰、系统控制力矩与角速度约束等因素，设计PD+控制器实现对于动态目标的快速、稳定跟踪；在经典PD控制器的基础上设计控制添加项使得系统能够按照既定轨迹运动；采用变结构的手段实现系统收敛速度的提升；合理设计Lyapunov函数的结构，引出角速度、四元数的耦合项对V函数进行改良，简化系统稳定性证明与分析的过程；讨论系统最极端情形，通过对V函数上下界的讨论分析系统该情形下的稳定性；最后通过数值仿真验证所提出算法的有效性与优越性.