中国空间探测领域40年发展

中国空间科学学会成立的40年，是中国空间探测逐渐走进世界舞台的40年，空间探测极大推动了空间科学和相邻学科的发展，也影响到经济、军事和日常生活诸多方面.本文简要回顾了从空间探测专业委员会成立的1980年至今，中国空间探测领域的主要发展历程，包括探空火箭、高空气球、科学卫星、月球与行星探测、载人航天空间探测、遥感卫星地面站等主要项目、进展和所取得的成果，对未来若干年空间探测的发展进行了展望.      

中国空间太阳物理40年

中国空间科学学会成立的40年也是中国空间太阳物理从起步到发展的40年.本文简要回顾了从1980年前后到2020年中国空间太阳物理的主要历程，尽可能涵盖期间推动的主要项目、进展和所取得的成果.并对未来若干年中国空间太阳物理的发展进行了展望.      

空间生命科学与航天医学学术研讨会

中国空间科学学会空间生命科学专业委员会、中国宇航学会航天医学工程专业委员会于１９９９年８月７－８日在长春市联合举办了学术研讨会，８位学者做了学术报告．国家８６３计划空间站专家组组长范剑峰教授做了专题报告，介绍了有关未来空间站的发展设想和可能工作模式．专业委员会主任魏金河研究员在介绍了美国空间生物学和航天的新发展战略后，提出了我国空间生命科学未来发展的建议．与会代表一致认为，这次会议以我国空间站发展要求为依据，目标明确，为将来科研项目的确定，统一了思想、明确了方向．这种将专家咨询和学术讨论相结合的…     

空间生命科学与航天医学工程学术研讨会召开

中国空间科学学会空间生命专业委员会、中国宇航学会航天医学工程专业委员会联合学术研讨会于２００１年７月１８日至２１日在北京平谷召开，会议旨在给近年来空间生命科学与航天医学工程两领域的实验研究成果提供展示空间，并对发展前景提出可行性设想，以此推动学科发展。大会做了关于２１世纪我国航天医学的需求与发展、发展具有中国特色的受控生态生命保障系统等报告，其中有综述，有研究报告，还有对今后工作发展的建议，内容全面丰富。会议较圆满，并达到了预期目的。空间生命科学与航天医学工程学术研讨会召开     

中国返回式卫星的搭载任务—空间生命科学试验

自１９８７年以来，为充分利用中国返回式卫星的剩余载荷能力，有计划地以搭载形式进行了一系列空间科学和技术试验，取得了较好的效果，文章简要介绍了在空间生命科学试验方面取得的成果。     

高光谱遥感成像技术的发展与展望

地表形态和目标特性是空间对地遥感的两个重要问题.经过近40年的发展，高光谱遥感技术已取得了巨大的进展，从数据获取、处理到应用都积累了大量成果.作为涉及多学科交叉的年轻学科，高光谱遥感技术的发展经历了一个以需求为导向，在发展中又不断探索完善需求的历程.高光谱成像仪作为获取目标图谱数据的重要仪器，其发展对于整个高光谱遥感的发展至关重要.本文分析了国内外不同类型高光谱成像仪的成像体制及应用案例，得出了近40年来高光谱成像仪发展历程所展现出的技术特点，结合当前发展现状，对未来高光谱成像仪的发展趋势，尤其是核心指标的提升和技术体制拓展进行了综合展望，以期为该领域的后续研究提供一些思路，同时为相关领域的科技规划提供参考.      

控制力矩陀螺发展与应用研究

摘要： 控制力矩陀螺(CMG)是航天器的重要姿态控制执行机构，以输出力矩大、精度高、不消耗工质等特点广泛应用于高分辨率对地观测卫星，以及空间站、空间实验室等大型航天器.近年来，随着微小型化的实现，CMG逐步装备了敏捷微小卫星，并将应用领域拓展到了在轨操作与服务，实现空间机械臂动量补偿，在轨组装角动量匹配等功能.在舰船减摇，交通工具自平衡上，CMG也展现了特有的优势.本文对CMG的发展和应用情况进行了介绍，总结了其发展趋势与研究热点，为后续研究工作提供借鉴.     

