Sampling Bandpass Signals

In a recent paper [1], Brown examined the sampling of a real finiteenergy bandpass signal having an (angular) bandwidth ? (in radians per second) at the theoretically minimum (average) rate of ?/? samples per second. Following Grace and Pitt's [2] quadrature sampling, a particular case of Kohlenberg's second-order sampling [3, 4], Brown has proved the feasibility of a separate interpolation of the in-phase and quadrature components of the signal when ?o = k?/2 (Brown's condition), where ?o is the center (angular) frequency of the signal and k is an arbitrary positive integer. Here the problem is reconsidered from a general point of view, introducing, under Brown's condition, an interpolation formula which includes that of Grace and Pitt and which extends a theorem of Populis [5-7]. We indicate the necessary and sufficient conditions to obtain a separate interpolation, offering closed formulas to obtain the interpolation functions. We also discuss the minimum oversampling rate needed whenBrown's condition is not verified.     

On Truncation Error Bounds for Sampling Representations of Band-Limited Signals

All sampling representations of band-limited signals involve infinite sums. The truncation error associated with a given representation is defined as the difference between the signal and an approximating sum utilizing a finite number of terms. In this paper truncation error is expressed as a contour integral for Lagrange interpolation, general Hermite interpolation, the Shannon series (cardinal series), the Fogel derivative series, and multidimensional sampling expansions. Truncation error bounds are obtained under various constraints on the signal magnitude, spectral smoothness, and energy content.     

动态数据建模中时间序列采样间隔的研究

动态数据建模认为,平稳连续随机过程是白噪声激励相应的线性时不变连续时间系统的输出,为便于计算机处理,需要确定对连续随机过程进行采样的采样间隔,通常人们采用仙农采样定理来对待。文中阐述了对动态数据建模中时间序列采样的问题,用多项式插值的采样理论进行了研究,指出在动态数据建模中,若要使从连续时间随机过程到离散时间序列的统计特性得到保持,采样频率应大于系统最大极点自然频率的6倍。     

双通道时间差采样──一种测定叶片振动频率的方法

提出了一种测定压气机叶片振动频率的方法──双通道时间差采样法。利用二路采样信号的相关性及相位差,通过内插搜索可有效克服由于采样频率过低而造成的混叠现象。等效地提高了实际采样频率,从而正确测定出叶片的振动频率。方法具有快速简单,检测精度高,测定频率范围广的特点。     

具有结构不确定性因素的模型验证

研究了具有结构不确定性因素的系统线性分式变换（LFT）的模型验证问题,考虑如何同时基于时域和频域数据对模型进行验证,利用有关时域和频域混合数据的插值理论,提出了模型验证的混合途径及判别模型是否无效的必要条件。     

多峰值信号的伪码相位估计法

 考虑到多峰值信号的出现以及传统相位估计法的不足与缺陷, 特别是针对传统方法无法提取多峰值信号主峰的不足,以及在非整数采样条件时相位误差估计的较大缺陷,提出了一种提高多峰值信号伪码相位精度的估计方法。首先通过频域提取处理去除副峰引发的模糊性,达到提取主峰的目的;然后建立了插值方程,从而提高相位估计精度。在此基础上进行了验证与评估,结果表明,此估计法可以正确提取多峰值信号的主峰,相对于传统方法而言,相位估计精度明显提高。     

基于FIR滤波器及分数阶重复控制的变频空调压缩机电流谐波抑制方法

变频空调压缩机在低频运行时存在着较大的电流谐波。当采用普通重复控制器时,由于采样频率与电流谐波基频的比值不一定为整数,使得重复控制器内模与电流谐波基频存在偏差,导致普通重复控制器电流谐波抑制能力下降。针对该问题,采用基于固定采样频率的分数阶重复控制策略。首先,采用Lagrange插值定理去逼近分数延时环节;其次,采用FIR滤波器替代低通滤波器减小相位引起的误差；最后,针对分数阶重复控制器的相位滞后特性,分别进行低、中、高频段相位补偿。试验结果表明,提出的控制策略能够有效地抑制变频空调压缩机低频运行时的电流谐波。     

