形状记忆合金鼓包的挠度控制研究

激波控制鼓包(Shock Control Bump,SCB)是一种被动式的减小激波阻力的方法。针对近年来提到的可变挠度鼓包,提出具有双程记忆效应的形状记忆合金(Shape Memory Alloy,SMA)鼓包,可以通过控制SMA鼓包的温度改变其挠度,优化SCB的减阻性能。为了达到精确控制挠度的目标,提出了一种基于Preisach理论的温度–挠度迟滞模型。对鼓包进行基于该模型的PID控制,试验结果表明该模型可用于SMA鼓包的挠度控制中,4个目标点的最大相对误差为5.17%,优于无模型的PID控制。     

压电陶瓷叠层作动器迟滞蠕变非线性自适应混合补偿控制方法

压电陶瓷叠层作动器的迟滞蠕变非线性特性严重影响了控制系统的稳定性及动态跟踪精度。针对其迟滞蠕变非线性补偿控制问题,提出了一种高精度动态补偿压电陶瓷叠层作动器非线性特性的自适应混合补偿控制方法,即迟滞蠕变前馈补偿与自适应滤波反馈补偿结合的前馈-反馈混合控制方法。采用改进的Prandtl-Ishlinskii（Modified Prandtl-Ishlinskii,MPI）模型对压电陶瓷叠层作动器迟滞蠕变非线性特性进行精细化建模,并得到其逆补偿模型进行前馈补偿。根据前馈补偿误差,采用自适应滤波反馈控制对输入信号进行实时调控,实现对压电陶瓷叠层作动器的迟滞非线性及lg（t）型蠕变特性的实时精确补偿控制。数值仿真与实验结果表明,相比于常规前馈迟滞蠕变补偿,所提出的自适应混合补偿控制方法可以有效降低压电陶瓷叠层作动器的迟滞补偿误差,极大提高了迟滞蠕变非线性动态跟踪精度以及自适应性。     

直升机后缘襟翼驱动器迟滞现象仿真与抑制

直升机后缘襟翼多采用压电驱动器作为驱动元件，但是在使用过程中压电驱动器迟滞会对其振动控制性能产生不利影响，因此针对压电驱动器迟滞开展了迟滞建模与抑制研究。通过实验研究了压电驱动器在不同驱动频率下的迟滞特性，采用Bouc-Wen模型对驱动器迟滞现象进行了建模，并采用粒子群算法（PSO）辨识模型参数，与实际测量迟滞曲线进行了对比，在10~60 Hz范围内所建立的迟滞模型能够较为精确地描述压电驱动器迟滞现象。建立了基于Bouc-Wen逆模型的前馈补偿控制与PID反馈控制相结合的复合控制策略，实验结果显示该控制策略能够在10~60 Hz较宽的频率范围内有效抑制该压电驱动器迟滞现象。建立了考虑驱动器迟滞的主动控制后缘襟翼振动控制动力学模型，并对中等速度稳态前飞条件下后缘襟翼振动控制性能进行了仿真，仿真结果显示驱动器迟滞会在一定程度上削弱振动控制性能，而采用复合控制可以提高后缘襟翼旋翼振动控制性能。     

减小翼型激波阻力的鼓包流动控制技术

针对2020年使用的N+2代民用飞机的翼身融合(BWB)布局发展需要,以减小激波阻力为目标,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,开展弱化激波、减小激波阻力的鼓包流动控制技术研究.提出了λ形激波结构“强干扰”和等熵压缩“弱干扰”两种鼓包激波减阻流动控制原理,给出了两种鼓包基本形状设计方法和工程应用的可行性分析,指出λ形激波结...     

