双波段扇形波束圆锥扫描星载微波散射计系统设计

星载微波散射计是目前唯一能够同时全天候、全天时、高精度、高分辨率和短周期测量海洋表面风场矢量的有源微波遥感器,这一能力已在美国Seasat-1[1]、欧空局ERS-1/2[1]、日本ADEOS-1/2[1]、中国HY-2等卫星装载的微波散射计上得到了充分的证明。双波段、扇形波束圆锥扫描星载微波散射计是一种具有国际先进水平的星载微波散射计,具有测风范围大、测量精度高的优点。文章简要分析了该微波散射计的工作原理、总体方案设计、关键技术、及初步性能评估等。     

快速响应热流/温度传感器制备与试验研究*

针对高超声速飞行器在长时间试验中测量壁面温度和热流的要求,研究快速响应热流/温度传感器的制备工艺,介绍传感器在热流标定、表面温度测试和电弧风洞试验中的测试结果。利用光学显示设备对比研究三种不同的加压银钎焊工艺,结果表明无助焊剂的高纯度银钎焊工艺具有焊缝平整、厚度小、气孔少的优点。热流标定结果表明,水冷条件下传感器的98%响应时间约为0.35s,热沉条件下约为0.33s,在0.42 MW/m2～2.11MW/m2范围内,与标准传感器的偏差不大于6%;表面温度对比测量表明,传感器所测温度与热流具有线性关系,可以反映表面温度对气动加热的影响;电弧风洞试验表明,传感器可以用于长时间热防护试验的热流测量。     

基于TMS320F2812的CAN总线接口通用电模拟器研制

基于TMS320F2812及其内置CAN总线控制器,开发了一套适合多种CAN总线接口配置要求 的通用电模拟器硬件系统,用于某型卫星地面电联试系统中敏感器电模拟器的研制,取得了 良好效果。该电模拟器硬件系统具有CAN总线接口配置灵活、数据处理能力强、应用程序开 发方便、通用性强等特点,可用于卫星地面电联试系统中的多种电模拟器开发研制。
     

如何使用CFD来确定风洞实验模型的缩尺比例——风洞试验模型设计准则从感性到理性的飞跃

对上百年传统的风洞试验模型缩尺比例的确定方法,提出了疑问,并且从N-S方程出发,指出了这种“传统”方法不符合相似理论,具有很大的随意性和盲目性。因而按“传统”方法给出的模型尺寸所提供的风洞实验气动力数据是不准确的,不能满足当今世界现代战争精确打击的战术技术要求。因此,必须按文中提出的,满足N-S方程解的相似性要求去确定模型的尺寸,才是今后风洞实验模型设计的方向。从这一点出发,文中还提出了一些新的概念,并且扩展到如何应用CFD来作为风洞实验相似理论辅助研究的设想。     

回收过程中高空风场的特点及描述

风场对航天器的发射、飞行及落点的影响不可忽略。文章针对回收过程的中高空风场主要因素的基本概念及特点进行了简单综述 ,并阐述了如何用综合风剖面法对回收过程中高空风场进行描述 ,同时给出了中国北方某地区风的测量数据的一些主要统计特性     

基于快速响应PSP技术的跨声速脉动压力实验研究

利用快速响应压敏涂料(PSP)技术对弹箭类飞行器跨声速段的脉动压力特性开展风洞实验研究,获得了Ma=0.8～1.2范围内弹箭类飞行器全表面1.2s实验时间段内的脉动压力特性,较全面地研究了马赫数、攻角(舵偏角)对脉动压力分布特性的影响。实验结果表明,快速响应PSP技术的脉动压力测量结果与高精度脉动压力传感器结果较为吻合,均方根脉动压力系数的测量误差小于15%,精度要求满足工程设计使用,且快速响应PSP测量方式能够获得弹箭类飞行器全表面的脉动压力分布,有利于捕获压力峰值和辨识跨声速非定常流场结构,更好地指导脉动压力载荷设计,在弹箭类飞行器设计中有较高的工程应用价值。     

卫星地球-射频敏感器组合定姿滤波算法研究

基于卡尔曼滤波理论以及卫星定姿技术的发现状况，对卡尔曼滤波在静止轨道三轴稳定卫星红外地球敏感器和射频敏感器组合定姿中的应用作了一定的研究。建立了静止轨道三稳定卫星姿态动力学模型和红外－射频敏感器组合定姿的姿态量测模型，针对这一模型，应用推广的卡尔曼滤波进行姿态估计，并进行了计算机仿真，验证了滤波方法应用于静止轨道三轴稳定卫星红外地球敏感哭和射频敏感器组合定姿的有效性和优越性。     

