Reliability estimation of mechanical seals based on bivariate dependence analysis and considering model uncertainty

The reliability estimation of mechanical seals is of crucial importance due to their wide applications in pumps in various mechanical systems. Failure of mechanical seals might cause leakage, and might lead to system failure and other relevant consequences. In this study, the reliability estimation for mechanical seals based on bivariate dependence analysis and considering model uncertainty is proposed. The friction torque and leakage rate are two degradation performance indicators of mechanical seals that can be described by the Wiener process, Gamma process, and inverse Gaussian process. The dependence between the two indicators can be described by different copula functions. Then the model uncertainty is considered in the reliability estimation using the Bayesian Model Average (BMA) method, while the unknown parameters in the model are estimated by Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. A numerical simulation study and fatigue crack study are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the BMA method to capture model uncertainty. A degradation test of mechanical seals is conducted to verify the proposed model. The optimal stochastic process models for two performance indicators and copula function are determined based on the degradation data. The results show the necessity of using the BMA method in degradation modeling.     

基于最小熵的多通道SAR系统相位误差估计与补偿

采用多通道合成的方法来增加信号带宽,是提高合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统距离分辨率的一种有效技术手段。针对多通道间相位失配的问题,建立了通道相位误差的频域多项式模型,提出了一种基于最小熵的通道相位误差估计与补偿方法。以距离向压缩脉冲图像的信息熵作为目标函数,误差多项式系数为估计变量,基于最小熵准则建立了相位误差的最优化估计模型。该方法能有效弥补内定标或外定标方法的不足,且不依赖于成像场景的地物类型,只需抽取少量回波数据作为误差估计的样本,具有耗费存储空间少、收敛速度快、不损失信噪比的优点。对不同场景的八通道实测数据进行了处理,实验结果验证了本文方法的有效性和稳健性。     

橡胶密封性能多元双方差回归分析方法

建立了橡胶密封材料压缩永久变形的加速老化模型及其多元双方差回归分析方法,给出了密封性能的回归方程及其高置信水平、高可靠度的单侧置信上限曲线,并建立了可靠贮存寿命、贮存可靠度的计算方法.橡胶密封性能的多元双方差回归模型包含与时间有关的过程自变量和与温度有关的状态自变量,可以将不同温度下的加速老化试验数据作为一个整体进行回归分析,充分利用了不同时刻压缩永久变形间的纵向信息,具有信息量大、精度高且计算简单的特点.      

无失效试验数据系统可靠性评估方法研究

理论上,样本量越大,通过估计得出的值越精确。但许多武器装备造价昂贵,危险性高,不可能做大量的现场试验进行可靠性分析,面临着如何探求无失效情况下高可靠性装备的评估问题。文中基于元件的无失效成败型试验数据,研究了指数型元件组成系统的可靠性评仆方法。     

基于单故障叠加的航天器故障数据仿真方法

针对测试故障诊断系统可靠性的问题,在传统基于对故障航天器的参数估计模拟的故障数据仿真基础上,提出一种基于单故障叠加模型的航天器复杂故障数据仿真方法,新型数据仿真方法能够在有限次迭代的情况下逐次逼近仿真航天器故障数据,对航天器故障的仿真实验证明,该方法可广泛应用于各类航天器故障诊断系统的测试过程。     

航空发动机结构可靠性优化方法研究

通过采用多项式响应面的近似模型和模拟退火寻优技术．建立了航空发动机结构可靠性优化方法：采用多项式响应面为近似模型构造状态变量和目标函数与设计变量的关系,并采用模拟退火算法对响应面模型进行寻优,通过替代距离目标最远点,重构响应面进行模拟退火寻优。涡轮盘结构可靠性优化分析算例结果表明,涡轮盘结构在满足强度和寿命可靠性约束前...     

