Reliability estimation of rotary lip seal in aircraft utility system based on time-varying dependence degradation model and its experimental validation

With several attractive properties, rotary lip seals are widely used in aircraft utility system, and their reliability estimation has drawn more and more attention. This work proposes a reliability estimation approach based on time-varying dependence analysis. The dependence between the two performance indicators of rotary lip seals, namely leakage rate and friction torque, is modeled by time-varying copula function with polynomial to denote the time-varying parameters, and an efficient copula selection approach is utilized to select the optimal copula function. Parameter estimation is carried out based on a Bayesian method and the reliability during the whole lifetime is calculated based on a Monte Carlo method. Degradation test for rotary lip seal is conducted and the proposed model is validated by test data. The optimal copula function and optimal order of polynomial are determined based on test data. Results show that this model is effective in estimating the reliability of rotary lip seals and can achieve a better goodness of fit.     

基于贝叶斯模型平均的航空发动机可靠性分析

针对不同失效模式的特点,利用航空发动机状态监测信息,分别采用Gamma过程、Wiener过程和Weibull分布建立可靠性分析模型.采用贝叶斯模型平均（BMA）方法,分析不同失效模式对可靠性影响,对航空发动机可靠性进行集成分析.通过算例跟踪某在翼航空发动机可靠性水平,基于贝叶斯模型平均的航空发动机可靠性模型的计算误差率低于单一可靠性分析模型,计算结果误差率低于1%.说明多模型集成可靠性技术在复杂系统运行可靠性分析中的有效性和准确性.      

基于RF-SVR的燃油计量装置性能衰退检测和剩余寿命估计方法

为了实现航空发动机燃油系统的安全状态监测和健康管理,开展了燃油系统性能衰退检测和剩余使用寿命估计方面的研究。以燃油系统燃油计量装置为例,分析了其主要的性能衰退模式,设计了基于电流-速度数据的健康指标(HIs)选取方案,并考虑环境及模型参数不确定性,进行模型不确定性仿真,基于健康数据与性能衰退数据间的马氏距离对部件性能衰退进行检测。提出了基于随机森林-支持向量回归(RF-SVR)的剩余使用寿命(RUL)估计方法,利用通过RF特征选择优化的SVR模型实现部件RUL估计。最后基于某型民用涡扇发动机机械液压模型仿真数据对该方法进行了验证,结果表明:该方法的性能衰退检测虚警率及漏报率低于2%,RUL估计误差低于3%,可为航空发动机燃油系统的预测性维护提供参考。      

基于贝叶斯更新的飞机结构腐蚀可靠度模型

民用飞机结构腐蚀发展的时变性和样本采集的局限性,给腐蚀检测数据分布函数的确定及参数的估计带来了很大的不确定性。针对这一问题,给出了基于贝叶斯公式的合理分布函数选取及参数估计方法。为满足在役飞机结构可靠性动态管理的需求,基于贝叶斯更新思路,将反映结构性能退化共性规律的预测模型视为先验模型,沿着具体结构生命周期不断挖掘利用新信息,建立具体飞机结构腐蚀失效概率和可靠度的动态预测模型。算例采用某型民用飞机地板梁结构腐蚀的无损检测数据,结果显示：腐蚀深度的合理分布为双参数威布尔分布,基于贝叶斯更新后的腐蚀失效概率计算得到的结构可靠度与未更新的显著不同。表明更新后的可靠度因为既考虑了模型参数的历史先验信息,又利用了当前数据实时更新了预测模型,从而有效地降低了有限样本带来的不确定性,使得预测值稳健且具有时变性,更符合工程实际。     

一种双时间尺度函数Wiener过程性能退化模型

为通过性能退化数据评估产品的可靠性,基于广义Wiener过程提出了一种双时间尺度函数模型以描述产品退化过程。采用极大似然估计(MLE)法求解模型参数,推导了其寿命分布(FTD),进而进行可靠度分析和寿命评估。对模型进行了Monte Carlo模拟验证和实例应用,并将目前常用的混合效应Wiener过程模型作为参考方法进行了对比分析。结果表明:根据90%可靠度曲线的定义,该方法较参考方法的结果更为合理、准确。进一步的寿命评估结果表明,该方法与参考方法的平均寿命相差232.9h,90%可靠寿命结果相差109.4h,且参考方法计算结果偏于危险。      

