基于模态匹配和正交抑制的微机电陀螺闭环控制技术研究

模态匹配和力反馈控制可以在不牺牲检测带宽的情况下，利用机械谐振放大特性有效提高微机电陀螺信噪比、改善陀螺性能。结合一款高Q 值对称式四质量敏感结构的陀螺表头,在陀螺动力学平均模型基础上，通过对检测模态同相分量和正交分量的控制，实现陀螺的闭环检测控制。基于静电负刚度原理，通过改变陀螺敏感结构梳齿与质量块之间的电压，构建实时正交抑制系统和精确模态匹配环节，推导出陀螺的静电刚度矩阵，完成了对正交耦合信号的实时抑制和驱动、检测模态的精确模态匹配并且实现对两环节的解耦控制。实测结果显示，陀螺频差由24 Hz缩小到0.05 Hz以内，全温条件下，陀螺的正交耦合量由3(°)/s抑制到0.01(°)/s，陀螺全温零偏稳定性由初始的11.48（°）/h改善到1.95(°)/h，验证了实时正交抑制和模态匹配等技术对提升陀螺性能的具体效果。     

集成光学陀螺技术研究

对各种集成光学陀螺结构方案进行了总结,并对干涉式、谐振干涉式、反射谐振式、透射谐振式等四种典型的陀螺方案进行了详细的分析和比较。分析结果表明,干涉式和反射谐振式陀螺方案具有较小的极限灵敏度值,而且反射谐振式方案是四种陀螺方案中极限灵敏度值最小的,即反射谐振式陀螺方案是具有最大潜能的陀螺方案。方案分析完成后开展了集成光学陀螺的相关关键技术的研究,通过集成光学芯片的优化设计和加工、信号检测技术等方面的研究,最终实现了零偏稳定性为0.2°/s的陀螺样机。     

金属壳谐振陀螺误差补偿方法研究

针对金属壳谐振陀螺的误差建模与补偿方法进行研究.首先,通过分析金属壳谐振陀螺的敏感机理,找到影响陀螺性能的误差源,建立金属壳谐振陀螺的误差模型.然后,研究陀螺的误差传播特性,对误差源进行分类,提出金属壳谐振陀螺的误差补偿方法.最后,利用试验方法对建立的误差模型和补偿方法进行验证.试验结果表明:经过补偿后的金属壳谐振陀螺在工作温度范围内(-45℃ ～55℃)零偏不稳定性降低至4.67(°)/h,全温度段线性度由0.2％降低至0.03％,随机游走为0.6982(°)/h1/2,陀螺的综合性能得到显著提升,证明了误差模型和补偿方法的有效性.     

基于高灵敏超导探测器的新型脉冲光高精度光纤陀螺技术研究

高精度光纤陀螺的精度主要由光纤陀螺检测噪声决定,一般可用角随机游走系数来表征,光纤陀螺的角随机游走主要由光路干涉信号的信噪比和信号处理引入的噪声决定。提出了基于高灵敏超导探测器的脉冲光高精度光纤陀螺技术方案和精度提升方法,实现了陀螺光信号的高灵敏检测,显著降低了光纤陀螺的热噪声,降低了相对强度噪声,并避免了连续光因调制切换引入的尖峰脉冲误差的影响,有效提升了光纤陀螺的精度水平。通过仿真分析,可将光纤陀螺的随机游走系数检测极限从3.53×10-5(°)/h1/2降低至1.6×10-5(°)/h1/2,减小了约54.7%。     

谐振式光子晶体光纤陀螺信号检测及处理技术研究

谐振式光子晶体光纤陀螺是一种具有小型化、高精度等潜在技术优势的新型光纤陀螺,是国内外惯性器件研究的一个重要发展方向。针对谐振式光子晶体光纤陀螺的结构和信号检测原理进行了详细的叙述,确定了基于FPGA的陀螺信号检测总体方案,陀螺信号处理及控制模块主要由频差信号解调、复合拍频检测、闭环反馈控制、数据编码输出以及调制信号模块组成;随后重点介绍了窄线宽半导体激光器的驱动控制方案,在调制解调及频率偏差检测方案上采用数字相敏检波器实现频率偏差检测,在谐振频率闭环跟踪锁定方案上采用数字PI控制器实现环路光频率控制;最后进行了谐振式光子晶体光纤陀螺实验测试系统搭建,以及谐振曲线测试和谐振频率闭环锁定测试。     