一种频域插值变化迭代频率估计方法

针对现有频率估计算法存在的复杂度高、频率估计能力弱、估计结果均方差大等缺点,在固定迭代AM（Aboutanios—Mulgrew）无偏频率估计算法基础上,提出一种频域插值变化迭代频率估计算法,推导了不同迭代参数实现无偏估计的充分条件,证明了有偏估计时本算法的收敛性和偏离度,通过设置不同迭代参数,可以实现无偏或有偏估计。仿真分析表明：当具有较高信噪比时,在整个频率估计范围内,该方法均方误差接近CRLB（Cramer-RaoLowerBound,克拉美一罗下限）;当FFT（FastFourierTransform,快速傅里叶变换）粗估计残余频率接近0．5时,该方法的均方误差优于CRLB,为CRLB的96％。     

数控系统中空间任意平面圆弧插补算法

以往的数控系统只能插补平行坐标平面的圆弧,本文根据坐标系旋转的原理,提出了一种可以插补任意平面圆弧曲线、且可以满足控制实时性要求的插补算法,以简化编程,提高加工精度。     

基于自适应代理模型的气动优化方法

气动优化设计中,为了减少优化系统的计算周期,提高搜索效率,引入结构简单、计算量较小的代理模型,而运用有效的插值和选样方法(自适应选样)可以大大减少建立代理模型的时间。因此本文提出了一种基于自适应代理模型的气动优化方法。首先对自适应代理模型进行研究,建立了 Kriging 自适应代理模型和支持向量回归自适应代理模型,这两种自适应代理模型在相同样本点情况下比一般代理模型拥有更高的预测能力,然后将这其应用到翼型优化设计中,取得了良好的优化效果,从而表明这两种自适应代理模型不仅简单实用,而且明显提高了气动分析的计算效率。     

Spatial transformation of general sampling-aliasing frequency region for rotating-blade parameter identification with emphasis on single-probe blade tip-timing measurement

Blade-health monitoring is intensely required for turbomachinery because of the high failure risk of rotating blades. Blade-Tip Timing (BTT) is considered as the most promising technique for operational blade-vibration monitoring, which obtains the parameters that characterize the blade condition from recorded signals. However, its application is hindered by severe undersampling and stringent probe layouts. An inappropriate probe layout can make most of the existing methods invalid or inaccurate. Additionally, a general conflict arises between the allowed and required layouts because of arrangement restrictions. For the sake of economy and safety, parameter identification based on fewer probes has been preferred by users. In this work, a spatial-transformation-based method for parameter identification is proposed based on a single-probe BTT measurement. To present the general Sampling-Aliasing Frequency (SAFE) map definition, the traditional time–frequency analysis methods are extended to a time-sampling frequency. Then, a SAFE map is projected onto a parameter space using spatial transformation to extract the slope and intercept parameters, which can be physically interpreted as an engine order and a natural frequency using coordinate transformation. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are verified by simulations and experiments under uniformly and nonuniformly variable speed conditions.     

Digital Radiometer Performance

This work investigates the performance of an all-digital, total-power radiometer (TPR), consisting of RF, mixer, and IF stages followed by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Square-law detection and smoothing is performed in a digital computer. A figure of merit, the degradation factor, is defined which compares the digital TPR with an ideal analog TPR. Exact results are obtained which include the effects of saturation, finite step size, and finite sampling rate of the ADC. A good approximation is developed which compares favorably with the exact results under certain conditions. The use of a general digital filter for smoothing is considered. A new parameter, the ?equivalent summation number?, is shown to be analogous to the equivalent integration time of an analog TPR.     