基于定标站的旋转扫描扇形波束散射计在轨定标方法

RFSCAT具有较宽刈幅并能够对同一个风单元提供较多的方位角和入射角观测组合,提高风场反演精度。为了达到设计的风场反演精度,必须对散射计进行在轨外定标。该文基于中法海洋卫星（Chinese French Oceanography Satellite, CFOSAT）雷达散射计的系统参数,给出了一种利用地面定标站(Calibration Ground Station,CGS)对RFSCAT进行在轨外定标的定标方法,并利用仿真数据进行验证。该方法能够达到0.01°的姿态角估计精度和0.1〖KG*9〗dB天线方向图估计精度,实现对RFSCAT天线方向图在轨监测和验证。     

用于微振动测量的高精度加速度传感器标定方法

微振动试验中所用的加速度传感器简称高精度加速度传感器,其相比于常规加速度传感器测量量级很低,可以达到10-5g量级甚至更低,用常规的加速度动态标定技术无法实现该量级水平的标定,也无从验证其测量精度的准确性。针对高精度加速度传感器测试精度的标定难题,文章提出在气浮台上设置比对梁的方法,通过激光测振仪和高精度加速度传感器对同一测点进行测量,并将两者的测量结果进行比对分析,以标定高精度加速度传感器的低量级测试精度。同时设计试验对手头现有的微振动加速度传感器进行标定以验证该方法的有效性,试验结果表明:利用激光测振仪标定现有高精度加速度传感器得到的比对结果符合预期;高精度加速度传感器测得的时域波形及频域波形与激光测振仪测得的基本一致,比对偏差在10%左右,满足标定方法要求。     

Optimal nodal flyby with near-Earth asteroids using electric sail

The aim of this paper is to quantify the performance of an Electric Solar Wind Sail for accomplishing flyby missions toward one of the two orbital nodes of a near-Earth asteroid. Assuming a simplified, two-dimensional mission scenario, a preliminary mission analysis has been conducted involving the whole known population of those asteroids at the beginning of the 2013 year. The analysis of each mission scenario has been performed within an optimal framework, by calculating the minimum-time trajectory required to reach each orbital node of the target asteroid. A considerable amount of simulation data have been collected, using the spacecraft characteristic acceleration as a parameter to quantify the Electric Solar Wind Sail propulsive performance. The minimum time trajectory exhibits a different structure, which may or may not include a solar wind assist maneuver, depending both on the Sun-node distance and the value of the spacecraft characteristic acceleration. Simulations show that over 60% of near-Earth asteroids can be reached with a total mission time less than 100 days, whereas the entire population can be reached in less than 10 months with a spacecraft characteristic acceleration of 1 mm/s².     

Study of microaccelerations onboard the <Emphasis Type="Italic">International Space Station</Emphasis> with the DAKON-M convection sensor

The results of experiments with the DAKON-M convection sensor onboard the Russian orbital segment of the International Space Station are described. A comparison of the sensor measurements with the results of calculation of the quasistatic microacceleration component at the point of installation is made. For this comparison we have used three measurement intervals of the experiments in 2009, during which spacecraft were docked with the station, undocked from it, and actuation of jet engines of the attitude control system took place. When calculating microacceleration, we use the measurement data of the low-frequency MAMS accelerometer, installed on the American segment, and the telemetry data on the ISS rotational motion. This information allowed one to convert the MAMS measurements to the point of installation of the DAKON-M convection sensor. A comparison of sensor measurements with calculated microaccelerations showed sufficiently accurate coincidence between the calculated and measured data.     

大规模箭载无线传感网络技术研究

无线传感网络技术是未来火箭测量系统发展的关键技术之一,大规模的箭载无线传感网络技术是箭载测量系统的发展趋势。简单介绍了现有箭载无线传感器网络的应用以及目前国内对于箭载无线传感网络的研究现状,归纳了其技术特点,在此基础上提出了对新一代大规模箭载无线传感器网络设计的思路与相关技术,为进一步实现箭载测量系统的“无缆化”提供参考。     

海洋遥感雷达的一体化发展趋势

利用雷达高度计、微波散射计、海洋波谱仪和合成孔径雷达SAR（Synthetic Aperture Radar）观测海面风、浪等海洋动力环境要素的技术已经日趋成熟，针对现有单星多传感器体制存在的重量大、稳定性差、功耗高、整星系统复杂等缺点，首先对以上四种海洋微波遥感器的发展和应用情况进行了梳理，随后根据目前的发展趋势，提出了一种新的多模式一体化设计方法并进行详细描述，最后，对未来星载海洋微波遥感器的多模式一体化技术进行了展望，为今后海洋微波遥感器的多模式一体化研究提供参考。     

星敏感器测量模型及其在卫星姿态确定系统中的应用

星敏感器是卫星高精度姿态测量的重要部件，如何正确建立其测量误差模型是影响姿态确定精度的关键因素。本文推导出星敏感器三轴姿态测量误差的方差计算公式，对测量误差的性质进行研究，揭示了在星敏感器三轴测量中，光轴测量精度劣于根据另两轴测量所确定的光轴指向精度。在此基础上提出了新的星敏感器测量模型，给出改进的姿态滤波器观测方程，减小了观测误差，由此可以进一步提高姿态确定的精度。本文方法不仅适用于通常使用的双星敏感器姿态确定系统，也可独立地应用于只带单个星敏感器的姿态确定系统。     

Fast measurements of parameters of the Solar Wind using the BMSW instrument

Design of the plasma spectrometer BMSW (Fast Monitor of the Solar Wind, possessing high temporal resolution) is described in the paper, as well as its characteristics and modes of operation. Some examples of measurements of various properties of the solar wind, made with this instrument installed onboard the high-apogee satellite Spektr-R, are presented.     