中国空间天文40周年

过去40年中国空间天文学研究取得了巨大的发展.尤其是近10年内发射了数颗天文卫星，未来几年还将有一些天文卫星计划发射.本文简要回顾了国际空间天文学的发展历程.对中国空间天文学过去40年的发展进行了回顾和总结，包括1970年代第一颗天文卫星计划、气球空间天文探测、基于载人航天工程的空间天文实验以及天文卫星等.此外，介绍了中国空间天文项目，并对未来10年中国空间天文学研究进行了展望.      

中国空间地球科学发展现状及未来策略

空间地球科学是以空间对地观测为主要信息获取手段，研究地球系统的各圈层及之间的相互作用、过程与演变，对地球进行系统研究的综合性交叉学科.为纪念空间科学学会成立40周年，本文系统回顾了中国空间地球科学的发展历程，分析当前面临的机遇与挑战，进而提出中国空间地球科学未来发展的建议.      

国际空间站智能在轨运行进展及启示

空间站作为近地空间的大型平台，具备长期飞行与空间科学探索能力.随着在轨任务的不断增加，高效空间站在轨运行管理成为挑战性的难题.人工智能与航天技术的深度融合，使得空间站在轨运行逐步向智能化发展，航天器在轨运行智能化已成为必然趋势.本文对国际空间站（International Space Station，ISS）在轨智能化发展历程进行了深入分析，调研人工智能技术在其健康管理、任务规划与调度、任务操作和人机交互中的应用，以期对未来中国空间站的智能在轨运行提供启示.      

Space Life Science of China

In the past two years, China's space life science has made great progress. Space biomedical and life science programs have carried out ground-based research for the first batch of projects, and are preparing to carry out space-based experiments along with the construction of China's space station. And space life science payload of the space station completed the development of positive samples. Thus, with the development of lunar exploration and Mars exploration projects, astrobiology research has also made a lot of basic achievements. On the basis of summarizing the development of space life science in China, this paper mainly introduces the important progress of payload technology and life science research.      

Space Life Science of China in 2015

With the human space exploration activities, space life science is an emerging interdisciplinary and it covers a wide range of research. Based on our country's manned space station and recoverable satellite science experimental platform, the development of space life science research is very important to acquire new knowledge or new innovation in technology, to give further services to the human space exploration activities, to improve the national economic and social development. Based on present situation, both theoretical and applied researches were continuously performed in 2015. Here, we review and summarize the researches on space life sciences which were contributed by Chinese scientists.      

Progress of Research on Origins of Life in China

The development of Chinese space science and technology plays a great role in promoting the researches in the field of the origin of life. With the multidisciplinary cooperation, there are fruitful achievements in this research field obtained over the past two years. This report summarizes the major progress of the basic researches about the origin of life in China during 2018-2020.      

Space Life Science of China

With the human space exploration activities, space life science is an emerging interdiscipline, which covers a wide range of researches. Based on our country's manned space station and recoverable satellite science experimental platform, the development of space life science research is very important to acquire new knowledge or new technological innovation, to give further services to the human space exploration activities, to improve the national economic and social development. Both ground-based and flight applied studies were continuously performed in the previous 2 years. Here, we review and summarize the researches on space life sciences contributed by Chinese scientists.      

