中国科学探测与技术试验卫星

为了先期试验航天任务急需的新技术 ,以及开展空间环境探测与空间科学研究 ,中国在研制卫星初期就开始发展科学探测与技术试验卫星系列。从 2 0世纪 70年代至今 ,中国先后研制和发射了实践 -1、 2 ( SJ-1、 2 )卫星群、 SJ-4及 SJ-5卫星 ,初步形成了 SJ科学探测与技术试验卫星系列。在充分利用东方红 -1卫星技术的基础上 ,在距东方红 -1卫星发射成功不到 1年的时间里 ,发射了科学探测与技术试验卫星系列的第 1颗卫星 ,即 SJ-1。2 0世纪 80年代初 ,中国进行了一箭多星技术试验 ,即利用 1枚运载火箭将 3颗卫星送上天 ,这 3颗卫星分别是 S…     

中国空间天文40周年

过去40年中国空间天文学研究取得了巨大的发展.尤其是近10年内发射了数颗天文卫星，未来几年还将有一些天文卫星计划发射.本文简要回顾了国际空间天文学的发展历程.对中国空间天文学过去40年的发展进行了回顾和总结，包括1970年代第一颗天文卫星计划、气球空间天文探测、基于载人航天工程的空间天文实验以及天文卫星等.此外，介绍了中国空间天文项目，并对未来10年中国空间天文学研究进行了展望.      

2020年全球重要空间科学发射任务

2020年全球重要的空间科学发射任务约10次，主要集中在行星科学，包括4次火星探测和1次月球探测。中国GECAM卫星、欧洲太阳轨道探测器以及嫦娥五号和火星探测等任务都计划发射升空，为开展空间引力波研究、太阳爆发机制、行星起源和演化等科学前沿取得发现奠定重要物质技术基础。      

2021年世界重要空间科学发射任务

2021年全球重要的空间科学发射任务逾10次，主要是美欧的空间天文、月球和深空探测任务，我国也将发射首颗空间地球科学卫星“广目”。此外，多个中外载人航天任务亦将为空间科学与探索搭建新的平台。      

中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心50周年所庆公告

2008年10月,中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心(简称空间中心)将迎来50华诞。值此喜迎所庆之际,我们谨向多年来关心和支持空间中心发展的各级领导、海内外所友、社会各界人士和朋友致以衷心的感谢!斗转星移,春华秋实。在50年的变革与发展中,空间中心为我国第一颗人造卫星东方红一号、实践系列卫星、载人航天工程、地球空间双星探测计划和月球探测一期工程等重大任务的圆满成功     

空间科学任务及其特点综述

人类进入太空以来已经发射了近1万个人造航天器,其中大约10%执行的是空间科学和探测任务.近年来中国经济快速发展,提供了更多的基础研究经费,经济转型也对创新驱动发展提出了更高需求,中国对空间科学的投入开始逐年增加.2015年以来先后成功发射了悟空号、实践十号、墨子号和慧眼号4颗科学卫星,天宫2号空间实验室也成功实施了一系列空间科学实验.重要科学发现和成果正在不断地产出.空间科学卫星任务（或称计划）与应用卫星从提出到评价都有很大不同,因此有必要对其所具有的特点进行分析,从而引导空间科学界从科学团队、技术团队到管理团队提高认识,确保未来的空间科学任务发挥最大效益,获得最大科学产出.      

空间天气早知道——"探测"系列科学卫星

2003年12月30日发射的中国探测一号卫星和2004年7月25日发射的中国探测二号卫星是“地球空间双星探测计划”（简称“双星计划”）的两颗卫星。所谓“双星计划”就是发射2颗探测地球磁层空间的卫星进入赤道轨道和极地轨道组成“双子星座”，运行于目前国际上地球空间探测卫星尚未覆盖的重要活动区，主要用于研究太阳活动、行星际磁层空间暴和之灾害性地球空间天气的物理过程。[第一段]     

中国空间太阳物理40年

中国空间科学学会成立的40年也是中国空间太阳物理从起步到发展的40年.本文简要回顾了从1980年前后到2020年中国空间太阳物理的主要历程，尽可能涵盖期间推动的主要项目、进展和所取得的成果.并对未来若干年中国空间太阳物理的发展进行了展望.      

