Robust Hybrid Control for Ballistic Missile Longitudinal Autopilot

This paper investigates the boost phase’s longitudinal autopilot of a ballistic missile equipped with thrust vector control. The existing longitudinal autopilot employs time-invariant passive resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) network compensator as a control strategy, which does not take into account the time-varying missile dynamics. This may cause the closed-loop system instability in the presence of large disturbance and dynamics uncertainty. Therefore, the existing controller should be redesigned to achieve more stable vehicle response. In this paper, based on gain-scheduling adaptive control strategy, two different types of optimal controllers are proposed. The first controller is gain-scheduled optimal tuning-proportional-integral-derivative (PID) with actuator constraints, which supplies better response but requires a priori knowledge of the system dynamics. Moreover, the controller has oscillatory response in the presence of dynamic uncertainty. Taking this into account, gain-scheduled optimal linear quadratic (LQ) in conjunction with optimal tuning-compensator offers the greatest scope for controller improvement in the presence of dynamic uncertainty and large disturbance. The latter controller is tested through various scenarios for the validated nonlinear dynamic flight model of the real ballistic missile system with autopilot exposed to external disturbances.     

Robust控制器在导弹自动驾驶仪中的应用

本文提出一种改进自动驾驶仪性能的方案。在导弹自动驾驶仪原回路的基础上增加Robust控制器,这种方案可提高驾驶仪对参数变化的Robust性能。本文详细叙述了Robust控制器结合自动驾驶仪的设计方法,并用仿真结果说明了Robust控制器在本算例中所起的作用。     

Nonlinear autopilot for high maneuverability of bank-to-turnmissiles

This paper presents a novel approach to autopilot design for highly maneuvering bank-to-turn (BTT) missiles. In the design and performance analysis of the proposed nonlinear autopilot, all nonlinearities of missile dynamics including the coupling between roll, yaw, and pitch channels as well as the asymmetric structure of missile body are taken into full account. It is shown that through a kind of feedback linearization technique along with a singular perturbation-like technique, the input/output (I/O) dynamic characteristics of pitch, yaw, and roll channels are made linear, decoupled, and independent of flight conditions such as air density and missile velocity. In particular, the proposed autopilot controllers can provide excellent set-point tracking performance for roll and pitch channels while keeping the side-slip angle negligible. The generality and practicality of our approach are demonstrated through mathematical analysis and various simulation results using an ILAAT missile     

基于神经网络的导弹稳定控制回路设计方法

基于径向基函数神经网络（RBFNN）的学习能力和逼近特性，将传统方法中的局部/整体构架蕴涵于神经网络内部，对导弹稳定控制律进行局部（定点）/整体（拟合）设计，以简化计算步骤，提高设计方法的通用性和自动化程度，以防空导弹侧向稳定控制回路设计为背景，对所提出的稳定控制回路设计方法进行了仿真，验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

导弹非线性控制系统设计方法研究

导弹过载输出跟踪控制系统是一个非最小相位系统.为了克服非最小相位特性造成的设计控制器的困难,介绍了一种新颖的导弹非线性控制算法--(系统)浸入和(流行)不变算法,将导弹的输出跟踪问题转化为系统的镇定问题.研究和仿真结果表明,这种方法是简单和实用的.     

基于自适应模糊滑模退步控制的直接力/气动力复合控制导弹自动驾驶仪设计

针对直接力/气动力复合控制导弹所具有的强耦合非线性特性,提出了一种基于自适应模糊滑模退步控制的自动驾驶仪设计方法.该方法利用自适应模糊系统所具有的万能逼近特性,对大迎角飞行过程中导弹动力学方程中存在的非线性函数进行逼近,并利用变结构控制所具有对干扰的强鲁棒性,构造误差系统滑模面,克服了逼近误差和外界干扰对控制系统的影响,实现了对大机动指令的精确跟踪.仿真结果表明,所设计的自动驾驶仪对过载指令有良好的跟踪效果,对模型不确定性和外界干扰具有鲁棒性.     

Adaptive block dynamic surface control for integrated missile guidance and autopilot

A novel integrated guidance and autopilot design method is proposed for homing missiles based on the adaptive block dynamic surface control approach. The fully integrated guidance and autopilot model is established by combining the nonlinear missile dynamics with the nonlinear dynamics describing the pursuit situation of a missile and a target in the three-dimensional space. The integrated guidance and autopilot design problem is further converted to a state regulation problem of a time-varying nonlinear system with matched and unmatched uncertainties. A new and simple adaptive block dynamic surface control algorithm is proposed to address such a state regulation problem. The stability of the closed-loop system is proven based on the Lyapunov theory. The six degrees of freedom (6DOF) nonlinear numerical simulation results show that the proposed integrated guidance and autopilot algorithm can ensure the accuracy of target interception and the robust stability of the closed-loop system with respect to the uncertainties in the missile dynamics.     

