ISE: intelligent synthesis environment for future aerospace systems

The Intelligent Synthesis Environment (ISE) being developed by NASA, UVA, and JPL for significantly enhancing the rapid creation of innovative affordable products and missions is described. ISE uses a synergistic combination of leading-edge technologies, including high-performance computing, high-capacity communications and networking, virtual product development, knowledge-based engineering, computational intelligence, human-computer interaction, and product information management. The environment will link scientists, design teams, manufacturers, suppliers, and consultants who participate in the mission synthesis, as well as in the creation and operation of the aerospace system. It will radically advance the process by which complex science missions are synthesized, and high-tech engineering systems are designed, manufactured, and operated. The evolution of engineering design is described along with the shortcomings of current product development techniques. The need for ISE to create high-science payoff missions and aerospace systems at affordable costs is discussed. The five major components critical to ISE and some of their sub-elements are described: namely, human-ISE interaction; infrastructure for distributed collaboration; rapid synthesis and simulation tools; intelligent life-cycle system integration; and cultural change in the creative process. Related government and industry programs are outlined and future impact of ISE on complex missions and aerospace systems is discussed.     

Conversations with Norman Augustine. Interview by Linda Voss

Topics discussed in the interview include trends and economic issues in the aerospace industry, the role of the aerospace industry in national security, and mergers and new ventures in the aerospace industry.     

基于 FACE 思想的软件通用运行环境设计

未来机载能力环境（FACE）思想由美国军方、工业界和学术界共同发起，它针对机载航空电子软件系统提出了一种新的业务模型和参考架构。通过制定参考架构核心元素间的接口标准以及定义基于共识的通用数据模型可以为软件模块的跨平台重用提供便利。本文通过分析 FACE 参考架构的核心思想，结合实现层面的具体考虑，提出了软件通用运行环境的设计方案，旨在硬件计算平台上进一步搭建一个软件计算平台，使得应用软件模块在能够正常运行的基础上尽可能地实现“一次开发，多次应用”。     

An overview of Allied-Signal's avionics development in the CIS

AlliedSignal Commercial Avionics Systems (ASCAS) and its partners have established the following business objectives: short term (forward-fit and retrofit with off-the-shelf products; co-development of integrated systems); mid term (co-production of avionics products in the CIS); long term (become an integrated element of CIS aerospace industry in partnership with local firms and to maintain the necessary focus to achieve these goals). ASCAS has formed a strategic business enterprise which is dedicated to developing the avionics market within the CIS. ASCAS was fortunate to find a joint venture partner who possesses skills that complement its present core competencies. The advantage of this business arrangement is that, while expanding their experience and expertise in the area of systems integration, they can directly benefit from the expertise and capabilities of indigenous airframe and equipment manufacturers (customer knowledge, simulation and integration experience, capable/skilled manpower)     

Software architecture for building

Test system developers can benefit greatly from a software architecture that allows for easy interchangeability of instruments in those systems. Using open industry standard software architectures such as Virtual Instrument Software Architecture (VISA), and Interchangeable Virtual Instruments (IVI), developers are able to create systems with interchangeable test instrumentation. This paper describes the VISA and IVI software standards and demonstrates how their use within a broader software architecture, which includes standard development environments and flexible test executive software, facilitates the creation of interchangeable test systems     

Revolutionary ideas in test

This paper summarizes AUTOTESTCON 2001, focussing on the automatic test industry and their military/aerospace customers. Topics covered include: the state of the test industry; a history of ATE; fiber optic sensing and control technology for military aviation; thermal imaging for fault location; sensor fusion in diagnostics/prognostics; AI-based test solutions; and prognostic monitoring techniques     

Quality workshop with the Czech aerospace industry

The Association of Aviation Manufacturers in the Czech Republic, AAM CR, the European Association of Aerospace Industries, AECMA, and the European Commission held a workshop on quality in Aerospace in Prague in March 2000. The workshop focussed strongly on practical examples and issues of quality systems and aimed at supporting further integration of the Czech aerospace industries into the European aerospace industry structure.     

