航天器变构型模块化可维修技术

现有可维修航天器为实现可维修能力代价大,且技术发展途径不清晰,难以推广应用.本文在对国外可维修航天器技术特点分析的基础上,从可维修体系架构、可更换功能模块体系和即插即用接口体系3方面,提出了一种可维修航天器的通用设计方法.结合所提方法,设计了一种主结构可变构型的模块化可维修航天器,阐述了所涉及的关键技术.所设计的可维修...     

基于压电纤维复合材料的航天器动力学建模与振动抑制

压电纤维复合材料(MFC)在柔性航天器的振动主动抑制中具有很好的应用前景。利用哈密顿原理和压电驱动的载荷比拟方法,建立了带MFC压电驱动的离散形式的刚柔耦合动力学方程,采用线性二次型最优控制(LQR)算法进行主动控制。结果表明：在航天器的柔性体受到脉冲载荷激励条件下,使用MFC驱动器可以实现航天器挠性振动的快速抑制,并且同时保持中心刚体姿态的稳定性,即能够实现挠性振动与姿态运动的协同控制。基于MFC的主动控制方法对于高频响应也具有较好的控制效果。对于柔性占优的航天器,采用MFC的主动控制优于被动控制。本文方法在处理具有复杂柔性体的航天器时更具优势,更适合于工程应用。     

载人航天器密封系统漏率设计方法

载人航天器密封舱为航天员提供在轨生活、工作的环境,对密封舱及其环控生保系统、热控制系统、推进控制系统等中各管路的密封性能有严格要求。文章提出了一种漏率设计方法,建立了相应的漏率检测系统,并依据该方法制定了密封舱体和各管路的漏率设计和指标分配的流程。本流程可用作载人航天器舱体密封系统、管路密封系统的漏率设计,对保证载人航天器在轨安全可靠运行有重要参考价值。     

Solar sailing in realistic mode,based on a locally-optimal control laws

Ballistic design of solar sailing missions in the solar system is composed of defining the design parameters, the control programs, and the trajectories that provide performance goals of a flight. The use of a solar sail spacecraft imposes specific restrictions on mission parameters that include the degradation limit on the flight duration, the maximum temperature of solar sail's surface, the minimum distance from the Sun, the maximum angular velocity of the spacecraft's rotation and others.Many authors considered the impact of these restrictions on the design of the mission separately, but they used a sophisticated method of finding the exact optimal motion control or applied the most straightforward laws of motion control. This paper uses local-optimal control laws at the complete mathematical models of motion and functioning of solar sail spacecraft to describe a technique of designing interplanetary missions. The described method avoids the need to obtain an accurate optimal solution to the control problem and does not cause significant computational difficulties.     

Stability of relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid with orbit–attitude coupling

The full dynamics of spacecraft around an asteroid, in which the spacecraft is considered as a rigid body and the gravitational orbit–attitude coupling is taken into account, is of great value and interest in the precise theories of the motion. The spectral stability of the classical relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid is studied with the method of geometric mechanics. The stability conditions are given explicitly based on the characteristic equation of the linear system matrix. It is found that the linearized system decouples into two entirely independent subsystems, which correspond to the motions within and outside the equatorial plane of the asteroid respectively. The system parameters are divided into three groups that describe the traditional stationary orbit stability, the significance of the orbit–attitude coupling and the mass distribution of the spacecraft respectively. The spectral stability of the relative equilibria is investigated numerically with respect to the three groups of system parameters. The relations between the full spacecraft dynamics and the traditional spacecraft dynamics, as well as the effect of the orbit–attitude coupling, are assessed. We find that when the orbit–attitude coupling is strong, the mass distribution of the spacecraft dominates the stability of the relative equilibria; whereas when the orbit–attitude coupling is weak, both the mass distribution and the traditional stationary orbit stability have significant effects on the stability. We also give a criterion to determine whether the orbit–attitude coupling needs to be considered.     

基于产品结构的航天器AIT过程多维数据管理系统

文章为解决航天器AIT过程中数据集成度低、数据应用不佳等问题,从数据模型构建、数据集成等方向出发,分析了AIT过程数据在产品结构、时间周期、阶段型号3个维度的演变过程,构建了多维数据模型,并开发基于产品结构的多维数据管理系统。该系统以产品结构为核心,对AIT过程数据进行重新组织,定义不同系统间、不同维度数据之间的关联关系,实现了AIT过程全数据的结构化整合,在此基础上生成了AIT过程数据包。     

Thrusting maneuver control of a small spacecraft via only gimbaled-thruster scheme

The thrust vector control (TVC) scheme is a powerful method in spacecraft attitude control. Since the control of a small spacecraft is being studied here, a solid rocket motor (SRM) should be used instead of a liquid propellant motor. Among the TVC methods, gimbaled-TVC as an efficient method is employed in this paper. The spacecraft structure is composed of a body and a gimbaled-SRM where common attitude control systems such as reaction control system (RCS) and spin-stabilization are not presented. A nonlinear two-body model is considered for the characterization of the gimbaled-thruster spacecraft where, the only control input is provided by a gimbal actuator. The attitude of the spacecraft is affected by a large exogenous disturbance torque which is generated by a thrust vector misalignment from the center of mass (C.M). A linear control law is designed to stabilize the spacecraft attitude while rejecting the mentioned disturbance torque. A semi-analytical formulation of the region of attraction (RoA) is developed to ensure the local stability and fast convergence of the nonlinear closed-loop system. Simulation results of the 3D maneuvers are included to show the applicability of this method for use in a small spacecraft.     

柔性航天器的动力学建模问题

首先简单介绍了关于柔性航天器动力学建模的一些综述论文,指出了柔性航天器动力学建模的困难所在。然后,分别对柔性体变形运动的描述模型,浮动参考架的选择、动力学方程的建立和模型降阶等问题进行了探讨。     

航天飞机再入航迹初步设计的一种计算方法

本文给出一种由航天飞机质心位置和飞行速度随高度的变化值计算再入航迹其它运动参数的方法。用美国“哥伦比亚”号航天飞机轨道器的飞行数据验算表明,该方法不失为一种可供再入航迹初步设计中选用的简便算法。