压电陶瓷驱动器的迭代学习逆补偿混合控制

由于压电驱动器具有迟滞、蠕变等非线性特征,在精密定位中存在较大的位移跟踪误差。本文对此提出了一种逆补偿和迭代学习控制算法相结合的控制方法。利用逆补偿器作为前馈,使压电陶瓷驱动器的位移跟踪误差得到一定的补偿,再利用迭代学习控制方法进行反馈,进一步减小压电驱动器的位移跟踪误差。仿真实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的控制效果,能够将驱动器的输出位移误差由37.26%减小到0.51%以内。     

基于MRP的全局稳定的PID刚体姿态控制

针对刚性航天器姿态控制问题,建立了由修正Rodrigues参数(MRP)表示的混杂姿态模型,并基于此模型设计了一种具有迟滞特性的非线性比例-积分-微分(PID)切换控制器.该控制器包含一个对克里奥利力矩和期望机动力矩的前馈补偿项和一个用于消除轨迹跟踪误差的PID反馈项.通过一个特别的Lyapunov函数分析得到了全局渐...     

超声速条件下等离子体合成射流对鼓包诱导流场的影响

为进一步提升鼓包进气道性能,通过唯象仿真方法对超声速条件下等离子体合成射流对鼓包诱导流场控制效果展开了研究,验证了等离子体合成射流控制方法的有效性,并获得了激励器缝宽等参数对其控制效果的影响规律。研究发现：在超声速流场中,等离子体合成射流形成的诱导激波由对称的弓形激波逐渐发展为斜压缩波。对于缝宽为2mm激励器,等离子体合成射流作用的有效时间为四分之一周期,在该时间内能够对鼓包诱导曲面激波起到抑制作用,促进鼓包排移边界层同时带来分离区分离点提前、分离强度减弱、使鼓包表面边界层更加饱满等影响。对于激励器缝宽的参数化研究表明,随着缝宽的增大,射流出口压力增大、作用时间增长、在有效控制时间内射流对鼓包排移的控制效果有所增强,在本文探究的缝宽范围内射流最多可降低壁面3.2%阻力。     

超声速进气道正激波位置动态辨识与控制方法研究

为了实现超声速进气道闭环控制,对基于放气流量调节的进气道正激波位置动态辨识与控制问题进行了研究。基于超声速进气道二维CFD模型,探究了放气流量、来流压力、温度、马赫数对正激波位置的动、静态影响,并对其传递函数进行了辨识。以此为基础,在Matlab Simulink环境下,针对正激波位置控制设计了一种自抗扰控制律(ADRC)。仿真结果表明,所设计闭环系统响应时间短,超调量小,相比于常规PI控制可更有效地抑制来流干扰。     

基于积分分离+死区PID的逆变电路控制系统研究

为了提高逆变电路模块控制性能,在传统PID控制方法基础上提出了一种基于积分分离+死区PID控制的逆变电路控制方法,可有效解决传统PID控制引起的控制量超过被控对象而造成系统振荡的问题。积分分离+死区PID控制算法是在积分分离PID控制算法内引入死区PID控制算法,综合了两种控制算法的优点,既可延长控制系统使用寿命又可对系统偏差进行限制。最后通过MATLAB/Simulink建立具有逆变电路模块的高频电源仿真模型,将所提PID控制方法应用于其中,验证了所提方法的有效性和实用性。     

基于动态逆-PID的高超声速飞行器巡航姿态控制

以某型高超声速飞行器为研究对象,针对巡航状态下气动参数不确定的姿态控制问题,提出了一种结合非线性动态逆控制与PID控制的姿态控制方法。首先,对高超声速飞行器非线性模型进行精确反馈线性化,得到了飞行器纵向姿态仿射非线性方程;接着,为速率变化快慢不同的迎角和俯仰角速率分别设计了动态逆控制律以抵消对象的非线性特性;然后,在动态逆控制的基础上,采用工程上易于实现的PID控制补偿由于未精确建模带来的系统逆误差,实现了迎角对指令信号的有效跟踪;最后,进行了数值仿真验证。结果表明,所设计的高超声速飞行器动态逆-PID姿态控制器具有良好的跟踪性能和鲁棒性能。     