非接触动静结合型机械密封的主动可控性及其脱开机理

针对非接触动静结合型机械密封运行中的脱开现象和泄漏量控制要求,研究基于改变闭合力的机械密封主动可控方法.在原有基础上完善了动静结合型机械密封主动可控的原理,包括控制策略、控制元件及控制流程;结合高速涡轮泵轴端机械密封,给出了主动控制的设计过程,并理论和试验研究了其可控性和受可控元件影响的性能规律.完善了现有的机械密封脱开理论,并结合试验结果对可控型机械密封的脱开转速进行了机理分析.研究结果表明:提出的基于闭合力调控的密封可控性策略及控制敏感性参数范围[1,3.19],可满足对涡轮泵轴端机械密封泄漏量的动态主动控制;完善的脱开转速理论能合理地解释机械密封起飞阶段的端面非接触状态向接触状态转变过程.研究结果对于特殊工况下特种机械密封的设计、运行监测及动态控制具有参考价值.     

Measuring reliability under epistemic uncertainty:Review on non-probabilistic reliability metrics

In this paper, a systematic review of non-probabilistic reliability metrics is conducted to assist the selection of appropriate reliability metrics to model the influence of epistemic uncertainty. Five frequently used non-probabilistic reliability metrics are critically reviewed, i.e., evidence-theory-based reliability metrics, interval-analysis-based reliability metrics, fuzzy-interval-analysis-based reliability metrics, possibility-theory-based reliability metrics (posbist reliability) and uncertainty-theory-based reliability metrics (belief reliability). It is pointed out that a qualified reli-ability metric that is able to consider the effect of epistemic uncertainty needs to (1) compensate the conservatism in the estimations of the component-level reliability metrics caused by epistemic uncertainty, and (2) satisfy the duality axiom, otherwise it might lead to paradoxical and confusing results in engineering applications. The five commonly used non-probabilistic reliability metrics are compared in terms of these two properties, and the comparison can serve as a basis for the selection of the appropriate reliability metrics.     

基于Wiener过程的民用航空发动机性能可靠性预测

通过对民用航空发动机性能退化数据的分析,提出了一种有效融合先验退化数据和现场退化数据的性能可靠性评估和剩余寿命预测方法.首先在先验退化数据的基础上确定Wiener过程参数的先验分布,然后利用贝叶斯方法融合新增的现场数据,对Wiener过程参数进行更新,并在此基础上对单台发动机进行性能可靠性评估和剩余寿命预测.该方法能根据现场退化数据不断地对可靠性和剩余寿命进行更新.最后通过某航空公司发动机性能退化数据验证文中提出的方法,结果表明41号发动机在2000循环和3000循环时预测的剩余寿命相对误差分别为0.060和0.018,可以满足航空公司发动机下发计划制定的实际需要.      

性能退化双线性过程方法与成组试验方法的比较

针对性能退化可靠性分析问题,将双线性过程方法与成组试验方法进行了对比分析.首先,从理论层面阐述了双线性过程方法和成组试验方法对性能退化数据的建模过程,可以发现:双线性过程方法通过将性能退化数据作为一个整体进行统计分析,能够避免两步估计造成的信息浪费,提高分析精度.其次,以窗雨刮器开关性能退化试验为例进行了对比分析,结果表明,双线性过程方法共有2.5%的试验数据位于概率为90%的百分位值曲线估计结果上方,符合工程实际需要,而成组试验方法共有15%的试验数据位于百分位值曲线估计结果上方.此外,基于残差分析的模型检验结果表明双线性过程方法更为合理.     

