掺杂物形状对混合粒子等效光学常数的影响

基于电磁场平均的概念,利用Maxwell-Garnett有效介质理论对含有椭球形掺杂物的混合粒子等效光学常数进行研究,分析了掺杂物形状比例参数和体积分数对混合粒子等效光学常数的影响.结果表明:掺杂物形状比例参数存在一个临界值,当形状比例参数小于临界值时,随着形状比例参数增加,含椭球形掺杂物的混合粒子等效光学常数与含球形掺杂物的混合粒子等效光学常数的差别增大;反之,形状比例参数对混合粒子等效光学常数的影响非常小.混合粒子的等效光学常数介于基体和掺杂物的光学常数之间,当掺杂物的体积分数增大时,混合粒子的等效光学常数趋向于掺杂物的光学常数.      

柱状金属微粒-电介质复合材料的等效介电常数

基于介质圆柱电磁散射理论和等效介质理论，导出了金属柱微粒-电介质复合材料的等效相对介电常数的表达式。数值结果表明：入射波频率低于某一频率或金属柱掺料的体积分数增大到一定数值时，复合材料的等效相对介电常数实部会变为负数。     

椭球形颗粒多相复合介质的有效电导率张量

本文从理论上给出了椭球形颗粒悬浮于多相复合介质中时计算有效电导率张量的低密度近似公式,并研究了悬浮颗粒的几何形状(圆球形、长棒形、扁圆盘形等)对电导率张量的影响,提出了计算无序非均匀系有效电导率的公式。本文结果也适用于多相复合介质的有效介电常数和磁导率的计算。     

各向异性多相复合介质导电性的有效介质理论

应用有效介质理论(EMT)处理了各向异性多相复合介质的导电性。用含有各向异性因子m的分布函数(14),估计悬浮颗粒取向分布的无序性,从而导出了可计算含轴旋转对称椭球形颗粒的无序非均匀系统的纵向和横向电导率的公式。应用所得结果,分别讨论了两相浓度、电导率比、各向异性因子和悬浮颗粒几何形状(圆球形、长纤维状和扁圆盘状)等微结构因素对有效电导率的影响。文中还着重讨论了当S~2→∞时系统中可能出现的渗流现象,给出了各种形状颗粒复合材料的渗流阈值,并作了讨论。     

导体颗粒与电介质混合物等效介电常数的近似理论

等效电磁参数对电磁隐身技术具有重要的实际意义。本文利用朗道积分,推导出各种形状的导体颗粒混合于电介质(ε)中形成的混合物等效介电常数。对球形、圆柱形、椭球形导体颗粒的情况,分别得出了近似理论结果。研究了各向同性和各向异性两种情况。     

碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料有效弹性模量预测

为了分析碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料细观结构对其宏观力学性能的影响,针对无压渗透法制备的A356/SiCp复合材 料建立了表征其细观结构的2维代表性体积单元有限元模型,以建立复合材料宏观性能与细观结构之间的依赖关系。在周期性 边界条件和模拟单轴拉伸边界条件下研究了颗粒的形状（圆形、椭圆形）和体积分数（10%、15%、20%）对其有效弹性模量的影响, 并与无压渗透法制备的A356/SiCp复合材料试验值进行比较。结果表明：在2种条件下的预测结果相差不大,预测误差均不超过 5%;碳化硅颗粒体积分数对复合材料的力学性能影响显著,对颗粒形状的影响很小,在相同边界条件及体积分数下,圆形和椭圆 形颗粒的预测值相差不超过0.4%。     

极低压下两相流挤压油膜阻尼器油膜参数特性

针对极低供油压力工况开展实验研究,以考察气液两相流对挤压油膜阻尼器(SFD)油膜参数特性的影响。结果表明:当SFD入口气体体积分数小于0.9时,油膜阻尼随着入口气体体积分数的增加而减小,直至气体体积分数增大到0.9时,油膜阻尼是纯油状态时阻尼的60%;当气体体积分数大于0.9时,油膜阻尼大幅减小至几乎可以忽略不计。现有理论模型并不适用于极低供油压力工况。基于实验结果,找到了最符合SFD两相流动的等效黏度模型,其理论预测的油膜阻尼与不同供油压力下的实验数据吻合较好,为SFD两相流研究的模型选择提供了依据。     

组分变化对甲烷氧化特性影响

在射流搅拌反应器实验平台上针对温度范围850~1 300 K、常压条件下的甲烷氧化反应过程进行了实验研究,采用气相色谱仪测量了变组分条件下(当量比范围02~2、氧气体积分数2%~8%、二氧化碳体积分数0~20%、水蒸气体积分数0~20%)主要反应物(CH4、O2)、主要中间组分(C2H6、C2H4、C2H2、H2)和主要污染物(CO、CO2)的摩尔分数,并分析了主要反应物、中间组分以及污染物生成的影响因素和影响规律。研究表明,随着当量比和含氧量的增加,主要中间组分的摩尔分数升高;二氧化碳体积分数的增加对中间产物的生成有微弱的抑制作用,却使得污染物浓度大大增加;水蒸气体积分数的增加导致氢气生成量显著增加,同时促进一氧化碳的生成,而对二氧化碳的生成影响很小。      