适用无人机的小型燃料电池控制方法

燃料电池动力系统作为一种长航时电动无人机的动力方案,其燃料电池的控制技术是决定动力系统可靠性和高效性的关键技术。针对用于无人机的小型空冷型开放阴极的质子交换膜燃料电池,考虑面向工程应用的燃料电池整体控制过程,兼顾电堆温度控制和水管理,提出了一种前馈型模糊PID的电堆温度控制方法,同时设计了一种基于安时积分门限法的膜水含量调节策略,以实现对整个燃料电池系统的高效控制。通过搭建燃料电池温度控制与水管理试验平台,对所提出的控制技术进行了试验验证,并与现有温控和水管理方法进行了对比分析。试验结果表明：所提前馈型模糊PID方法在较长时间的燃料电池启动过程中能够较快地达到目标温度,相比于PID方法减少了7%的调节时间,与传统模糊PID方法相当;燃料电池电流持续减小时,所提前馈型模糊PID方法对超调量的抑制效果具有明显优势,其超调量仅为PID方法的34%,为传统模糊PID方法的43%;所提安时积分门限排水控制方法既能防止水淹故障,又可提高燃料经济性,在所给工况中相比现有方法节约了15%的氢气。     

Application in prestiction friction compensation for angular velocity loop of inertially stabilized platforms

To overcome the influence of the nonlinear friction on the gimbaled servo-system of an inertial stabilized platforms(ISPs) with DC motor direct-drive, the methods of modeling and compensation of the nonlinear friction are proposed. Firstly, the inapplicability of LuGre model when trying to interpret the backward angular displacement in the prestiction regime is observed experimentally and the reason is deduced theoretically. Then, based on the dynamic model of direct-drive ISPs, a modified LuGre model is proposed to describe the characteristic of the friction in the prestiction regime. Furthermore, the state switch condition of the three friction regimes including presliding, gross sliding and prestiction is presented. Finally, a composite compensation controller including a nonlinear friction observer and a feedforward compensator based on the novel LuGre model is designed to restrain the nonlinear friction and to improve the control precision. Experimental results indicate that compared with those of the conventional proportion–integration–differentiation(PID) control method and the PID plus LuGre model-based friction compensation method, the dwell-time has decreased from 0.2 s to almost 0 s, the position error decreased to 86.7%and the peak-to-peak value of position error decreased to 80% after the novel compensation controller is added. It concludes that the composite compensation controller can greatly improve the control precision of the dynamic sealed ISPs.     

A fuzzy PID-controlled SMA actuator for a two-DOF joint

Shape memory alloy(SMA) actuator is a potential advanced component for servosystems of aerospace vehicles and aircraft. This paper presents a joint with two degrees of freedom(DOF) and a mobility range close to ±60 when driven by SMA triple wires. The fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative(PID)-controlled actuator drive was designed using antagonistic SMA triple wires, and the resistance feedback signal made a closed loop. Experiments showed that, with the driving responding frequency increasing, the overstress became harder to be avoided at the position under the maximum friction force. Furthermore, the hysteresis gap between the heating and cooling paths of the strain-to-resistance curve expanded under this condition. A fuzzy logic control was considered as a solution, and the curves of the wires were then modeled by fitting polynomials so that the measured resistance was used directly to determine the control signal. Accurate control was demonstrated through the step response, and the experimental results showed that under the fuzzy PID-control program, the mean absolute error(MAE) of the rotation angle was about 3.147. In addition, the investigation of the external interference to the system proved the controllable maximum output.     

SMA复合材料低速冲击数值模拟方法

利用形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy,SMA)独特的超弹性效应,提出一种利用形状记忆合金提高复合材料结构抗低速冲击性能的方法.基于形状记忆合金的分段化线性简化模型,利用ABAQUS有限元软件提供的VUMAT子程序编制了SMA合金超弹性本构关系并将其引入到复合材料层板低速冲击模型,提出了含SMA复合材料低速冲击数值模拟方法.研究形状记忆合金利用迟滞阻尼特性吸收部分形变能量并加以释放的过程,探讨SMA纤维对复合材料层板抗冲击性能的增强规律.结果表明,随着SMA体积分数的提高,复合材料层板的冲击应力峰值和挠度会下降,但在低SMA体积分数(<10%)情况下,对挠度的改善作用不明显;同时随着SMA体积分数增加,单位体积SMA的冲击能量吸收率会降低,在SMA体积分数为5%~10%时,SMA纤维具有最高的能量吸收率.得出了SMA纤维具有改善复合材料抗冲击性能的作用的结论.      