基于时滞不确定理论的导弹鲁棒控制系统设计

针对含有参数不确定性、干扰和响应延迟的控制系统鲁棒性设计问题,采用状态反馈控制方法设计控制系统,使得闭环控制系统在保证渐进稳定的同时满足H∞性能指标要求.建立导弹控制系统的线性离散模型,将提出的基于时滞不确定理论的设计方法应用于导弹俯仰-偏航通道的自动驾驶仪设计.通过仿真计算,验证了提出的控制系统设计方法在气动参数摄动...     

Missile autopilot design using quasi-LPV polynomial eigenstructure assignment

This paper presents the design of a missile autopilot over its flight envelop using quasi-linear parameter-varying polynomial eigenstructure assignment (PEA). The paper describes the extension of PEA to parameter-varying systems using a nonlinear missile model developed by Horton as an example. The autopilot is designed for a single-plane lateral acceleration control and a 5 degree of freedom (DOF) autopilot is also designed. Both lateral acceleration and augmented lateral acceleration outputs are considered. The lateral acceleration autopilot has nonminimum phase characteristics, and it is shown that the quasi-linear parameter-varying PEA approach can handle nonminimum phase systems unlike classic dynamic inversion techniques. Simulation results are presented over fast variations in Mach number and show that the design is robust.     

应用动态逆和时间尺度分离的BTT导弹控制

基于简化的ＢＴＴ导弹控制设计模型,应用非线性动态和时间尺度分离方法设计了一种非线性ＢＴＴ导弹自动驾驶仪,根据导弹实际的飞行高度和飞行速度,可以计算出导弹动力学系数的标称值,非线性动态逆法正是基于这些动力学系数的标移值,适适合于控制导弹作大空域飞行,六自由度仿真结果一步验证了方法是正确的与有效的。     

Adaptive control for feedback-linearized missiles withuncertainties

A robust adaptive control scheme is proposed that can be applied to a practical autopilot design for feedback-linearized skid-to-turn (STT) missiles with aerodynamic uncertainties. The approach is to add a robust adaptive controller to a feedback-linearizing controller in order to reduce the influence of the aerodynamic uncertainties. The proposed robust adaptive control scheme is based on a sliding mode control technique with an adaptive law for estimating the unknown upper bounds of uncertain parameters. A feature of the proposed scheme is that missile systems with aerodynamic uncertainties can be controlled effectively over a wide operating range of flight conditions. It is shown, using Lyapunov stability theory, that the proposed scheme can give sufficient tracking capability and stability for a feedback-linearized STT missile with aerodynamic uncertainties. The six-degree-of-freedom nonlinear simulation results also show that good performance for several uncertainty models and engagement scenarios can be achieved by the proposed scheme in practical night conditions     

Dynamics and autopilot design for endoatmospheric interceptors with dual control systems

The nonlinear system model of an endoatmospheric missile whose attitude is controlled by tail fins and reaction jets is presented. By choosing the divert accelerations and rotational rates as output variables, the internal dynamics of the nonlinear system are derived and are proved to be bounded under a bounded input. The blending principle of the reaction jets and tail fins is addressed to ensure that the normal acceleration is principally maintained by angle-of-attack or sideslip angle. An autopilot is designed by using the feedback linearization technique. Results of a numerical simulation of an autopilot design example show the effectiveness of the proposed blending principle and the autopilot design.     

Roll-pitch-yaw autopilot design for nonlinear time-varying missile using partial state observer based global fast terminal sliding mode control

The acceleration autopilot design for skid-to-turn (STT) missile faces a great challenge owing to coupling effect among planes, variation of missile velocity and its parameters, inexistence of a complete state vector, and nonlinear aerodynamics. Moreover, the autopilot should be designed for the entire flight envelope where fast variations exist. In this paper, a design of inte-grated roll-pitch-yaw autopilot based on global fast terminal sliding mode control (GFTSMC) with a partial state nonlinear observer (PSNLO) for STT nonlinear time-varying missile model, is employed to address these issues. GFTSMC with a novel sliding surface is proposed to nullify the integral error and the singularity problem without application of the sign function. The pro-posed autopilot consisting of two-loop structure, controls STT maneuver and stabilizes the rolling with a PSNLO in order to estimate the immeasurable states as an output while its inputs are missile measurable states and control signals. The missile model considers the velocity variation, gravity effect and parameters’ variation. Furthermore, the environmental conditions’ dynamics are mod-eled. PSNLO stability and the closed loop system stability are studied. Finally, numerical simula-tion is established to evaluate the proposed autopilot performance and to compare it with existing approaches in the literature.     