基于微结构识别的单向复合材料导热系数预估

以T300碳纤维/环氧树脂基单向复合材料为例,考虑纤维周围间隙缺陷的影响,建立了基于微观图像识别的等效导热系数预估方法.首先利用图像识别技术处理材料微观电镜照片,然后依据纤维体积分数稳定性判据应用几何重构技术建立了代表性单元,并通过在代表性单元（RVE）内部交界面处添加接触热阻的方法引入间隙缺陷的影响,最终利用有限元方法模拟得到等效导热系数（ETC）.研究发现:间隙的位置对等效导热系数影响微弱;随着间隙缺陷占比和厚度的增加,等效导热系数显著降低;间隙缺陷占比大于0.8,无量纲间隙缺陷厚度小于0.15时,单向纤维增韧复合材料的等效导热系数受间隙影响最突出;相对于纤维和基体理想接触的情况,考虑间隙缺陷后,等效导热系数最大降幅可达52.1%.      

无压浸渗SiCp/Al复合材料干摩擦磨损性能研究

采用无压浸渗法制备了不同SiC颗粒体积分数以及不同SiC颗粒粒度的Al基复合材料.以硬质合金(80%WC 20%Co)为对摩试样进行了干摩擦试验,研究了颗粒体积分数(15%,25%,35%,45%,55%)、颗粒粒度(110μm,63μm,45μm)以及载荷(196N,392N)对SiCp/Al复合材料干摩擦磨损性能的影响.采用SEM和EDS分析了铝合金基体、复合材料的磨损表面及磨损机理.研究结果表明,颗粒体积分数在15%～35%之间时,复合材料的耐磨性明显优于铝合金基体.载荷为196N时,铝合金的磨损率是15%,25%,35%SiCp(110μm)/Al复合材料的2.16,2.76,2.07倍.SiCp/Al复合材料的磨损率随着颗粒粒度的增加、载荷的减小而降低.SiC颗粒的体积分数对铝基复合材料的磨损率和磨损机制有显著影响:SiC颗粒体积分数存在一个最佳值(25%),此时复合材料的磨损率最小,耐磨性能最好.当体积分数小于25%时,复合材料磨损率随着体积分数的增加而下降,磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,而当体积分数大于25%时,复合材料磨损率随着体积分数的增加而上升,磨损机制以表层剥落磨损为主,同时伴有磨粒磨损.     

等质量异形粒子超高速撞击侵蚀

用数值方法模拟双锥，圆柱，椭球、圆锥和倒圆锥五类等质量异形铝粒子五种高宽比共２５种粒子对半无限铝靶的超高速撞击侵蚀，撞击速度为４ｋｍ／ｓ，给出了坑深、坑径、坑形参数和坑体积随粒子形状及高宽比的变化曲线。结果与非圆球异形粒子超高速撞击侵蚀计算有重要参考价值。     

Experimental investigation on boiling heat transfer characteristics of Al_2O_3-water nanofluids in swirl microchannels subjected to an acceleration force

Experiments were carried out to investigate the boiling heat transfer characteristics of Al_2O_3-water nanofluids in swirl microchannels under terrestrial gravity and acceleration fields. A centrifuge with a two-meter long rotational arm was used to simulate the acceleration magnitude up to 9 g and three various acceleration directions. Three test sections with different geometric parameters were applied. The volume concentration of Al_2O_3 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 13 nm was varied from 0.07% to 0.1%. The mass flow rate and vapor quality were in ranges of 3–6 kg/h and 0.4–1.0%, respectively. The effects of the mass flow rate, microchannel aspect ratio,vapor quality, nanoparticle volume concentration, and acceleration direction and magnitude were analyzed in a systematic manner. Experimental results showed that the acceleration direction and magnitude had significant influences on the boiling heat transfer. The heat transfer under configuration C was found to be superior to that under configurations A and B. Moreover, the heat transfer coefficient increased with increases of the mass flow rate and the volume concentration and decreased with the aspect ratio.     