技术水平有提高空间天气早知道"探测"系列科学卫星展新貌

2003年12月30日发射的中国探测-1卫星是"地球空间双星探测计划"(简称"双星计划")中的第1颗卫星,运行在赤道轨道.2004年7月25日,"双星计划"的第2颗卫星--探测-2由长征-2C改进型火箭送入地球极轨道.这2颗探测地球磁层空间的卫星分别运行于目前国际上地球空间探测卫星尚未覆盖的重要活动区,主要用于研究太阳活动、行星际磁层空间暴和灾害性地球空间天气的物理过程.     

探测-2卫星发射升空

2004年7月25日,中国地球空间双星探测计划的第2颗卫星——探测-2卫星由改进型长征-2C火箭发射升空。探测-2是极轨卫星,主要探测太阳风能量和近地磁尾区能量向极区电离层和高层大气,以及电离层粒子向磁层传输的过程。它升空后和探测-1相互配合,构成星座式独立探测体系,对地球空间暴发生机制和发展规律进行立体探测。探测-2卫星发射升空@夏光     

中国空间生命科学40年回顾与展望

我国空间生命科学的探索起源于20世纪60年代，1981年随着空间生命专业委员会的正式成立，依托此专业的学术交流平台，空间生命科学进入多学科并进多机构建设的新阶段.随着中国载人航天及空间探索研究的深入发展，以分支学科或重大问题为牵引，我国在空间生命科学的几个重要领域取得了一系列关键成果.本文从发展历程、研究成果、平台模型、重大项目与后续展望等方面综述了我国空间生命科学40年的发展历程与标志性成果，为后续发展提供借鉴与参考.      

Science Researches of Chinese Manned Space Flight

With the complete success of the 2nd stage of Chinese Manned Space Program (CMSP), several science researches have been performed on Tiangong-1 experimental spacelab, which was docked with three Shenzhou spaceships one after another. The China's real spacelab, Tiangong-2 will be launched in 2015, docked with a Shenzhou spaceship soon. After six months, it will be docked with the first Chinese cargo ship (Tianzhou-1). More space science researches, involving with space biology, fluid physics, fundamental physics, materials science, Earth science, astronomy and space environmental science, will be operated on Tiangong-2 spacelab, and crewed and cargo spaceships. Furthermore, the considerable large-scale space utilization of Shina's Space Station is planned. The research fields include yet not limited to space medicine and physiology, space life science and biotechnology, fluid physics and combustion in microgravity, space material science, and fundamental physics in microgravity, space astronomy, Earth science, space physics and space environment utilization, technology demonstration.      

Toward a global space exploration program: A stepping stone approach

In response to the growing importance of space exploration in future planning, the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Panel on Exploration (PEX) was chartered to provide independent scientific advice to support the development of exploration programs and to safeguard the potential scientific assets of solar system objects. In this report, PEX elaborates a stepwise approach to achieve a new level of space cooperation that can help develop world-wide capabilities in space science and exploration and support a transition that will lead to a global space exploration program. The proposed stepping stones are intended to transcend cross-cultural barriers, leading to the development of technical interfaces and shared legal frameworks and fostering coordination and cooperation on a broad front. Input for this report was drawn from expertise provided by COSPAR Associates within the international community and via the contacts they maintain in various scientific entities. The report provides a summary and synthesis of science roadmaps and recommendations for planetary exploration produced by many national and international working groups, aiming to encourage and exploit synergies among similar programs. While science and technology represent the core and, often, the drivers for space exploration, several other disciplines and their stakeholders (Earth science, space law, and others) should be more robustly interlinked and involved than they have been to date. The report argues that a shared vision is crucial to this linkage, and to providing a direction that enables new countries and stakeholders to join and engage in the overall space exploration effort. Building a basic space technology capacity within a wider range of countries, ensuring new actors in space act responsibly, and increasing public awareness and engagement are concrete steps that can provide a broader interest in space exploration, worldwide, and build a solid basis for program sustainability. By engaging developing countries and emerging space nations in an international space exploration program, it will be possible to create a critical bottom-up support structure to support program continuity in the development and execution of future global space exploration frameworks. With a focus on stepping stones, COSPAR can support a global space exploration program that stimulates scientists in current and emerging spacefaring nations, and that will invite those in developing countries to participate—pursuing research aimed at answering outstanding questions about the origins and evolution of our solar system and life on Earth (and possibly elsewhere). COSPAR, in cooperation with national and international science foundations and space-related organizations, will advocate this stepping stone approach to enhance future cooperative space exploration efforts.     