Toward a global space exploration program: A stepping stone approach

In response to the growing importance of space exploration in future planning, the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Panel on Exploration (PEX) was chartered to provide independent scientific advice to support the development of exploration programs and to safeguard the potential scientific assets of solar system objects. In this report, PEX elaborates a stepwise approach to achieve a new level of space cooperation that can help develop world-wide capabilities in space science and exploration and support a transition that will lead to a global space exploration program. The proposed stepping stones are intended to transcend cross-cultural barriers, leading to the development of technical interfaces and shared legal frameworks and fostering coordination and cooperation on a broad front. Input for this report was drawn from expertise provided by COSPAR Associates within the international community and via the contacts they maintain in various scientific entities. The report provides a summary and synthesis of science roadmaps and recommendations for planetary exploration produced by many national and international working groups, aiming to encourage and exploit synergies among similar programs. While science and technology represent the core and, often, the drivers for space exploration, several other disciplines and their stakeholders (Earth science, space law, and others) should be more robustly interlinked and involved than they have been to date. The report argues that a shared vision is crucial to this linkage, and to providing a direction that enables new countries and stakeholders to join and engage in the overall space exploration effort. Building a basic space technology capacity within a wider range of countries, ensuring new actors in space act responsibly, and increasing public awareness and engagement are concrete steps that can provide a broader interest in space exploration, worldwide, and build a solid basis for program sustainability. By engaging developing countries and emerging space nations in an international space exploration program, it will be possible to create a critical bottom-up support structure to support program continuity in the development and execution of future global space exploration frameworks. With a focus on stepping stones, COSPAR can support a global space exploration program that stimulates scientists in current and emerging spacefaring nations, and that will invite those in developing countries to participate—pursuing research aimed at answering outstanding questions about the origins and evolution of our solar system and life on Earth (and possibly elsewhere). COSPAR, in cooperation with national and international science foundations and space-related organizations, will advocate this stepping stone approach to enhance future cooperative space exploration efforts.     

Space Life Science of China in 2013

In the past two years, space life science research in China is characterized by a wide area of basic researches for providing foundation for the future China Space Station. The effect of microgravity and radiation was further studied from physiology phenomena to the level of bio-molecule mechanisms. Chinese space life science is maturing in a new era of comprehensive development. Here, we review and summarize researches on space life sciences which were contributed by Chinese scientists.      

中国微重力科学研究回顾与展望

微重力科学主要研究微重力环境中物质运动的规律，以及不同重力环境中重力对物质运动的影响.中国微重力科学研究起步于20世纪60年代，兴起于80年代中后期，经过多年发展，目前已初具规模，在一些重要方向具有明显特色和一定优势.本文回顾了中国微重力科学研究的早期历程，评述了近年来中国微重力科学研究进展，特别是利用实践十号科学实验卫星、天宫二号空间实验室等空间平台开展的微重力科学与技术应用研究取得的最新成果，并对中国载人空间站时代微重力科学发展的前景予以瞻望，推动微重力科学与应用研究在中国的快速、可持续发展.      

An Outline of Investigation of Space Medicine Problem and Its Mechanism

The human exploration of space is one of the great voyages of discovery in human history. For over forty years space exploration, human have gotten more profound knowledge about outer space and life phenomena, ranging from understanding and recognizing space to adapting and utilizing space. With these development, space medicine that aimed at studying effect of space environment on human health and ensuring the safety, health and effective working of human in space exploration, will become increasingly improved and matured.The contents of research will develop from the early phenomena observation of the effect of space environment on human physiology and biochemistry, and the effect definition, to the study of the mechanism of changes of cell, molecule, and gene, from the passive adaptation for space environment to taking the initiative countermeasures, in order to ensure the safety, health and effective working of astronauts during space flight.Space practices in the past forty years have confirmed that a variety of physiological and pathological changes have been found for organism exposed to space flight. These changes include cardiovascular dysfunction, bone loss,muscle atrophy, decline of immune function, endocrine function disorder and space motion sickness. In recent years, more attention has been focused on the study of the mechanism of these changes, especially the effects of space environment on cell, molecule and its gene expression. With the demand of China's manned space engineering task and continuous development, a series of studies on medical problem caused by space environment have been carried out.