用自助法估计外弹道测量数据随机误差分布特性

针对外弹道测量数据的有限性使随机误差的分布估计不够准确的问题,提出了基于Bootstrap（自助）方法的外弹道测量数据随机误差分布特性估计。首先对测量数据采用样条分频技术得到随机误差的初步估计,然后采用三次多项式拟合修正样本经验分布函数,替换传统Bootstrap方法中经验分布函数,得到随机误差的Bootstrap样本,计算Bootstrap样本的统计量,从而得到精度较高的外弹道测量数据随机误差模型。从仿真数据验证结果来看,解决了传统Bootstrap方法仿真随机样本相对比较集中的问题。     

Duane模型的导数最小二乘估计

 针对传统最小二乘估计仅仅考虑回归模型曲线本身的试验样本,不能同时对曲线动态变化规律进行描述、未能充分利用模型与数据信息的问题,依据在一次观测中待定参数的取值应使得随机样本与模型各阶导函数在概率尺度下具有最小距离的原理,通过构造模型曲线导数意义下的损失函数,提出了一种能够综合利用模型与试验数据导数信息的导数最小乘方估计方法,推广了传统最小二乘估计的模型条件与使用范围。并结合复杂可修产品可靠性增长的Duane模型给出了参数的一般导数最小二乘估计与最佳导数最小二乘估计式,证明了模型参数的导数最小二乘估计较传统最小二乘估计具有更好的统计性质。为实际中确定模型曲线,进行工程预测提供了一条新的技术途径。     

垂直起降运载火箭返回轨迹不确定性优化

针对垂直起降运载火箭一子级在返回着陆的过程中存在的参数不确定性,提出了一种基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开的序列优化和可靠度评估的返回轨迹不确定性优化方法。首先,建立了返回多飞行段轨迹在确定性条件下的优化模型。然后,为同时兼顾轨迹的鲁棒性和可靠性,建立了由鲁棒最优目标函数、基于可靠度的路径约束和鲁棒等式约束组成的不确定性返回轨迹优化模型。最后,基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开方法对鲁棒目标函数和等式约束进行量化处理,将原随机鲁棒优化问题转化为高维状态空间中的等价确定性优化问题;为提高路径约束的可靠度评估效率,基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开方法对最可能点法进行改进,进一步发展了序列优化和可靠度评估策略。数值仿真结果表明,所提出的不确定性优化方法具有较好的鲁棒性,可以满足工程可靠性指标要求,同时还具有较高的精度和计算效率。     

基于加速退化数据的某型电连接器可靠性评估

某型电连接器属于高可靠性、长寿命产品,在短时间内很难获取其失效数据。为了评估其可靠性,在分析其失效机理的基础上设计了步进加速退化试验,通过分析加速退化数据外推出产品在正常工作应力水平下的可靠度函数。试验中以电连接器的接触电阻作为性能参量,选取温度作为加速应力。数据分析时,利用Wiener随机过程对样品退化进行建模。为了提高模型参数的估计精度,采用极大似然法对所有性能退化数据进行整体统计推断。外推其在工作温度下的可靠度时,针对工作温度不恒定的情况利用等效温度表示温度对该产品的综合作用效果。结果表明,提出的基于加速退化数据分析的方法实用、有效,成功实现了某型电连接器的可靠性评估,并可为其他高可靠性产品的可靠性评估工作提供借鉴。     

性能退化双线性过程方法与成组试验方法的比较

针对性能退化可靠性分析问题,将双线性过程方法与成组试验方法进行了对比分析.首先,从理论层面阐述了双线性过程方法和成组试验方法对性能退化数据的建模过程,可以发现:双线性过程方法通过将性能退化数据作为一个整体进行统计分析,能够避免两步估计造成的信息浪费,提高分析精度.其次,以窗雨刮器开关性能退化试验为例进行了对比分析,结果表明,双线性过程方法共有2.5%的试验数据位于概率为90%的百分位值曲线估计结果上方,符合工程实际需要,而成组试验方法共有15%的试验数据位于百分位值曲线估计结果上方.此外,基于残差分析的模型检验结果表明双线性过程方法更为合理.     

