第四届微重力科学学术会议

第四届微重力科学学术会议于１９９９年９月２１－２４日在福建省厦门市举行．会议由微重力科学与应用专业委员会、中国科学院国家微重力实验室、攀登９５预－３４项目专家委员会、中国科技开发院（厦门）主办．会上宣读与交流论文１００篇．主要内容包括：微重力环境下基础物理研究，微重力流体物理，微重力燃烧和物理化学，空间材料科学，空间生物科学与技术，微重力实验及诊断技术等．充分展示了我国微重力科学与应用的最新研究成果．通过会议促进了微重力科学界不同领域学者之间的相互交流和讨论．除老一辈的科技工作者外，本次会议的一…     

A1CuMgZn单晶合金的空间凝固

重力对合金凝固过程与缺陷形成具有重要影响.在常规地面条件下难以清晰揭示凝固过程中的重力效应及其作用规律,而在微重力环境中重力对熔体的作用以及对凝固过程的影响大大降低.利用天宫二号空间实验并结合地面对比实验,研究AlCuMgZn单晶合金在微重力和重力环境下枝晶生长形貌和特征参数差异以及成分偏析和缺陷形成的异同,揭示重力对枝晶生长过程和成分偏析等现象的影响及其在凝固缺陷形成中的作用.     

抗磁性物质磁悬浮方法在空间生物学与生物技术中的应用

失重是特定空间运动条件下的重要环境物理特征之一, 一般以微重力环境来表示. 几十年来人类利用空间失重环境进行了多学科领域的科学研究与探索. 由于真实空间失重环境下科学实验机会稀少, 人类为研究空间失重环境或效应, 开发了多种地基的空间模拟实验技术方法. 然而, 对于空间生物学和空间生物技术研究而言, 已有的各种模拟实验技术手段在原理上和应用上均存在一定的局限性. 本文介绍了抗磁性物质在大梯度强磁场中的悬浮现象, 及将其用于模拟空间失重环境的方法与原理;简述了近年来利用抗磁性物质悬浮方法进行生物大分子晶体生长、分子细胞生物学及整体生物学等方面研究与应用的进展.      

碲化铋基热电半导体晶体空间生长

碲化铋基热电半导体是中低温区高性能热电材料,在热电致冷、电子器件精确控温领域获得了重要应用,且在更多领域具有广泛应用前景.碲化铋基材料通常采用区熔法制备,材料的性能优值ZT约为0.8.应用要求进一步提高其ZT值.合金化和掺杂优化是提高碲化铋基材料性能的有效途径,但会使得材料的化学成分越来越复杂.重力条件下区熔的固有问题是,重力导致的浮力对流和壁附效应凸显,使区熔碲化铋基材料成分和性能波动较大.空间微重力可以消除重力导致的浮力对流和壁附效应,有望提高碲化铋基材料的成分均匀性和热电性能.本文根据碲化铋基材料空间微重力下区熔生长研究状况,对实践十号科学实验卫星和天宫二号空间实验室将开展的碲化铋基材料空间微重力区熔生长研究进行了分析.      

首届微重力科学青年论坛在西安举行

2019年12月7-8日,由中国空间科学学会微重力青年委员会主办,西安交通大学和西北工业大学共同承办的首届微重力科学青年论坛在西安交通大学化学工程与技术学院举行.中国微重力科学与应用研究领域12家科研院所、高校及产业部门的青年学者和学生20余人参加会议.开幕式由微重力青年委员会副主任委员张永海副教授主持.魏进家教授首先致辞,欢迎各位专家和青年学者参会,强调了发展微重力科学与技术的重要意义,他殷切期望青年学者积极开展学术交流、科研合作和文化沟通,推进区域开放发展.赵建福研究员在发言中强调了微重力科学与应用研究的特点,希望充分利用微重力青年论坛这个平台,加强合作,增进友谊,推动微重力科学事业的发展.     

微重力池沸腾传热研究

对利用中国返回式卫星搭载开展的两次微重力池沸腾空间实验及地基常重力和落塔短时微重力实验的结果进行了评述. 研究发现微重力时丝状加热器沸腾传热会略有强化, 而平板加热器则在高热流条件下明显恶化. 微重力时, 气泡脱落前存在沿加热面的横向运动, 加剧了相邻气泡间的合并, 合并气泡会在其表面振荡作用下从加热面脱落. Marangoni 效应对于微重力气泡行为有重要影响.      