廉价的镍基微机械速率陀螺

本文论述一种低成本常压下速率微机械陀螺,它采用了兼容制CMOS镍电铸装配成型工艺,陀螺的驱动模式和检测模式的谐振频率的匹配相互接近后,增加了角速率的分辨率,两种模式采用了对称悬挂和静电频率音又方式,而且在模式匹配运行过程中两种模式的不合理机械耦合,通过与陀螺的挠曲完全断开,减小了耦合度．降低机械耦合得到一个稳定的零速率输出偏置,即提供一个极好的偏置稳定度。装配陀螺镍材料结构层厚度18μm,电容间隙2．5μm,结果是纵横比大于7,检测电容0．5pF以上．测出陀螺谐振频率,驱动是4．09Hz,检测是4．33Hz,然后再与电压小于12V音叉匹配．陀螺混合联结一个CMOS客性接口电路,混合系统工作受外围电路控制,它们组成一个角度速率传感器．陀螺按驱动模式震荡,振动幅值大于10μm。速率陀螺等效噪声是0．095（°／s）／HZ1/2短期偏置稳定度大于0．1°／s．在测量范围±100°／s内,该陀螺公称标度因子是17．7mV／（°／s）,满刻度时非线性度仅为0．12％。现在的陀螺测量频宽设为30Hz,根据使用要求,频宽可以超过100Hz,检测模式的质量因子可以通过提高真空度加以改善,在一个10Hz窄的响应频宽中,质量因子大约就是一个等效速率噪声,它小于0．05（°／s）／Hz1/2。     

谐振式光纤陀螺系统建模及其应用研究

谐振式光纤陀螺作为高精度角速度传感器,以其集成化高、成本低以及抗干扰性强等独有优势,逐渐成为下一代光学陀螺研究发展的热点。通过对谐振式光纤陀螺工作原理的分析,建立了陀螺数字信号处理系统可视化模型,并对系统谐振曲线和同步解调曲线等开环输出以及锁频反馈下闭环输出进行了模拟仿真。利用仿真模型分析了正弦波调制下谐振谱分裂现象,并搭建实验装置对其进行了验证。结果表明,实验中正弦信号调制频率高于系统谐振输出半高全宽一半,即对应2 MHz时,谐振谱分裂会导致同步解调输出线性区域出现明显失真,严重恶化了标度因数线性度。因此,搭建的谐振式光纤陀螺仿真模型能够准确而有效地模拟系统的工作状态,在系统噪声抑制和精度提升方面具有指导性意义。     

通过脉宽调制对半球谐振陀螺组合进行精确温控的方法

半球谐振陀螺仪受到温度影响产生漂移。针对半球谐振陀螺组合设计了一套基于脉宽调制的温控系统。通过对陀螺组合温控方式的选取、均匀对称性结构设计、热模型建模,利用FPGA对陀螺仪进行温控系统设计。实验表明,温控系统精度为±0.1℃,满足陀螺性能要求。     

全角模式半球谐振陀螺振型控制与角度检测

传统半球谐振陀螺采用力平衡工作模式，这种模式仅能直接检测实时转速，且动态范围较小，限制了半球谐振陀螺在具有大动态机动特点的应用场景中的使用。相比之下，全角模式半球谐振陀螺通过滞后角与陀螺转动角度之间的比例关系进行角度检测，相比力平衡模式，具有直接角度检测的功能和更大的动态范围。对全角模式半球谐振陀螺进行了研究，介绍了全角模式半球谐振陀螺的控制与信号处理的方法，以及全角模式半球谐振陀螺系统的实现。该系统通过基于相干解调的信号处理算法，实现了谐振振幅参数的解算，通过PI控制器、正交分解及乘法调制实现了跟踪谐振振型进动控制作用，通过谐振振型进动角度解算器直接解算了陀螺的转动角度。通过数字仿真与实物实验结果可知，所介绍的全角模式半球谐振陀螺系统能够实现不依赖于积分运算的角度检测功能，且较之于力平衡模式，其半球谐振陀螺动态范围有了一定程度的提高。     