Aerospace High Voltage Development

High voltage has been used for electrical power system generation, transmission, and distribution for over 75 years and manufacturers have been designing x-rays, radios/television transmitters and receivers for many years with excellent success. High voltage usage in aerospace equipment initiated during World War II with the advent of high power communications and radar for airplanes. About 20 years ago the first high voltage components were built for spacecraft systems. This article is to provide some insight into the status of high voltage for aerospace equipment and the differences between terrestial and aerospace system functions and the attendant problems. What are the basic differences between terrestial/commercial and aerospace equipment? The aerospace environment is defined as that significantly above the Earth's surface: From 5000 feet altitude to deep space. The basic differences are the constraints placed on the user vehicle (airplane, missile, or spacecraft). Constraints include: Atmospheric pressure, temperature, lifting capability, electronic requirements, and volume. Early airplanes needed only radios and mechanical pressurization instruments. Today's sophisticted airplanes require transmitters, receivers, controls, displays, and in the military case, special electronics. The addition of electronic devices has increased the electrical power demand from a few watts (for early aircraft) to well over one megawatt for special applications. There is the need for compact packaging to reduce weight and volume. Spacecraft with booster limitations are ever more restrictive of weight and volume then airplanes while they must maintain complete electrical system integrity for mission durations of several months to years.     

航天器地面模拟设备发展综述

本文回顾了高超音速地面模拟设备发展过程，这里既包括模拟理论方面的问题，也包括设备设计与建造方面的问题。目前，各国都在积极改进现有地面模拟设备或设计新型设备，以推进航天技术的发展。     

Spacecraft engineering and research at Saint Louis University

Parks College of Engineering and Aviation of Saint Louis University [1i] has a tradition of offering an outstanding aerospace engineering education to prepare students at the undergraduate and graduate level for careers in commercial aviation, defense systems, and space systems fields. Courses are offered across the engineering spectrum (aerospace, electrical and computer engineering, and physics departments) ranging from an introduction to aerospace engineering to spacecraft design, spacecraft communications, and space physics. Students participate in courses that include orbital mechanics, space dynamics, spacecraft engineering, and space systems. Senior capstone project work is also included. A separate Astronautics Engineering track as well as a Minor in Space Systems Engineering for non-aerospace engineering students is currently being developed. A, number of student-driven space systems projects are in process that involve design, development, and test of small satellites similar to those recently highlighted in the March 2009 Systems article entitled The First one Hundred University-Class Spacecraft 1981 - 2008. Reference [4] identifies student spacecraft launched over the past 27 years.     

网络虚拟现实系统综述

虚拟现实是发展迅速的技术,有很大的应用潜力。网络虚拟现实已引起越来越多的关注。本文概述了目前典型的网络虚拟现实系统以及设计和实现网络虚拟现实系统的关键技术。最后指出,网络虚拟现实作为一个具有吸引力又富于挑战的领域,仍有许多有待研究和突破的问题。     

航空与航天大气环境医学工程及其进展

[目的]阐明突破空间大气环境障碍的人机工程内容之一航空航天大气环境医学工程的作用,地位与相互关系及主要进展。 [方法]在运用苏俄和美国等有关资料以及我国预研资料的基础上,对航空航天大气环境医学工程进行较系统的阐述。 [内容]航空航天大气环境因素的危害、航空大气环境医学工程的作用、航天大气环境医学工程的作用、航空航天大气环境医学工程的相互关系。[结论]航空航天大气环境医学工程的基本作用是防护低压、缺氧、高低温和舱内污染等4大有害因素,它保证了飞行员和航天员的安全性并兼顾了航天员的适居性和工效学要求。航空航天大气环境医学工程的相互关系是 3个结合:航空医学与航天医学 (医医结合),航空工程与航天工程 (工工结合),航空航天医学与航空航天工程 (医工结合),而且尚待进一步加强。资料表明,航空航天大气环境医学工程展示了高新的发展前景。     

Human factors in underwater systems

Applications of human factors to undersea engineering and the relationship to aerospace science are explored. Cooperative ventures include the TEKTITE underwater habitat and development of better procedures to prevent decompression sickness. Other research involved the use of alternate gases in diving systems, remote-operation vehicles, and diving system tests.     