第九届全国微重力科学学术会议

正第九届全国微重力科学学术会议于2015年11月9至13日在中国厦门市召开.本届会议由中国空间科学学会微重力科学与应用研究专业委员会(NSMSA),厦门大学材料学院,中国科学院力学研究所、物理研究所与中国空间科学学会联合主办.全国微重力科学大会是中国空间科学学会微重力专业委员会自1993年开始,每隔两     

返回式卫星的华丽“转型”——我国首颗微重力实验卫星研制记

正作为我国首颗微重力科学实验卫星,实践十号卫星的使命是开展空间科学实验,研究、揭示微重力条件和空间辐射条件下物质运动及生命活动规律,这不仅具有较大的社会效益和经济效益,而且对推进我国空间领域的科学探索也有重要的意义。"及时雨"实践十号诞生恰逢其时提到返回式卫星,大家并不陌生,到2006年为止,我国共成功进行了24次返回式卫星的发射。通过这些任     

第五届中-日微重力科学研讨会召开

由中国空间科学学会微重力科学与应用研究专业委员会和日本微重力科学与应用学会联合主办的第五届中日微重力科学讨论会于2002年9月3至6日在甘肃省敦煌市举行.中方和日方各有40余名代表参加了会议.会上双方各有3篇邀请报告,两个分会场的报告共64篇（双方各32篇）.其中微重力流体物理和燃烧研究方面的报告24篇,微重力材料科学和热物理性质研究方面报告23篇,生命科学和生物技术研究报告10篇,实验技术和设备研究报告6篇,微重力科学培训和技术方面1篇.除了报告近年来中日双方在微重力科学领域取得的新研究结果之外,中方报告了今年3月末4月初在“神舟3号”飞船上所进行的微重力科学实验的一些初步结果.日方报告了准备2005年升空的国际空间站日本     

微重力环境下的表面张力及无接触测量

表面张力是材料重要的物理化学参数之一, 尤其在微重力条件下, 由表面张力引起的科学现象一直备受关注. 静滴法是地面重力条件下进行熔体表面张力测量的主要方法, 该方法的测量结果精确, 但在微重力环境下该法应用尚存在一些问题. 本文基于对表面张力理论的思考, 阐述了对其测量方法的认识和见解, 并讨论了地面上采用静滴法对熔体的表面张力进行测量研究以及静滴法在微重力条件下应用的困难. 进而介绍了利用悬浮技术进行熔体表面张力测量的无接触测量方法, 特别介绍了电磁悬浮法, 该法避免了由于容器接触带入杂质所引起的误差, 尤其在微重力条件下消除了重力的影响, 测量精度得到显著提高.      

Science Researches of Chinese Manned Space Flight

With the complete success of the 2nd stage of Chinese Manned Space Program (CMSP), several science researches have been performed on Tiangong-1 experimental spacelab, which was docked with three Shenzhou spaceships one after another. The China's real spacelab, Tiangong-2 will be launched in 2015, docked with a Shenzhou spaceship soon. After six months, it will be docked with the first Chinese cargo ship (Tianzhou-1). More space science researches, involving with space biology, fluid physics, fundamental physics, materials science, Earth science, astronomy and space environmental science, will be operated on Tiangong-2 spacelab, and crewed and cargo spaceships. Furthermore, the considerable large-scale space utilization of Shina's Space Station is planned. The research fields include yet not limited to space medicine and physiology, space life science and biotechnology, fluid physics and combustion in microgravity, space material science, and fundamental physics in microgravity, space astronomy, Earth science, space physics and space environment utilization, technology demonstration.      

Space Life Science of China in 2013

In the past two years, space life science research in China is characterized by a wide area of basic researches for providing foundation for the future China Space Station. The effect of microgravity and radiation was further studied from physiology phenomena to the level of bio-molecule mechanisms. Chinese space life science is maturing in a new era of comprehensive development. Here, we review and summarize researches on space life sciences which were contributed by Chinese scientists.      

空间站微重力流体实验设备需求分析

对国际空间站和中国科学实验卫星及载人飞行器上开展的微重力流体实验情况进行论述和分析,重点分析了国际空间站（ISS）微重力流体科学实验设备情况.根据中国空间微重力流体物理科学发展需求,结合国际空间站微重力流体科学实验对设备的需求,提出了未来在中国空间站开展微重力流体实验时空间实验设备需要重点考虑和解决的问题,同时提出相关设计建议.      

