航空航天智能材料与智能结构研究进展

智能材料作为新兴多功能材料,能够实现结构功能化、功能多样化。智能结构是在结构中集成智能材料作为传感器和驱动器,使结构除了具有承载、传力、连接等功能外,还具有自感知、自诊断、自驱动、自修复等能力,以更好地适应外界环境的变化,可显著提升航空航天架构的性能。目前智能材料与智能结构已成为航空航天架构减重增效研究的重点。根据国内外智能材料和结构的研究进展,综述了压电材料、铁磁材料、形状记忆材料、智能复合材料等智能材料的发展;讨论了智能结构的研究及应用前景,包括自诊断智能结构、自修复智能结构和减振降噪智能结构;最后,指出了智能材料与结构当前面临的一些挑战性问题,展望了其在航空航天领域的应用前景。

Advance of Aerospace Smart Material and Structure

As the newly developing functional material, smart material has become the important material and has the broad application prospects in aerospace engineering. Smart structure is the integration of smart material as actuators and sensors in structural components. The goal of this integration is the creation of a material system having the ability of self-sensing, self-diagnosis, self-actuating and self-healing. Smart structure can adapt to the change of environment and im-prove the performance of modern aircraft. Smart material and structure has become the research focuses in aerospace ifeld. In this paper, the comprehension review is made of the state of smart material and structural systems. Finally, some existing problems in this field are pointed out and the development trend of smart material and structure in aerospace field is pre-sented.