Nonlinear hysteresis identification and compensation based on the discrete Preisach model of an aircraft morphing wing device manipulated by an SMA actuator

The conception of aircraft morphing wings thrives in aeronautics since the appearance of shape memory alloys(SMAs). An aircraft morphing wing device, manipulated by an SMA actuator, inherits the intrinsic nonlinear hysteresis from the SMA actuator, ending up with control disadvantages. Conventionally, systems with SMA actuators are constrained to bi-stable states to bypass the hysteresis region. Rather than retreating a morphing wing device to bi-stable states, this paper is dedicated to transcend the morphing wing device beyond the customary limit. A methodology of discrete Preisach modeling, which identifies the hysteresis of the morphing wing device, is proposed herein. An array of discrete equal-distance points is applied to the Preisach plane in order to derive the Preisach density over the partitioned unit of the Preisach plane. Discrete Preisach modeling is fulfilled by the discrete first-order reversible curve(DFORC). By utilizing the discrete Preisach model, the aircraft morphing wing device is simulated; the validity and accuracy of discrete Preisach modeling are demonstrated by contrasting the simulated outcome with experimental data of the major hysteretic loop and the wingspan-wise displacement over time; a comparison between simulation and experimental results exhibits consistency. Afterwards, a hysteresis compensation strategy put forward in this paper is implemented for quasi-linear control of the aircraft morphing wing device, which manifests a compensated shrinking hysteresis loop and attains the initiative of extending the morphing range to the intrinsic hysteretic region.     

基于力位协同控制的大飞机机身壁板装配调姿方法

为校正中机身壁板由于重力和调姿内力产生的变形，提高中机身壁板装配调姿精度，提出了一种基于力位协同控制的装配调姿方法。通过将调姿机构等效为并联机构，推导了调姿机构的解析正反解模型；根据螺旋理论，建立了力传感器测量值与重力、调姿内力之间的映射关系，实现重力补偿值的动态计算，基于局部刚体-弹性连接假设，通过多元线性回归方法构建了调姿内力转化为位置补偿量的模型；根据Clamped-Free变形协调原理，简化了定位器调姿内力之间的协调关系，在此基础上提出了重力前馈补偿和调姿内力转化为位置补偿的力位协同控制策略，并对其进行了理论分析与设计。最后，对所提出的控制策略进行了仿真分析，结果表明采用力位协同控制方法，调姿定位精度提高35.3%，调姿内力降低77.8%，通过应用实验，说明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于遗传算法的机器人负载重力补偿优化算法研究

航空航天装配领域,利用安装在机器人末端的六维力传感器来感知外力是实现工业机器人柔顺装配的关键技术之一,而负载的存在会干扰对外力的感知。针对工业机器人末端负载的重力补偿,提出一种基于遗传算法的重力补偿优化算法。此方法以误差平方和最小为目标建立了最优解模型,利用遗传算法求解,最终可以在不使用测量仪器的情况下,估计力传感器安装偏角,提高重力补偿精度。同时设计了特定的机器人测量姿态来减少系统误差。试验表明,优化算法可以补偿任意角度的力传感器安装偏角,与补偿前相比,各方向最大重力补偿误差及平均重力补偿误差都有所减小。     

Application of SMA in Membrane Structure Shape Control

Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators have found a wide range of applications due to their unique properties such as high force, long stroke, small size, light weight, and silent operation, etc. However, their strong nonlinear properties make them a challenge to achieve accurate actuations. A simple control strategy is presented based on the idea of adjusting the SMA wire temperature as rapidly as possible. This strategy is simple, stable, and requires no hysteresis model or thermal model. The strategy is tested first on tracking displacement outputs, and effects of updating rate and input current on control accuracy are also discussed. It is then used for active shape control of a membrane structure model by adjusting its boundary tensions. Results indicate that under the developed control strategy, SMA wire actuators can offer very good accuracy in tracking displacement outputs and tension outputs. For the membrane structure shape control, the structure shape precision is improved greatly.