Science Research and Utilization Planning of China's Space Station in Operation Period 2022-2032

The core module of China's Space Station (CSS) is scheduled to be launched around the end of 2020, and the experimental module I and II will be launched in the next two years. After on-orbit constructions, CSS will be transferred into an operation period over 10 years (2022-2032 and beyond) to continuously implement space science missions. At present, based on the project selection and research work in the ground development period of CSS, China is systematically making a utilization mission planning for the operation period, which focuses on the fields of aerospace medicine and human research, space life science and biotechnology, microgravity fluid physics, combustion science, materials science, fundamental physics, space astronomy and astrophysics, Earth science, space physics and space environment, space application technology, etc. In combination with the latest development trend of space science and technology, China will continue to update planning for science research and technology development, carry out project cultivation, payload R&D, and upgrade onboard and ground experiment supporting systems to achieve greater comprehensive benefits in science, technology, economy, and society.      

Space Research Plan of China's Space Station

China's manned spaceflight missions have been introduced briefly,and the research planning of space sciences for China's Space Station(CSS) has been presented with the topics in the research areas,including:life science and biotechnology,microgravity fluid physics and combustion science,space material science,fundamental physics,space astronomy and astrophysics,earth sciences and application,space physics and space environment,experiments of new space technology.The research facilities,experiment racks,and supporting system planned in CSS have been described,including:multifunctional optical facility,research facility of quantum and optic transmission,and a dozen of research racks for space sciences in pressurized module,etc.In the next decade,significant breakthroughs in space science and utilization will hopefully be achieved,and great contributions will be made to satisfy the need of the social development and people's daily life.     

Space Research Plan of China's Space Stationormalsize

China's manned spaceflight missions have been introduced briefly, and the research planning of space sciences for China's Space Station (CSS) has been presented with the topics in the research areas, including:life science and biotechnology, microgravity fluid physics and combustion science, space material science, fundamental physics, space astronomy and astrophysics, earth sciences and application, space physics and space environment, experiments of new space technology. The research facilities, experiment racks, and supporting system planned in CSS have been described, including:multifunctional optical facility, research facility of quantum and optic transmission, and a dozen of research racks for space sciences in pressurized module, etc. In the next decade, significant breakthroughs in space science and utilization will hopefully be achieved, and great contributions will be made to satisfy the need of the social development and people's daily life.      

SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite for Space Microgravity Experiments

SJ-10 is a recoverable scientific experiment satellite specially for the space experiments of microgravity physics science and space life science. This mission was officially started on 31 December 2012, and the satellite was launched on 6 April 2016. This paper introduces briefly the SJ-10 mission, the progress of SJ-10 engineering and the project constitution of sciences experiments onboard SJ-10. The purpose of this mission is to discover the law of matter movement and the rule of life activity that cannot be discovered on the ground due to the existence of gravity, and to know the acting mechanism on organisms by the complex radiation of space that cannot be simulated on the ground.      

The Space Sciences and Application Projects in Space Laboratory

Space sciences and application projects arranged in Tiangong-2 space laboratory and Tianzhou-1 cargo ship have been described in detail, covering research areas of the fundamental physics, space astronomy, microgravity fluid physics and materials science, space life science, and earth science. These experiments and researches will hopefully produce great scientific results and social benefits in several fields, including:universe evolution, quantum communication, material development, global climate change and earth environment, etc.      

利用返回式卫星开展微重力试验

本文介绍我国首次利用返回式卫星进行微重力搭载试验和具体实施的办法,以及试验所获得的令人鼓舞的科学成果。同时还提出研制微重力卫星的新设想,为进一步开展空间微重力条件下的科学研究活动,提供新的途径。     

微重力量值对气液两相流相分布及液相湍流统计量影响的数值研究

气液两相流在空间领域具有广阔的应用前景, 深入理解微重力量值(微重力大小)对相分布和液相湍流的影响十分必要. 采用欧拉elax-elax拉格朗日双向耦合模型深入研究了不同微重力量值对相分布和液相湍流的影响. 液相速度场通过直接数值模拟求解, 气泡的运动轨迹由牛顿运动方程跟踪. 研究表明, 气泡分布和液相湍流与微重力量值均具有直接联系. 在低微重力量值下, 气泡近似均匀分布在槽道内, 且对液相湍流统计量几乎没有影响; 然而当微重力量值较高时, 大量气泡聚集在壁面附近, 液相湍流由于气泡的注入受到极大调制.