基于三焦距张量及BMA的运动估计和补偿

为克服块匹配位移估计方法 (BMA)不能准确描述物体的旋转、相机镜头的推移 (pan)及缩放的缺点 ,引入计算机视觉中的三线性关系及基于三焦距张量的像素转移进行运动估计和补偿。将像素转移与块匹配运动估计和补偿方法相结合 ,通过实际的图像序列比较了这种方法与单纯 BMA方法的运动补偿效果 ,结果表明 ,在有相机平移及景物有深度变化时 ,本文方法的效果明显优于单纯 BMA方法。     

模型确认热传导挑战问题求解的贝叶斯方法

为了进一步推动模型确认方法的发展并明确其具体实施步骤,以圣地亚国家实验室提出的模型确认热传导挑战问题为例,建立了模型确认的贝叶斯框架,并阐述模型确认的思想以及实现的一般过程.模型确认不仅是一个评定仿真模型准确度的过程,而且是一个通过确认结果提高模型预测精度的过程.首先介绍了贝叶斯及不确定性量化的基本理论,强调了模型修正...     

A new remaining useful life estimation method for equipment subjected to intervention of imperfect maintenance activities

As the key part of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation has been extensively investigated in recent years. Current RUL estimation studies considering the intervention of imperfect maintenance activities usually assumed that maintenance activities have a single influence on the degradation level or degradation rate, but not on both. Aimed at this problem, this paper proposes a new degradation modeling and RUL estimation method taking the influence of imperfect maintenance activities on both the degradation level and the degradation rate into account. Toward this end, a stochastic degradation model considering imperfect maintenance activities is firstly constructed based on the diffusion process. Then, the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the RUL is derived by the convolution operator under the concept of First Hitting Time (FHT). To implement the proposed RUL estimation method, the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is utilized to estimate the degradation related parameters based on the Condition Monitoring (CM) data, while the Bayesian method is utilized to estimate the maintenance related parameters based on the maintenance data. Finally, a numerical example and a practical case study are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method could greatly improve the RUL estimation accuracy for the degrading equipment subjected to imperfect maintenance activities.     

基于信息融合的航空发动机剩余寿命预测

利用航空发动机状态监测信息,考虑到信息本身具有的误差性和随机性等特点,采用贝叶斯线性模型融合了监测信息,实现了综合利用多源信息的进行航空发动机性能衰退评估;以性能衰退评估结果为输入变量,建立基于Gamma随机过程的可靠性评估模型,预测在指定性能可靠性水平下的剩余寿命.通过算例,分析了不同监测参数对剩余寿命预测的影响.该方法能将性能监测与可靠性分析集成到一个框架中,充分利用了多种状态监测信息,结果更加准确,更符合控制航空发动机维修决策风险的实际.      

Comparison of two reliability models for performance degradation analysis

In order to investigate the general reliability assessment methods based on performance degradation data, two commonly used stochastic process approaches, bilinear process method and random-effect model were studied. Analyzing procedure and effectiveness of these two methodologies were studied and compared. Meanwhile, the two approaches were illustrated through practical applications. The residual plots and the 10th percentile curves of the two methods were presented to demonstrate the comparative results. The random-effect model yielded more volatile residuals and a lower and unsafe 10th percentile curve. Consequently the bilinear process model can be concluded to derive more reasonable results due to its one-stage estimation property.     

基于流固耦合的刷式密封泄漏特性理论与实验

理论与实验两方面研究了刷式密封泄漏流动特性及影响因素。建立了考虑刷丝变形的刷式密封泄漏流动特性流固耦合理论模型,实验研究了刷式密封泄漏量随进出口压比和转速等的变化规律,并与理论求解模型对比验证。在此基础上,运用理论模型分析了不同结构参数对密封泄漏量的影响规律,验证了构造的刷式密封泄漏量理论计算公式的准确性。研究结果表明:径向间隙一定时,刷式密封泄漏量随压比的增大而近似线性增加,转速对刷式密封的泄漏量影响不大;刷丝直径和刷丝间隙通过影响气体在刷丝束区域有效流通面积来影响泄漏量,有效流通面积越小,泄漏量越小;反之,则越大;随着刷丝直径、刷丝轴向排数的增大,刷式密封泄漏量逐渐降低;随着刷丝间隙的增大,泄漏量逐渐增大;随着后挡板保护高度、刷丝与后挡板轴向间隙的增大,泄漏量先显著增大后缓慢增加,最后趋于稳定;所构造的泄漏量理论公式可以准确预测刷式密封的泄漏量,为刷式密封结构优化设计提供理论依据。      