结合离线知识的时变结构模态参数在线辨识

飞行器的结构模态参数在线获取对其高效、可靠运行具有重要意义。传统时变结构模态参数辨识方法存在辨识虚假结果较多，抵抗测量数据中的极端异常值能力差等问题，难以有效应用于在线过程。建立一种基于长短时记忆网络的时变结构模态参数在线辨识网络模型，通过数据集构建过程离线地引入先验信息，同时结合模型自身特性，有效提升制约在线辨识应用的可靠性。实验结果表明：在不同时变规律下，与传统辨识方法相比，在线辨识模型能有效缓解虚假结果问题，同时保证辨识结果的连续性；采用α稳定分布模型对脉冲噪声进行建模，验证了其在测量数据包含由于偶发因素产生的极端异常值时在线辨识鲁棒性。     

对 GJB/Z77 多台同型产品增长模型的分析

GJB/Z77的附录A中,阐述了如何应用AMSAA模型进行多台同型产品的可靠性增长,给出了趋势检验、参数估计和拟合优度检验的方法,并提供了一个实例。对该模型进行了分析,指出GJB/Z77中存在的错误。     

系统可靠性增长评估模型研究

根据系统在研制期间故障强度变化规律,考虑故障间隔时间影响的情况下,提出了广义可靠性增长评估模型,分析了其参数特性,并给出了拟合优度检验方法;然后,给出了定时截尾和定数截尾情况下,模型参数的极大似然估计公式,采用Simpson方法将积分函数化为求和函数,使得参数估计计算方便,给出了趋势检验方法给出了可靠性增长评估公式;最后,结合发动机故障数据进行了的实例分析,结果表明,模型对试验数据拟合较好,评估结果符合工程实际,模型具有实际应用价值.      

Fuzzy robust nonlinear control approach for electro-hydraulic flight motion simulator

A fuzzy robust nonlinear controller for hydraulic rotary actuators in flight motion simulators is proposed. Compared with other three-order models of hydraulic rotary actuators, the proposed controller based on first-order nonlinear model is more easily applied in practice, whose control law is relatively simple. It not only does not need high-order derivative of desired command,but also does not require the feedback signals of velocity, acceleration and jerk of hydraulic rotary actuators. Another advantage is that it does not rely on any information of friction, inertia force and external disturbing force/torque, which are always difficult to resolve in flight motion simulators. Due to the special composite vane seals of rectangular cross-section and goalpost shape used in hydraulic rotary actuators, the leakage model is more complicated than that of traditional linear hydraulic cylinders. Adaptive multi-input single-output(MISO) fuzzy compensators are introduced to estimate nonlinear uncertain functions about leakage and bulk modulus. Meanwhile, the decomposition of the uncertainties is used to reduce the total number of fuzzy rules. Different from other adaptive fuzzy compensators, a discontinuous projection mapping is employed to guarantee the estimation process to be bounded. Furthermore, with a sufficient number of fuzzy rules, the controller theoretically can guarantee asymptotic tracking performance in the presence of the above uncertainties, which is very important for high-accuracy tracking control of flight motion simulators.Comparative experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which can guarantee transient performance and better final accurate tracking in the presence of uncertain nonlinearities and parametric uncertainties.     

Markov随机跳变系统的传感器系统误差估计

 针对Markov随机跳变系统的系统误差估计问题,提出一种基于马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(MCMC)和最大似然估计相结合的在线系统误差估计方法。利用最大似然估计给出系统误差等效后验概率分布函数,采用Metropolis-Hastings抽样方法从该概率分布函数中进行抽样;利用系统误差估计和状态估计互为因果的关系,采用期望极大化(EM)方法迭代估计出最优的系统误差;分别对时变和时不变系统误差场景进行仿真分析,结果表明,在考虑系统误差统计特性的同时,所提方法对解决目标运动模型难以建立情况下的系统误差估计问题具有可行性和有效性。     

