基于Backstepping和扰动观测器的导引律

考虑目标机动和自动驾驶仪动态特性等情况,基于扰动观测器(DOB)技术及Backstepping的设计思想,提出了一种新型的三维导引律。运用Backstepping的设计思想,将包含驾驶仪动态特性的制导环路分为外环和内环两个环路。将目标机动及俯仰和偏航平面间的交叉耦合项当成外环扰动,将驾驶仪参数不确定当成内环扰动,分别设计内外扰动观测器将它们估计出来,利用估计值做前馈补偿得到的外环控制器可抑制目标机动对制导精度的影响及实现两个平面的解耦控制,内环控制器补偿驾驶仪动态特性对制导精度的影响。导引律的设计在于使得导弹的实际加速度跟踪上外环的虚拟控制。仿真结果表明:在目标做大机动、考虑驾驶仪动态特性的情况下,这种导引律仍然具有良好的制导精度。     

三维制导的几何方法与鲁棒控制方法

 在考虑导弹速度和目标速度均为时变的情况下,将微分几何方法与李雅普诺夫稳定理论结合起来,提出了一种导弹三维导引规律设计新方法。对机动目标,PPNG方法的主要问题是在导引末段,它要求导弹在俯仰和偏航通道上具有较大的加速度,为了解决这一问题,本文应用基于李雅普诺夫稳定理论的鲁棒控制方法,提出了一种三维鲁棒制导算法。这种方法在导引末段不需要过大的加速度命令,不需要知道目标精确的加速度和速度方位信息。     

BTT导弹的抖动抑制多模型切换控制

 基于线性系统特征结构配置和模型跟踪方法,以及优化工具,提出了可以有效抑制抖动的多模型切换控制策略,并用该策略设计了 BTT导弹俯仰 /偏航通道的自动驾驶仪。在导弹的整个飞行轨道上选取了若干点,分别建立起描述 BTT导弹俯仰 /偏航运动的线性时不变数学模型。对各个线性时不变模型,分别用特征结构配置方法设计反馈控制器对系统进行镇定。为了使导弹过载跟踪制导指令,又基于模型跟踪方法设计了前馈控制器。当导弹跨越不同特征点区域时,控制器要进行切换。为了减小切换时的抖动,针对切换后的特征结构配置反馈控制器,利用优化工具合理选取其自由度。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法令导弹的输出过载准确跟踪制导指令,而且切换抖动得到有效抑制。     

滚转弹两框架导引头的前馈补偿技术

针对弹体滚转情况下两框架平台式导引头的伺服控制问题,基于导引头运动学和动力学,建立了导引头稳定回路模型。结合弹体滚转条件下的导引头输入指令和输出视线角速率关系,构建了视线闭环回路。针对偏航、俯仰通道间的解耦控制问题,推导出解耦条件,要求两通道由失调角到光轴转动角速度的传递函数相同。仿真分析了该模型在视线角输入以及弹体姿态扰动输入时,弹体滚转对导引头跟踪精度产生的影响,并由此提出了滚转角速度前馈补偿控制方案。结果表明,采用结合滚转角前馈补偿控制的两框架平台式导引头方案可以满足滚转弹的制导精度要求。     

大气层内导弹姿态控制方法研究

本文以大气层内导弹为研究对象,对导弹的姿态控制方法进行研究.根据大气层内导弹运动方程组及空气动力方程等得出导弹的姿态控制系统数学模型.由于导弹的姿态控制数学模型是强耦合、非线性的,因而在控制器设计之前,采用小扰动理论进行线性化处理,得到俯仰、偏航、滚转三个通道的传递函数.针对特征点,采用PD控制方法分别设计三通道的控制律,在此基础上,进一步设计了基于增益调度的PD控制规律.仿真结果表明,提出的姿态控制方法可以实现大气层内导弹的姿态控制,满足指标要求.     

基于NBF网络的导弹航向平面滑模控制导引一体化

提出了一种反舰导弹针对水面机动目标的航向平面控制导引一体化设计方案。建立了航向平面的一体化控制导引模型,然后基于NBF网络切换增益调节和滑模控制的思想进行了控制导引律的设计,为了验证该一体化设计的有效性和正确性,进行了仿真计算。仿真结果表明,针对高机动的水面目标命中精度很高。     

反舰导弹航向平面控制导引一体化设计

提出了一种反舰导弹针对水面机动目标的航向平面控制导引一体化设计方案。建立了航向平面的一体化控制导引模型．然后基于反演和变结构控制的思想进行了控制导引律的设计，为了验证该一体化设计的有效性和正确性．基于某型导弹进行了仿真计算。仿真结果表明．针对高机动的水面目标时的命中精度很高。     

Roll-pitch-yaw autopilot design for nonlinear time-varying missile using partial state observer based global fast terminal sliding mode control