航天飞行器热防护系统及防热材料研究现状

随着航天技术发展,飞行器的飞行速度更快,服役环境更加恶劣,有效的热防护系统是保证飞行器安全飞行的关键系统之一。本文综述了被动防热系统、主动防热系统和半被动防热系统3类热防护系统在航天飞行器上的应用现状,重点介绍了金属基复合材料、碳基复合材料、陶瓷基复合材料、树脂基复合材料和气凝胶材料,5类防热材料在航天领域的应用发展情况,并提出了航天飞行器未来热防护的发展趋势。     

Real-Time Specifications of the Geospace Environment

We report the recent progress in our joint program of real-time mapping of ionospheric electric fields and currents and field-aligned currents through the Geospace Environment Data Analysis System (GEDAS) at the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and similar computer systems in the world. Data from individual ground magnetometers as well as from the solar wind are collected by these systems and are used as input for the KRM and AMIE magnetogram-inversion algorithms, which calculate the two-dimensional distribution of the ionospheric parameters. One of the goals of this program is to specify the solar-terrestrial environment in terms of ionospheric processes, providing the scientific community with more than what geomagnetic activity indices and statistical models provide. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

航空航天智能材料与智能结构研究进展

智能材料作为新兴多功能材料,能够实现结构功能化、功能多样化。智能结构是在结构中集成智能材料作为传感器和驱动器,使结构除了具有承载、传力、连接等功能外,还具有自感知、自诊断、自驱动、自修复等能力,以更好地适应外界环境的变化,可显著提升航空航天架构的性能。目前智能材料与智能结构已成为航空航天架构减重增效研究的重点。根据国内外智能材料和结构的研究进展,综述了压电材料、铁磁材料、形状记忆材料、智能复合材料等智能材料的发展;讨论了智能结构的研究及应用前景,包括自诊断智能结构、自修复智能结构和减振降噪智能结构;最后,指出了智能材料与结构当前面临的一些挑战性问题,展望了其在航空航天领域的应用前景。     

航空航天新型电机发展及应用分析

近几年随着航空航天领域的不断发展,对航空航天用电机的要求也在不断提高,随之便产生了一批新型电机.其中,比较具有代表性的有超声波电机、磁悬浮电机、开关磁阻电机,分别对这三种电机进行了概念以及原理的表述.接下来分析了这三种电机的优缺点以及其分类方式,并评价了其研究现状以及应用领域.最后着重总结了这三种新型电机在航空航天领域的应用,并对其发展进行展望.     

热环境对飞行器壁板结构动特性的影响

 高超声速飞行器在巡航或再入过程中面临着严酷的气动力/热/噪声等复合环境,对热防护系统结构的完整性和耐久性提出了严峻挑战。热环境下的动特性是进行结构动态响应分析和优化设计的基础,本文对四周简支的飞行器热防护系统金属加筋壁板热动特性进行了分析,使用有限元软件NASTRAN建立分析模型,基于理论和有限元方法获得了壁板结构热屈曲临界温度,研究了热环境对固有振动频率和固有振型的影响,对比分析了均匀和非均匀温度场对结构模态的影响。结果表明,壁板结构在热环境下易发生屈曲,热模态分析中需考虑热屈曲、大位移变形等因素。同时证实热环境对壁板结构动特性影响较大,结构的固有振动频率随热环境下弹性模量的降低而减小,热应力对结构的固有振动频率和振型都有影响,当温度场分布改变时,固有振动频率的变化规律基本相同,固有振型则不同。     

航天继电器推力杆位置的优化分析

航天继电器的可靠性直接影响航天整机的可靠性，分析并研究航天继电器推动杆的优化位置是进行航天继电器可靠性设计的重要环节。以往人们对航天继电器磁系统、簧片系统做了很多研究工作，但在推动杆位置方面的研究工作很少。提出了一种分析航天继电器推动杆优化位置的方法，即从电磁力、电磁力矩、电磁力做功、位移等四方面，研究直簧系统推动杆的最优位置。研究结论可用于指导航天继电器的参数优化设计、可靠性设计及整体装配调试。     

我国高等学校在航空航天领域的研究现状及前沿分析

高等学校是航空航天原始创新的重要发源地,在航空航天技术发展和进步中发挥了重要作用。为了分析我国高等学校在航空航天领域的发展情况,以JCR 收录的航空航天工程类期刊为数据源,选取2011—2020年我国高等学校发表论文,利用CiteSpace 软件对航空航天领域的论文发表情况、机构合作关系、关键词共现、关键词聚类等进行可...