An alternative computation of a gravity field model from GOCE

GOCE is the first satellite with a gravitational gradiometer (SGG). This allows to determine a gravity field model with high spatial resolution and high accuracy. Four of the six independent components of the gravitational gradient tensors (GGT) are measured with high accuracy in the so-called measurement band (MB) from 5 to 100 mHz by the GOCE gradiometer. Based on more than 1 year of GOCE measurements, two gravity field models have been derived. Here, we introduce a strategy for spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) from GOCE measurements, with a bandpass filter applied to the SGG data, combined with orbit analysis based on the integral equation approach, and additional constraints (or stabilization) in the polar areas where no observation is available due to the orbit geometry. In addition, we combined the GOCE SGG part with a set of GRACE normal equations. This improves the accuracy of the gravity field in the long-wavelength parts, due to the complementarity of GOCE and GRACE. Comparison with other models and with external data shows that our results are rather close to the GPS-levelling data in well-selected test regions, with an uncertainty of 4–7 cm, for truncation at degree 200.     

月球卫星轨道摄动及冻结轨道研究

利用理论分析、数值仿真与相图分析,论述了月球卫星冻结轨道与地球卫星冻结轨道的区别,分析结果表明,月球重力场存在较大异常,会引起月球卫星轨道发生较大漂移。月球冻结轨道在田谐项影响下,还存在中等周期的漂移。仅简单考虑带谐项系数,无法求得完美的月球冻结系数。月球重力场异常对绕月卫星的影响与地球相比存在很大区别。月球轨道卫星的长期运行与控制策略的设计,不能按照地球轨道卫星的传统方法。目前使用的月球引力模型精度较差,尽管基于这些不可靠的引力模型,可以得出很多有用结论,但对未来高精度的月球探测任务来说,还存在不足,需要在将来的月球探测任务中,探测高精度的月球重力场,以利于未来月球探测航天系统的任务分析与设计。     

提高教学质量和学生竞争力——论数控技术专业教学内容和课程体系改革

当今社会,数控技术是制造业实现自动化、柔性化、集成化生产的基础;本文阐述了在学院高职数控技术专业学生各项技能培养的教学改革实践中,加强“双师型”师资队伍的建设,重视教、学、做一体化的实训训练体系,从而提升数控技术高职专业教学改革的实际成效。     

航天光学遥感在自然灾害管理中应用能力评述

以建（构）筑物、生命线、农作物、基础设施等受损情况为切入点,介绍了航天光学遥感在灾害特征参数反演、灾害风险评估、灾害监测、灾害损失评估、恢复重建等领域的应用现状和应用能力,指出航天光学遥感与灾害管理之间存在灾区遥感数据实时获取能力不足和相应遥感灾害信息智能提取算法体系不完善等问题,并从航天器设计角度提出了解决对策,如平衡发展多种空间分辨率和多种光谱分辨率光学遥感器,协同发展机动和常规两种成像模式,积极发展星上智能信息提取技术。     

直升机旋翼流场特性PIV试验分析

基于PIV技术对悬停和前飞状态的模型旋翼流场进行了试验研究,对比分析了不同前飞速度、总距、转速、方位等条件下的旋翼速度场和桨尖涡运动,获得了在悬停和前飞条件下旋翼流动特性,为旋翼非定常流动机理研究和桨叶气动设计提供试验支持.     

基于小波包分解和滑动功率谱的舰船轴频电场信号检测

轴频电场是可在水下探测到的一种运动舰船特征物理场,由于海水的衰减作用,其信号十分微弱。文章提出了一种基于小波包分解和滑动功率谱的微弱舰船轴频电场信号检测方法。首先,利用小波包变换对观测信号进行多子带分解;然后,分别提取各子带信号功率作为检测特征量,使用浮动门限对其进行滑动检测。实测数据和仿真数据处理表明,该方法能够在较低的信噪比条件下有效工作,性能优于传统的功率谱检测方法。     

涡流C扫描在钛合金SPF/DB结构检测中的实验研究

为了探索SPF/DB结构检测中有效的检测方法,应用涡流C扫描对钛合金SPF/DB结构进行了检测实验,将涡流C扫描结果和SPF/DB结构检测中常用的超声C扫描结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,涡流C扫描能够检测出SPF/DB结构的界面宏观缺欠以及一定尺度以上的界面微观缺欠,在SPF/DB结构检测中是可行的。有必要对该检测方法的有效性和检测结果的可靠性进行深入研究。     

航空直流起动发电机输出轴断裂故障分析

简述了某航空直流起动发电机输出轴在设计上为保护发动机安全而采取的措施,分析了引起直流起动发电机输出轴薄弱环节断裂的因素,确定了某小型发动机用起动发电机输出轴断裂的原因。根据该故障原因,制定了解决方案,并付诸试验验证。验证结果表明:排查分析得到的导致电机轴薄弱环节断裂的原因正确,制订的解决措施合理,效果令人满意。     

Characteristics and accuracies of the GRACE inter-satellite pointing

For almost 10 years, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) has provided information about the Earth gravity field with unprecedented accuracy. Efforts are ongoing to approach the GRACE baseline accuracy as there still remains an order of magnitude between the present error level of the gravity field solutions and the GRACE baseline. At the current level of accuracy, thorough investigation of sensor related effects is necessary as they are one of the potential contributors to the error budget. In the science mode operations, the twin satellites are kept precisely pointed with their KBR antennas towards each other. It is the task of the onboard attitude and orbit control system (AOCS) to keep the satellites in the required formation. We analyzed long time series of the inter-satellite pointing variations as they reflect the AOCS performance and characteristics. We present significant systematic effects in the inter-satellite pointing and discuss their possible sources. Prominent features are especially related to the magnetic torquer characteristics, star cameras’ performance and KBR antenna calibration parameters. The relation between the magnetic torquer attitude control and the Earth magnetic field, impact of the different performance of the two star camera heads on the attitude control and the features due to uncertainties in the calibration parameters relating the star camera frame to K-frame are discussed in detail. Proper understanding of these effects will help to reduce their impact on the science data and subsequently increase the accuracy of the gravity field solutions. Moreover, understanding the complexity of the onboard system is essential not only for increasing the accuracy of the GRACE data but also for the development of the future gravity field satellite missions.     

轴/径向耦合式球转子非接触式压电作动器的研究

本文提出了一种基于逆压电效应的轴/径向耦合式球转子非接触式压电作动器,由轴向悬浮装置及径向悬浮装置组成,且两者均可形成行波,为球转子提供悬浮力和驱动力。由于轴向悬浮装置和径向悬浮装置的工作模式可进行不同组合,使得被诱发出的声场具有不同耦合强度的悬浮和旋转驱动力,进而球转子可获得不同的悬浮和转速效果,易于对球转子进行状态控制。建立了轴向悬浮装置及径向悬浮装置的有限元模型,对定子进行了动力学分析与设计,确定了结构方案,并加工、制造了样机。通过试验得到了定子的振动参数、轴向悬浮装置的悬浮及驱动特性,结果表明轴向悬浮装置可成功的悬浮和驱动球转子。