A refined trigonometric shear deformation theory for thermoelastic bending of functionally graded sandwich plates

A refined trigonometric shear deformation theory (RTSDT) taking into account transverse shear deformation effects is presented for the thermoelastic bending analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates. Unlike any other theory, the number of unknown functions involved is only four, as against five in case of other shear deformation theories. The theory presented is variationally consistent, does not require shear correction factor, the displacement components are expressed by trigonometric series representation through the plate thickness to develop a two-dimensional theory and gives rise to transverse shear stress variation such that the transverse shear stresses vary parabolically across the thickness satisfying shear stress free surface conditions. The sandwich with homogeneous facesheet and FGM core is considered. Material properties of the present FGM core are assumed to vary according to a power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The influences played by the transverse shear deformation, thermal load, plate aspect ratio, and volume fraction distribution are studied. Numerical results for deflections and stresses of functionally graded metal–ceramic plates are investigated. It can be concluded that the proposed theory is accurate and simple in solving the thermoelastic bending behavior of functionally graded plates.     

A Novel Approach for the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Porous Ceramics

A new approach in combination of the effective medium theory with the equivalent unit in numerical simulation was developed to study the effective thermal conductivity of porous ceramics. The finite element method was used to simulate the heat transfer process which enables to acquire accurate results through highly complicated modeling and intensive computation. An alternative approach to mesh the material into small cells was also presented. The effective medium theory accounts for the effective thermal conductivity of cells while the equivalent unit is subsequently applied in numerical simulation to analyze the effective thermal conductivity of the porous ceramics. A new expression for the effective thermal conductivity, allowing for some structure factors such as volume fraction of pores and thermal conductivity, was put forward, and the results of its application was proved to be close to those of the mathematical simulation.     

A Novel Approach for the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Porous Ceramics

A new approach in combination of the effective medium theory with the equivalent unit in numerical simulation was developed to study the effective thermal conductivity of porous ceramics. The finite element method was used to simulate the heat transfer process which enables to acquire accurate results through highly complicated modeling and intensive computation. An alternative approach to mesh the material into small cells was also presented. The effective medium theory accounts for the effective thermal conductivity of cells while the equivalent unit is subsequently applied in numerical simulation to analyze the effective thermal conductivity of the porous ceramics. A new expression for the effective thermal conductivity, allowing for some structure factors such as volume fraction of pores and thermal conductivity, was put forward, and the results of its application was proved to be close to those of the mathematical simula-tion.     

三维复杂表面水滴撞击特性计算

为预测多段翼和发动机进气道等三维复杂形状表面在结冰气象条件下的水滴撞击特性,提出了一种基于欧拉两相流模型求解水滴收集系数的方法.空气相和水滴相认为是单相耦合的,空气流场由Euler或Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程独立求得.给出了一种水滴相撞击壁面边界条件的处理方法.为避免因局部水滴容积分数异常而导致计算发散,提出了一种自适应的数值扩散模型以增加高阶计算的稳定性.验证计算了圆柱、MS(1)-0317翼型、球面等典型二三维物面的收集系数,并计算了水滴直径呈某种分布时的情形.与公开发表的试验数据对比表明,计算方法准确有效,能很好的应用于三维复杂表面的水滴撞击特性预测.      

无人机油箱地面洗涤惰化性能

提出了无人机油箱地面洗涤惰化技术理论和方法,利用CFD方法研究了采用地面洗涤惰化技术降低油箱气相空间氧体积分数并使无人机油箱在地面和飞行条件下仍然保持惰化状态的可行性.利用vol-ume of fluid(VOF)两相流模型和自定义传质方程计算了不同油箱初始氧体积分数和载油率下气相空间氧体积分数的变化情况,结果表明:在...     

油气比对燃气分析法燃烧效率、气态污染物测试精度的影响

在燃气分析单点测试偏差的基础上,针对燃气轮机、主燃烧室及加力燃烧室目前采用的取样方式的现状,建立了燃气分析法和流量法的油气比偏差对燃烧效率和气态污染物测试精度的影响规律。结果表明:对于采用移位机构进行测量的主燃烧室,流量法和燃气分析法油气比相差在5.1%以内时,说明有足够的测点密度,数据有效,此时的燃烧效率精度优于0.5%;对于加力燃烧室和整机测试,由于取样点不足,油气比偏差较大,燃烧效率的精度还取决于油气比和CO的体积分数。保证足够的取样点密度是燃气分析测试结果具有较高精度的前提。      

旋转矩形截面弯管内流动特性的研究

本文利用数值计算方法研究了三种旋转矩形截面（η＝1，η＞1，η＜1）弯管内的粘性流动，分析了在离心力和科氏力共同作用下二次流动、轴向主流、摩擦系数比各参数的变化情况，所得的结果与已有文献的结果（数值结果和实验结果）非吻合，计算结果表明：对于宽高比η≤1的矩形截面，截面上最多可以存在8个涡；若η＞1，同上最多可以出现6个涡；摩擦系数比和二次流函数量大值在F≈－1时取得最小值，；计算结果还表明，η对高速旋转弯管内的摩擦系数比的影响程度要明显高于对静止的弯管内的摩擦系数比的影响程序，最后本文给出η＝1时的旋转矩形弯管内摩擦系数的计算公式。