摆动喷管控制导弹回路成形自动驾驶仪设计

针对摆动喷管控制防空导弹存在的伺服气动弹性问题,利用鲁棒回路成形方法在导弹的纵向通道设计了自动驾驶仪。首先,建立了考虑一阶弹性振动影响的纵向小扰动线性化模型;然后考虑到控制系统设计中存在的导弹自身以及外界干扰等不确定因素的影响,采用回路成形的方法,根据系统性能指标的要求,选取了系统期望回路成形函数,构造了防空导弹纵向自动驾驶仪回路成形设计框架,给出了鲁棒回路成形控制增益K∞;最后,对其进行了数字仿真。仿真结果表明,所设计的系统具有良好的鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒性能。     

攻击地面固定目标寻的导弹的一体化制导与控制(英文)

This paper presents a scheme of integrated guidance and autopilot design for homing missiles against ground fixed targets. An integrated guidance and control model in the pitch plane is formulated and further changed into a normal form by nonlinear coordinate transformation. By adopting the sliding mode control approach, an adaptive nonlinear control law of the system is designed so that the missile can hit the target accurately with a desired impact attitude angle. The stability analysis of the closed-loop system is also conducted. The numerical simulation has confirmed the usefulness of the proposed design scheme.     

有输入未建模动态的导弹鲁棒控制器设计

在导弹系统俯仰通道中存在输入未建模动态情况下，提出了一种基于RBF神经网络和反演控制技术的非线性鲁棒控制器的设计方法。首先应用两个RBF神经网络对输入未建模动态设计了神经网络逆补偿器．然后利用反演控制技术设计了导弹非线性控制器．最后应用Lyapunov稳定性理论推导出RBF神经网络权重矢量调节律，证明了系统的所有信号均有界且全局指数收敛至原点。最后给出的BTT导弹非线性六自由度数字仿真结果显示了该设计方法的有效性。     

Design of optimal midcourse guidance sliding-mode control for missiles with TVC

This work discusses a nonlinear midcourse missile controller with thrust vector control (TVC) inputs for the interception of a theater ballistic missile, including autopilot system and guidance system. First, a three degree-of-freedom (DOF) optimal midcourse guidance law is designed to minimize the control effort and the distance between the missile and the target. Then, converting the acceleration command from guidance law into attitude command, a quaternion-based sliding-mode attitude controller is proposed to track the attitude command and to cope with the effects from variations of missile's inertia, aerodynamic force, and wind gusts. The exponential stability of the overall system is thoroughly analyzed via Lyapunov stability theory. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law and the associated TVC.     

基于自适应滑模与模糊控制的导弹直接力/气动力复合控制系统优化设计

 针对导弹直接力/气动力复合控制问题,提出了一种基于自适应滑模控制(ASMC)与模糊逻辑的自动驾驶仪设计方法。该方法将整个导弹控制系统分为气动力控制子系统(ACS)和直接力控制子系统(RCS)两部分。前者采用自适应滑模控制理论进行设计,利用其所具有的强鲁棒性优点,克服了包括参数摄动与外界扰动在内的各类不确定性因素的影响。后者通过基于规则的模糊推理来确定不同条件下直接力作用的大小,以辅助提高气动力子系统的性能。在控制系统结构确定的条件下,利用遗传算法(GA)对各参数进行优化,实现了两个子系统之间的协调工作。仿真结果表明,所提出的控制方案对机动指令具有较好的跟踪效果,适用于直接力/气动力复合控制导弹的控制系统设计。     

Automatic landing system using neural networks and radio-technical subsystems

The paper focuses on the design of a new automatic landing system(ALS) in longitudinal plane; the new ALS controls the aircraft trajectory and longitudinal velocity. Aircraft control is achieved by means of a proportional-integral(PI) controller and the instrumental landing system– the first phase of landing(the glide slope) and a proportional-integral-derivative(PID) controller together with a radio-altimeter – the second phase of landing(the flare); both controllers modify the reference model associated with aircraft pitch angle. The control of the pitch angle and longitudinal velocity is performed by a neural network adaptive control system, based on the dynamic inversion concept, having the following as components: a linear dynamic compensator, a linear observer, reference models, and a Pseudo control hedging(PCH) block. The theoretical results are software implemented and validated by complex numerical simulations; compared with other ALSs having the same radio-technical subsystems but with conventional or fuzzy controllers for the control of aircraft pitch angle and longitudinal velocity, the architecture designed in this paper is characterized by much smaller overshoots and stationary errors.     

ROBUST ADAPTIVE BANK-TO-TURN MISSILE AUTOPILOT DESIGN USING FUZZY CMAC NEURAL NETWORKS

ＲＯＢＵＳＴＡＤＡＰＴＩＶＥＢＡＮＫ┐ＴＯ┐ＴＵＲＮＭＩＳＳＩＬＥＡＵＴＯＰＩＬＯＴＤＥＳＩＧＮＵＳＩＮＧＦＵＺＺＹＣＭＡＣＮＥＵＲＡＬＮＥＴＷＯＲＫＳＺｈａｎｇＹｏｕａｎ（张友安）,ＣｕｉＰｉｎｇｙｕａｎ（崔平远）,ＷａｎｇＳｈｏｕｂｉｎｇ（王守斌...