Space Life Science of China in 2013

In the past two years, space life science research in China is characterized by a wide area of basic researches for providing foundation for the future China Space Station. The effect of microgravity and radiation was further studied from physiology phenomena to the level of bio-molecule mechanisms. Chinese space life science is maturing in a new era of comprehensive development. Here, we review and summarize researches on space life sciences which were contributed by Chinese scientists.      

Strategic Priority Program on Space Science

In 1957, the launch of the first artificial satellite ushered in a new era for modern space science.The past 50 years' developments in China's space science have witnessed many major missions, and substantial progress has been achieved in space science study, exploration technology as well as experiment technology. Strategic Priority Program on Space Science was officially started in 2011. Through both self-developed space science missions and those with international cooperation,it is expected that the innovative breakthroughs will be realized, leapfrog development of related high-tech will be achieved to establish the important strategic status of space science in national development. To sum up, the implementation of the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science will definitely promote the rapid development of China's space science endeavor, making contributions to China's development and the progress of human civilization.      

嫦娥工程技术发展路线

月球是距离地球最近的天体,以其独特的空间位置、广阔的科学探索前景,成为人类地外天体探测和资源利用的首选目标和持续选择。简要总结世界各主要航天大国的探月发展历程和后续计划,详细介绍了我国探月工程(嫦娥工程)"绕""落""回"三步走的发展思路和技术路线,分析了后续的发展方向,提出了2030年前月球机器人科研站任务设想。     

SPACE LIFE SCIENCE IN 2000-2001

Chinese scientists studied some of the problems in the field of space life science and achieved success in the area during 2000-2001. Space biological experi ments were carried out in the orbit and the results of ground studies on protein crystallization, space radiation, space motion sickness were introduced in this paper. The influences of simulated weightlessness on the brain-function, the car diovascular, endocrine hormones, immunity, skeletal and muscle systems were presented. In addition, gravity medicine and space environment medicine, as well as countermeasures to space deconditioning, such as the traditional Chinese medicine, were also reported.     

中国航天医学进展

航天医学是随着载人航天事业的发展而兴起的一门特种医学学科、随着人类对太空的不断探索，从学科创建至今的短短几十年时间取得了巨大的发展，我国的载人航天工程于20世纪90年代初启动，但航天医学发展的历史却可追溯到50年代末，特别是近10年来，我国载人航天工程的启动为航天医学的发展带来了重大机遇，目前，我国首次载人航天飞行已获圆满成功，首飞航天员也已安全、健康地重返地球，航天医学专家们与航天员一同经受住了首次载人航天飞行的考验、本文简要介绍了我国航天医学的基础研究和应用研究，以及取得的进展，并展望了今后将面临的挑战和机遇。     

Space Life Science of China

With the human space exploration activities, space life science is an emerging interdiscipline, which covers a wide range of researches. Based on our country's manned space station and recoverable satellite science experimental platform, the development of space life science research is very important to acquire new knowledge or new technological innovation, to give further services to the human space exploration activities, to improve the national economic and social development. Both ground-based and flight applied studies were continuously performed in the previous 2 years. Here, we review and summarize the researches on space life sciences contributed by Chinese scientists.