The acceleration autopilot design for skid-to-turn (STT) missile faces a great challenge owing to coupling effect among planes, variation of missile velocity and its parameters, inexistence of a complete state vector, and nonlinear aerodynamics. Moreover, the autopilot should be designed for the entire flight envelope where fast variations exist. In this paper, a design of inte-grated roll-pitch-yaw autopilot based on global fast terminal sliding mode control (GFTSMC) with a partial state nonlinear observer (PSNLO) for STT nonlinear time-varying missile model, is employed to address these issues. GFTSMC with a novel sliding surface is proposed to nullify the integral error and the singularity problem without application of the sign function. The pro-posed autopilot consisting of two-loop structure, controls STT maneuver and stabilizes the rolling with a PSNLO in order to estimate the immeasurable states as an output while its inputs are missile measurable states and control signals. The missile model considers the velocity variation, gravity effect and parameters’ variation. Furthermore, the environmental conditions’ dynamics are mod-eled. PSNLO stability and the closed loop system stability are studied. Finally, numerical simula-tion is established to evaluate the proposed autopilot performance and to compare it with existing approaches in the literature.     

飞机自动进近和自动着陆的分析研究

本文首先概述了当前民航客机的自动导航、进近、着陆的全过程。随着重点分析了波音737飞机利用SP-77自动飞行控制系统与仪表着陆系然的航向信标仪和下滑仪及机载无线电高度表等设备实现向跑道自动进近和自动着陆的工作过程,并系统介绍了在实现上述过程中,SP-77自动飞行控制系统的自动驾驶仪横滚通道和俯仰通道控制逻辑的建立,系统工作电路的转换,系统的控制规律和工作特点。     

飞行器双自由度耦合振荡的数值模拟方法

针对模拟双自由度(2DOF)运动的"PQR"强迫振荡试验装置,通过坐标变换,将机构运动转化为空间欧拉角进行表示,实现对机构俯仰/偏航、俯仰/滚转和偏航/滚转等3种耦合运动的统一描述,采用预定运动轨迹的动网格计算技术,构造了基于非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(URANS)方程的飞行器双自由度振荡数值模拟方法。围绕某复杂构型飞行器低速流动,在模型迎角10°、滚转角±40°、偏航角±40°振荡预设条件下分别对单自由度偏航、滚转振荡和双自由度偏航/滚转振荡进行了模拟,得到的气动系数迟滞回线在形态和量值上与风洞试验结果吻合,证明当前方法可以作为飞行器复杂耦合运动的一种有效研究手段。针对偏航/滚转耦合振荡,从运动形式和气动特性上与单独偏航、滚转运动进行了对比分析,结果表明,耦合运动在气流角、绕体轴的旋转角速度等方面与单自由度叠加效果不同,力矩系数迟滞回线存在曲线交叉的现象,表现出与单自由度振荡不同的阻尼特性。在当前模拟状态下,偏航/滚转振荡流场以横向分离涡运动为主要特征,可以推测大迎角情况下纵横向分离涡流动结构更加复杂,耦合作用更强,需要进一步在分离流模拟方法上开展研究。     

Missile autopilot design via functional inversion and time-scaled transformation

This paper presents a new approach to acceleration control of STT (Skid-To-Turn) missiles. In the design and stability analysis of our autopilot, we assume perfect roll-stabilization but consider fully all other nonlinearities of the missile dynamics including the coupling effect due to bank angle. Our autopilot controller consists of a partial-linearizing controller and a dynamic compensator. The partial-linearizing controller along with a time scaled transformation can convert the nonlinear missile dynamics to the so-called normalized system which is completely independent of Mach number and almost independent of air density. The dynamic compensator is designed based on this normalized system. This normalized system greatly simplifies the design process of an autopilot controller regardless of flight conditions. Our autopilot controller can provide fast and exact set-point tracking performance but without the slow-varying conditions on angle of attack and side-slip angle required often in the prior works.     

攻击地面固定目标寻的导弹的一体化制导与控制(英文)

This paper presents a scheme of integrated guidance and autopilot design for homing missiles against ground fixed targets. An integrated guidance and control model in the pitch plane is formulated and further changed into a normal form by nonlinear coordinate transformation. By adopting the sliding mode control approach, an adaptive nonlinear control law of the system is designed so that the missile can hit the target accurately with a desired impact attitude angle. The stability analysis of the closed-loop system is also conducted. The numerical simulation has confirmed the usefulness of the proposed design scheme.     

基于弹道模型的磁测系统偏航干扰误差分析

常规弹丸在使用地磁算法测量滚转角的过程中,常将偏航角设为0°解算弹丸滚转角。当弹丸在飞行过程中偏航角发生变化时,滚转角解算精度受到一定影响。针对偏航角变化带来的误差与多种因素有关,且规律不清楚。在建立偏航角误差系数的基础上,使用Matlab软件建立了弹丸在不同偏航角、俯仰角、射向条件下的误差模型。首先建立了横风修正的质点弹道模型,通过蒙特卡罗方法仿真弹丸的轨迹分布,分析了弹载环境下磁测算法的滚转角误差,并验证了误差系数的准确性。通过仿真验证,误差系数可以较准确地表示滚转角误差与偏航角变化之间的关系,误差系数计算的误差与理论误差的差值小于10%,为后续实弹试验做好理论准备。     