电磁阀启闭特性非接触测量方法研究

为实现对电磁阀特性进行非接触测量,通过分析电磁阀动作时周围漏磁场的变化,设计了一种新型磁敏感器.该磁敏感器结构简单,操作方便,通过采取合理的抗干扰措施可充分降低旁磁场的影响,提高电磁阀漏磁场测量的可靠性.利用本磁敏感器对实际电磁阀的启、闭特性进行了测量.结果表明,该方法可靠性高,满足电磁阀非接触测量的需要.     

飞行器半实物仿真装备研究进展与展望

根据制导体制不同，分别从光学制导仿真、射频制导仿真、光学/射频复合制导仿真等方面介绍了国内外半实物仿真装备研究进展。结合飞行器对半实物仿真技术提出新的发展需求，提出了全角度空间制导仿真、特殊环境/背景制导仿真、绕飞伴飞仿真、弹体气动伺服弹性仿真等特殊背景的半实物仿真方案。最后，结合飞行器技术和半实物仿真技术发展趋势，对飞行器半实物仿真装备的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Future earth observation missions for oceanographic applications: Indian perspectives

Significant progress has been achieved in India in demonstrating the utility of remote sensing data for various oceanographic applications during the last one decade. Among these, techniques have been developed for retrieval of ocean surface waves, winds, wave forecast model, internal waves, sea surface temperature and chlorophyll pigments. Encouraged from these results as well as for meeting the specific and increasing data requirements on an assured basis by oceanographers, India is making concerted efforts for developing and launching state-of-the-art indigenous satellites for ocean applications in the coming years.

The first in the series of ocean satellites planned for launch is Oceansat-1 (IRS-P4) by early 1999. Oceansat-1 carries on-board an Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) and a Multi-frequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR). OCM will have 8 narrow spectral bands operating in visible and near- infrared bands (402–885 nm) with a spatial resolution of 360 m and swath of 1420 km. The MSMR with its all weather capability is configured to have measurements at 4 frequencies viz., 6.6, 10.65, 18 & 21 GHz in dual polarisation mode with a spatial resolution of 120, 80, 40 & 40 km, respectively with an overall swath of 1360 km. The Oceansat-1 with repetitivity of once in two days will provide global data for retrieval of various oceanographic and meteorological parameters such as chlorophyll (primary productivity), sea surface temperature and wind speed, besides a host of other parameters of relevance to meteorology.

A full fledged satellite for ocean applications known as Oceansat-2 (IRS-P7) is also planned for launch during 2002. This satellite with payload mix of microwave (Scatterometer, Altimeter & Passive Microwave Radiometer), Thermal (TIR) and Optical (OCM) sensors, will provide greater in-sight into the global understanding of ocean dynamics/resources. This mission is expected to provide a complete set of oceanographic measurements, which are useful for providing operational oceanographic services.

Efforts are also on towards development of missions having multi-frequency, multipolarisation and multi-look angle microwave payloads including Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and advanced millimeter wave sounders, besides development of imaging spectrometers by 2005.

A well-knit plan has been initiated in India for utilisation of planned Oceansat data. Important efforts initiated in this direction include SATellite Coastal and Oceanographic Research and Ocean Information Services, which are being carried out on an integrated basis aiming at providing services to the down stream users. The paper highlights these efforts in India towards providing an operational ocean information services in the coming years.     

面向高超声速飞行器双重不确定性的自适应状态估计

将高超声速飞行器双重不确定性因素建模为未知干扰输入项，针对状态演化方程和量测方程含有不同未知干扰输入的高超声速飞行器控制系统状态估计问题开展研究，提出一种基于自适应方差极小化的递推状态估计器(Adaptive variance minimization based Recursive Estimator, AVMRE)。首先建立了状态估计递推滤波器模型，实现滤波误差中的量测未知干扰解耦，之后引入自适应调整因子刻画状态未知干扰并推导了最小上界估计误差协方差矩阵，最后，基于最小方差估计准则设计了滤波器中的量测增益反馈矩阵。以外部突风和传感器故障为例，受内外部双重不确定性因素影响下的高超声速飞行器仿真实验验证了本文算法的有效性，与相关算法的仿真对比反映了本文算法的优越性。     

交会对接光学成像敏感器设计中的关键问题

自主自动交会对接最后逼近段,通常是以光学成像敏感器作为主要的导航敏感器。本文首先简要介绍国内外交会对接光学成像敏感器的最新研究进展情况,然后就其设计中的几个关键问题进行分析,并给出相关结论。