半球谐振陀螺信号检测与动态性能改进方法的研究

半球谐振陀螺是一种全新的固体陀螺,具有独特的结构和工作方式。针对 半球谐振陀螺信号的提取、检测与控制,提出了半球谐振陀螺信号检测的改进方法和自 主开发的力平衡控制电路系统,以及其动态性能指标的改善方法,实验结果表明了该技 术效果显著。研究可为半球谐振陀螺提供理论研究和工程应用参考。     

Cavity element for resonant micro optical gyroscope

Significant strides have been made towards a feasible resonant micro optic gyro (RMOG). Uniquely crucial components have been developed. Experimental measurements, when coupled with theoretical analysis predicts that 1 degree/hour performance can be achieved. Three critical elements required for the successful development have been demonstrated. A high quality trench waveguide has been designed, fabricated and demonstrated to have losses as little as 0.1 dB/cm. The waveguide has been demonstrated to have gain in the 4.0 dB/cm range. Finally, a waveguide laser has been fabricated and has shown nearly enough power to adequately drive an RMOG. Analysis of the measured performance predicts that a 1 degree/hour RMOG can be constructed. The small size and projected ruggedness of the RMOG will be advantageous in high G applications. Other applications, such as man portable guidance systems, where weight and size are critical, may also benefit from RMOG technology     

谐振式光纤陀螺用光源模块实验研究

基于多光源结构的谐振式光纤陀螺(R-FOG)是一种小型、高精度惯性传感器。研究了谐振式光纤陀螺的光源模块方案,选用小型可调谐的窄线宽半导体激光器,并对光源中心波长、光功率进行测量,以建立光源的最优工作区域,在此基础上对光源之间的拍频进行静态测试,测试过程中的频率最小值为53Hz、最大值为25.9225MHz。该方案具有分辨率高与动态范围大的潜在优势,在拍频测试中,陀螺测量分辨率和动态范围分别可达9.13×10~(-4)(°)/h、±4.56×10~7(°)/h。     

Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager on New Horizons

The LOng-Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) is the high-resolution imaging instrument for the New Horizons mission to Pluto, its giant satellite Charon, its small moons Nix and Hydra, and the Kuiper Belt, which is the vast region of icy bodies extending roughly from Neptune’s orbit out to 50 astronomical units (AU). New Horizons launched on January 19, 2006, as the inaugural mission in NASA’s New Frontiers program. LORRI is a narrow-angle (field of view=0.29°), high-resolution (4.95 μrad pixels), Ritchey-Chrétien telescope with a 20.8-cm diameter primary mirror, a focal length of 263 cm, and a three-lens, field-flattening assembly. A 1,024×1,024 pixel (optically active region), thinned, backside-illuminated charge-coupled device (CCD) detector is used in the focal plane unit and is operated in frame-transfer mode. LORRI provides panchromatic imaging over a bandpass that extends approximately from 350 nm to 850 nm. LORRI operates in an extreme thermal environment, situated inside the warm spacecraft with a large, open aperture viewing cold space. LORRI has a silicon carbide optical system, designed to maintain focus over the operating temperature range without a focus adjustment mechanism. Moreover, the spacecraft is thruster-stabilized without reaction wheels, placing stringent limits on the available exposure time and the optical throughput needed to satisfy the measurement requirements.     

The THEMIS ESA Plasma Instrument and In-flight Calibration

The THEMIS plasma instrument is designed to measure the ion and electron distribution functions over the energy range from a few eV up to 30 keV for electrons and 25 keV for ions. The instrument consists of a pair of “top hat” electrostatic analyzers with common 180°×6° fields-of-view that sweep out 4π steradians each 3 s spin period. Particles are detected by microchannel plate detectors and binned into six distributions whose energy, angle, and time resolution depend upon instrument mode. On-board moments are calculated, and processing includes corrections for spacecraft potential. This paper focuses on the ground and in-flight calibrations of the 10 sensors on five spacecraft. Cross-calibrations were facilitated by having all the plasma measurements available with the same resolution and format, along with spacecraft potential and magnetic field measurements in the same data set. Lessons learned from this effort should be useful for future multi-satellite missions.     