基于Bayes-Normal模型的小子样性能可靠性评定

通过退化量分布函数研究性能退化是基于退化轨道进行性能可靠性分析的有效补充。针对试验小子样的特点,在图形法基础上运用Bayes方法,对性能可靠性的统计推断方法进行了研究,并在理论推导的基础上,举例说明了该方法的有效性。     

Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

@@ABSTRACTS Motion Estimation and Compensation Based on Trifocal Tensor and BMA.WANG Yang-li, WU Cheng-ke(School of Information Engineering, Xidian University, Xi′an 710071, China).Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica(ISSN 1000-6893),Vol.22,no.2,Mar.2001,P117-120. 10 refs.in Chinese. To overcome some drawbacks of the block matching algorithm (BMA), which can not accurately describe object rotation, camera panning and zooming, this paper introduces the trilinear constraint and trifocal-tensor-based pixel transfer used in computer vision for motion estimation and compensation. In this method, the trifocal tensor is first estimated by an algorithm based on projection matrix, corresponding relations between two of three images are then determined by BMA and represented with block-based motion vectors, and finally, motion estimation and compensation are carried out by trifocal transferring. As it is not accurate to approximate the dense correspondence between two of the three views by the above block-based motion vectors, using trifocal transferring only will not yield good compensation results. To solve this problem, the paper further puts forward a motion estimation method combining trifocal transferring with BMA. Experiments have been carried out on video sequences to compare the performance of this method with that of BMA, and the results show that this method is superior when there are scene depth variation and camera translation.     

Study on segmented distribution for reliability evaluation

In practice, the failure rate of most equipment exhibits different tendencies at different stages and even its failure rate curve behaves a multimodal trace during its life cycle. As a result, traditionally evaluating the reliability of equipment with a single model may lead to severer errors. However, if lifetime is divided into several different intervals according to the characteristics of its failure rate, piecewise fitting can more accurately approximate the failure rate of equipment. There-fore, in this paper, failure rate is regarded as a piecewise function, and two kinds of segmented dis-tribution are put forward to evaluate reliability. In order to estimate parameters in the segmented reliability function, Bayesian estimation and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the seg-mented distribution are discussed in this paper. Since traditional information criterion is not suit-able for the segmented distribution, an improved information criterion is proposed to test and evaluate the segmented reliability model in this paper. After a great deal of testing and verification, the segmented reliability model and its estimation methods presented in this paper are proven more efficient and accurate than the traditional non-segmented single model, especially when the change of the failure rate is time-phased or multimodal. The significant performance of the segmented reli-ability model in evaluating reliability of proximity sensors of leading-edge flap in civil aircraft indi-cates that the segmented distribution and its estimation method in this paper could be useful and accurate.     

某型发动机无失效数据的Bayes可靠性分析

在定时截尾试验中,有时会遇到无失效数据,特别是在高可靠性、小样本问题中更容易产生无失效数据。对某型发动机的无失效数据,在失效概率服从不完全Beta分布时,给出了失效概率的Bayes估计,并在引进失效信息后,给出了失效概率的Bayes估计和综合估计,从而可以得到该型发动机可靠度的估计。     

Uncertainty evaluation for bearing fatigue property of CFRP double-lap,single-bolt joints

The considerable uncertainty in mechanical properties of composite bolted joints not only prevents advanced composite materials from efficient applications, but also threatens the safety and reliability of the aircraft structures. In this paper, the uncertainty in bearing fatigue properties of a CFRP double-lap, single-bolt joint was evaluated by combing a Progressive Fatigue Damage Model(PFDM) with the interval analysis method. In the PFDM, a residualstrain-based gradual material degradation mo...