Adaptive block dynamic surface control for integrated missile guidance and autopilot

A novel integrated guidance and autopilot design method is proposed for homing missiles based on the adaptive block dynamic surface control approach. The fully integrated guidance and autopilot model is established by combining the nonlinear missile dynamics with the nonlinear dynamics describing the pursuit situation of a missile and a target in the three-dimensional space. The integrated guidance and autopilot design problem is further converted to a state regulation problem of a time-varying nonlinear system with matched and unmatched uncertainties. A new and simple adaptive block dynamic surface control algorithm is proposed to address such a state regulation problem. The stability of the closed-loop system is proven based on the Lyapunov theory. The six degrees of freedom (6DOF) nonlinear numerical simulation results show that the proposed integrated guidance and autopilot algorithm can ensure the accuracy of target interception and the robust stability of the closed-loop system with respect to the uncertainties in the missile dynamics.     

空空导弹越肩发射侧向运动控制器设计

针对空空导弹越肩发射过程,设计了偏航及横滚运动的控制系统。首先分析了越肩发射过程中大攻角阶段的气动特性,提出了控制设计的目标,然后建立了包含未建模特性的偏航/横滚运动方程,在此基础上,利用滑模变结构理论设计了两通道的控制系统,仿真结果表明了该设计方法的有效性。     

Nonlinear hαMissile Longitudinal Autopilot Design with θ- D Method

In this paper, a new nonlinear H_infin control technique, called thetas-D H_infin method, is employed to design a missile longitudinal autopilot. The thetas-D H_infin design has the same structure as that of linear H_infin, except that the two Riccati equations that are part of the solution process are state dependent. The thetas-D technique yields suboptimal solutions to nonlinear optimal control problems in the sense that it provides an approximate solution to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation. It is also shown that this method can be used to provide an approximate closed-form solution to the state dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) and consequently reduce the on-line computations associated with the nonlinear H_infin implementation. A missile longitudinal autopilot design demonstrates the capabilities of thetas-D method. This new nonlinear H_infin design also shows favorable results as compared with the linear H design based on the linearized model.     

BTT导弹机动飞行非线性解耦控制

使用微分几何控制理论研究了 BTT导弹在倾斜转弯时的非线性解耦控制问题。首先给出了非线性系统实现解耦的充要条件 ,然后推导了 BTT导弹在倾斜转弯时的非线性解耦控制律 ,最后利用所推导的控制律对某型 BTT导弹进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明 :所设计的非线性解耦控制律能很好地抑制导弹在倾斜转弯时的纵侧耦合 ,同时导弹的纵向过载及滚转角能很好地跟踪参考输入指令。     

基于时滞不确定理论的导弹鲁棒控制系统设计

针对含有参数不确定性、干扰和响应延迟的控制系统鲁棒性设计问题,采用状态反馈控制方法设计控制系统,使得闭环控制系统在保证渐进稳定的同时满足H∞性能指标要求.建立导弹控制系统的线性离散模型,将提出的基于时滞不确定理论的设计方法应用于导弹俯仰-偏航通道的自动驾驶仪设计.通过仿真计算,验证了提出的控制系统设计方法在气动参数摄动...     

Adaptive control for feedback-linearized missiles withuncertainties

A robust adaptive control scheme is proposed that can be applied to a practical autopilot design for feedback-linearized skid-to-turn (STT) missiles with aerodynamic uncertainties. The approach is to add a robust adaptive controller to a feedback-linearizing controller in order to reduce the influence of the aerodynamic uncertainties. The proposed robust adaptive control scheme is based on a sliding mode control technique with an adaptive law for estimating the unknown upper bounds of uncertain parameters. A feature of the proposed scheme is that missile systems with aerodynamic uncertainties can be controlled effectively over a wide operating range of flight conditions. It is shown, using Lyapunov stability theory, that the proposed scheme can give sufficient tracking capability and stability for a feedback-linearized STT missile with aerodynamic uncertainties. The six-degree-of-freedom nonlinear simulation results also show that good performance for several uncertainty models and engagement scenarios can be achieved by the proposed scheme in practical night conditions     

地空导弹LQG/LTR增益调度自动驾驶仪设计(英文)

采用线性二次高斯/回路传递复现(LQG/LTR)增益调度技术设计地空导弹增益调度自动驾驶仪。为消除传统"试错"设计过程在系统中所引起的人为不确定性,提出一种基于极点配置的目标回路设计方法。此方法提供了由体现性能指标要求的期望极点构造矩阵微分Riccati方程(MDRE)的具体算法。同时,还证明了引入积分环节扩展被控对象动力学,能够有效抑制LQG/LTR增益调度控制器的快模态,从而为LQG/LTR增益调度技术的工程应用扫清了一个障碍。采用所提出的方法设计了地空导弹LQG/LTR增益调度自动驾驶仪。设计及仿真结果表明,控制器的快模态得到了明显抑制,同时,在飞行马赫数和高度变化的情况下,自动驾驶仪具有稳定的动力学特性。