Study on segmented distribution for reliability evaluation

In practice, the failure rate of most equipment exhibits different tendencies at different stages and even its failure rate curve behaves a multimodal trace during its life cycle. As a result, traditionally evaluating the reliability of equipment with a single model may lead to severer errors. However, if lifetime is divided into several different intervals according to the characteristics of its failure rate, piecewise fitting can more accurately approximate the failure rate of equipment. There-fore, in this paper, failure rate is regarded as a piecewise function, and two kinds of segmented dis-tribution are put forward to evaluate reliability. In order to estimate parameters in the segmented reliability function, Bayesian estimation and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the seg-mented distribution are discussed in this paper. Since traditional information criterion is not suit-able for the segmented distribution, an improved information criterion is proposed to test and evaluate the segmented reliability model in this paper. After a great deal of testing and verification, the segmented reliability model and its estimation methods presented in this paper are proven more efficient and accurate than the traditional non-segmented single model, especially when the change of the failure rate is time-phased or multimodal. The significant performance of the segmented reli-ability model in evaluating reliability of proximity sensors of leading-edge flap in civil aircraft indi-cates that the segmented distribution and its estimation method in this paper could be useful and accurate.     

基于贝叶斯更新的飞机结构腐蚀可靠度模型

民用飞机结构腐蚀发展的时变性和样本采集的局限性,给腐蚀检测数据分布函数的确定及参数的估计带来了很大的不确定性。针对这一问题,给出了基于贝叶斯公式的合理分布函数选取及参数估计方法。为满足在役飞机结构可靠性动态管理的需求,基于贝叶斯更新思路,将反映结构性能退化共性规律的预测模型视为先验模型,沿着具体结构生命周期不断挖掘利用新信息,建立具体飞机结构腐蚀失效概率和可靠度的动态预测模型。算例采用某型民用飞机地板梁结构腐蚀的无损检测数据,结果显示：腐蚀深度的合理分布为双参数威布尔分布,基于贝叶斯更新后的腐蚀失效概率计算得到的结构可靠度与未更新的显著不同。表明更新后的可靠度因为既考虑了模型参数的历史先验信息,又利用了当前数据实时更新了预测模型,从而有效地降低了有限样本带来的不确定性,使得预测值稳健且具有时变性,更符合工程实际。     

基于可靠性指标的测试系统校准周期优化

通过对测试系统校准周期的直接反应法(SRM)和威布尔(Weibull)可靠性模型法的分析、改进,以及对校准过程中误判率的分析测算,解决了测试系统检定决策的风险问题.首先介绍了测试系统可靠性指标的相关计量技术规范,然后通过对常用的校准周期确定方法的介绍与分析,进一步给出了测量可靠性观测值的可靠性概率函数描述方法,并利用主元分析法来综合评价不同测量参数的影响,修正了最佳校准周期的计算.通过对自动测试系统DMM(数字万用表)测量通道的检定,表明这些优化措施是可行的.      

Research of Step-down Stress Accelerated Degradation Data Assessment Method of a Certain Type of Missile Tank

The performance degradation rates of the missile tank are generally time-varying functions uneasily evaluated by general classical evaluation methods. This paper develops a segmented nonlinear accelerated degradation model (SNADM) based on the equivalent method of accumulative damage theory, which tackles the problem that product life is difficult to be determined with degradation rate being a function of the variable of time. A segmented expression of the function of population accumulative degradation is derived. And combined with nonlinear function, an accelerated degradation function, i.e., SNADM is obtained. The parameters of the SNADM are identified by numerical iteration, and the statistical function of degradation track is extrapolated. The reliability function is determined through the type of random process of the degradation distribution. Then an evaluation of product storage life is undertaken by combining the statistical function of degradation track, reliability function and threshold. An example of a missile tank undergoes a step-down stress accelerated degradation test (SDSADT), in which the results with the SNADM and the classical method are evaluated and compared. The technology introduced is validated with the resultant coincidence of both evaluated and field storage lives.