月球卫星轨道摄动及冻结轨道研究

利用理论分析、数值仿真与相图分析,论述了月球卫星冻结轨道与地球卫星冻结轨道的区别,分析结果表明,月球重力场存在较大异常,会引起月球卫星轨道发生较大漂移。月球冻结轨道在田谐项影响下,还存在中等周期的漂移。仅简单考虑带谐项系数,无法求得完美的月球冻结系数。月球重力场异常对绕月卫星的影响与地球相比存在很大区别。月球轨道卫星的长期运行与控制策略的设计,不能按照地球轨道卫星的传统方法。目前使用的月球引力模型精度较差,尽管基于这些不可靠的引力模型,可以得出很多有用结论,但对未来高精度的月球探测任务来说,还存在不足,需要在将来的月球探测任务中,探测高精度的月球重力场,以利于未来月球探测航天系统的任务分析与设计。

Analysis of Orbit Perturbations and Frozen Orbit for Lunar Satellite

The differences between lunar satellite frozen orbit and earth satellite frozen orbit are analyzed based on analytic theory,numerical simulation and phase portrait analysis.The results show that the lunar gravity anomaly causes large drift of lunar satellite orbit,the lunar tesseral harmonics causes middle period drift of lunar frozen orbit.Phase portrait analysis and numerical analysis methods can be used to solve perfect lunar frozen coefficients instead of only using zonal harmonics.Lunar gravity anomaly causes significant difference when compared with earth orbit.For long term operation and control of lunar satellite a different strategy must be used.Though some useful results can be obtained based on currently used lower precision lunar gravity field models,they are not adequate for the future high precision lunar exploration mission.It is urgent to detect high precision lunar gravity field model for the mission analysis and design of future lunar exploration space system.