Virtual flight test of pitch and roll attitude control based on circulation control of tailless flying wing aircraft without rudders

Circulation Control(CC) realizes rudderless flight control by driving compressed air jet to generate a virtual rudder surface, which significantly improves low detectability. The layout plan of combined control rudder surface is proposed based on the tailless flying wing aircraft. The closed-loop jet actuator system and stepless rudder surface switching control strategy are used to quantitatively study the control characteristics of circulation actuator for pitch and roll attitude through 3-DOF ...     

Lift enhancement based on virtual aerodynamic shape using a dual synthetic jet actuator

The Dual Synthetic Jet Actuator (DSJA) is used to develop a new type of lift enhancement device based on circulation control, and to control the flow over the two-dimensional (2D) NACA0015 airfoil. The lift enhancement device is composed of a DSJA and a rounded trailing edge (Coanda surface). The two outlets of the DSJA eject two jets (Jet 1 and Jet 2). Jet 1 ejects from the upper trailing edge, which increases the circulation of airfoil with the help of the Coanda surface. Jet 2 ejects from the lower trailing edge, which acts as a virtual flap. The Reynolds number based on the airfoil chord length and free flow velocity is 250000. The results indicate that the circulation control method based on Dual Synthetic Jet (DSJ) has good performance in lift enhancement, whose control effect is closely related to momentum coefficient and reduced frequency. With the increase of the reduced frequency, the control effect of the lift enhancement is slightly reduced. As the momentum coefficient increases, the control effect becomes better. When the angle of attack is greater than 4°, the increments of lift coefficients under the control of DSJ are larger than those under the control of the steady blowing at a same momentum coefficient. The maximum lift augmentation efficiency can reach 47 when the momentum coefficient is 0.02, which is higher than the value in the case with steady blowing jet circulation control.     

某型发动机部件虚拟系统多线程软件的设计

以某型航空发动机所装备的电子控制器为研究对象，研制了虚拟仪器系统，对LabWindows/CVI软件开发平台下多线程的实现方法进行了分析，重点解决了多线程程序设计中的一些实际问题，给出了虚拟仪器多线程软件结构方案。     

The Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation (PEPSSI) on the New Horizons Mission

The Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation (PEPSSI) comprises the hardware and accompanying science investigation on the New Horizons spacecraft to measure pick-up ions from Pluto’s outgassing atmosphere. To the extent that Pluto retains its characteristics similar to those of a “heavy comet” as detected in stellar occultations since the early 1980s, these measurements will characterize the neutral atmosphere of Pluto while providing a consistency check on the atmospheric escape rate at the encounter epoch with that deduced from the atmospheric structure at lower altitudes by the ALICE, REX, and SWAP experiments on New Horizons. In addition, PEPSSI will characterize any extended ionosphere and solar wind interaction while also characterizing the energetic particle environment of Pluto, Charon, and their associated system. First proposed for development for the Pluto Express mission in September 1993, what became the PEPSSI instrument went through a number of development stages to meet the requirements of such an instrument for a mission to Pluto while minimizing the required spacecraft resources. The PEPSSI instrument provides for measurements of ions (with compositional information) and electrons from 10 s of keV to ～1 MeV in a 160°×12° fan-shaped beam in six sectors for 1.5 kg and ～2.5 W.     

基于虚拟仪器的轮翼气动实验系统研究

针对一种用于小型飞行器的新型高效升力和推力系统——轮翼,为了解决其所面临的测量参数多、气动力/力矩量值小、实时性强、耦合性高的困难,研制了基于虚拟仪器（VI）的气动实验系统。该系统采用四分量高精度应变天平、AC伺服电机及驱动器、应变放大器等设备搭建实验平台,利用基于虚拟仪器的LabWindows/CVI软件进行数据采集和数据处理。实验测得天平输出信号电压值与软件采集记录结果一致,为进一步做模型试验提供了可靠的基础。