一类有理保形插值

给出了一个适用于一般数据集的有理保形插值函数。它不仅具有插值函数的形式简单、参数易于选取等特点,而且其C~2保形插值的参数可以很方便地求得,而不必求解非线性方程组。在给出C~k类函数(k=1,…,4)的Hermite插值的最佳误差估计的基础上,本文得到了一般数据集的保形插值的误差估计;作为其推论,又得到了对严格凸函数的保凸插值的误差估计。本文中C~1和C~2保形插值的参数仍可在一定范围内自由选取。故可利用其适当调整曲线的形状,使之更符合设计要求;或利用参数的适当选取以获得较好的逼近阶。提出的有理保形插值已用于正在开发的微机CAD并行系统。     

弹性飞机的数字式电传飞行控制系统的设计研究

 本文对主动控制的高性能飞机的气动伺服弹性影响进行了设计研究。从普遍的弹性方程建立了将刚体和结构模态分开描述的耦合方程,推导了主回路弹性传递函数,并同时利用频率响应和最优离散输出反馈调节器两种方法,对一种参考飞机的纵向一阶弯曲模态进行了简化的分析。提出了推荐的频率域设计指标和按最优增益对传感器安装位置的灵敏度作为需要控制的判据。讨论了比例式和前向复合控制两种系统类型的弹性和刚体反馈律的设计结果。     

Frequency Domain Interpolation

A formula is derived for interpolation between output samples of a fast Fourier transform (FFT), i.e., in the frequency domain. Such a formula is useful for obtaining greater frequency resolution when two coarse FFT outputs are available. Consideration is also given to the effect of such interpolation on a weighted FFT.     

非理想均匀圆阵的波达方向和多普勒频率联合估计

针对均匀圆阵存在一般阵列误差 (如阵元的幅相误差和安装位置误差等 )的情况 ,提出了多个信号的波达方向和多普勒频率估计方法。直接利用均匀圆阵的阵列流形 ,采用波达矩阵法估计各个信号的多普勒频率。由一般阵列误差的统计特性构造加权矩阵 ,采用加权总体最小二乘法估计各个信号的波达方向。此方法具有鲁棒性强等特点。计算机仿真证明了此方法的有效性     

Bandpass Signal Sampling and Coherent Detection

Coherent detectors in radar and communications receivers are generally implemented in the form of two parallel baseband channels which form in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of a received RF/IF signal. Phase errors of several degrees due to imperfect matching of these separate channels limit the performance achievable from signal processors such as moving target indicators (MTI), coherent integrators, Doppler filters, antenna array processors, and coherent sidelobe cancellers. Thus methods in which a single analog to digital (A/D) converter samples and digitizes the IF signal directly, eliminating the need for IF to baseband conversion, have been of recent interest and are the subject of this paper. To obtain accurate coherent detection from IF samples taken near the Nyquist rate requires interpolation based upon a number of stored samples. An algorithm derived from sampling theory is defined and used to demonstrate accurate reconstruction of the original IF signal from digitized samples. In-phase and quadrature components of the signal are shown to be available from processed samples with demonstrated phase errors less than 0.2°.     

随机共振锁频环路影响因素

针对随机共振锁频环路影响因素不够明朗的问题，在对随机共振锁频环路仿真验证的基础上，重点对信噪比、采样频率和系统参数对环路性能的影响进行了探究。首先，阐述了随机共振锁频环路基本原理，搭建了随机共振锁频环路模拟仿真平台。其次，通过设定不同的信噪比、采样频率和系统参数条件，观察随机共振锁频环路性能变化。最后，总结归纳出各条件对随机共振锁频环路的影响。仿真结果表明，信噪比越低，随机共振锁频环路对信号跟踪性能越差，且最低能够处理信噪比为Eb/N0=1dB的信号。采样频率在高于信号频率50倍时，提高采样频率虽可提高计算精度，但对环路跟踪性能改善作用不大。系统参数是决定随机共振效应能否发生及影响共振效果的关键因素，其表现为一个可供选择的数值区间。     

多速率数字飞行控制系统

 本文针对数字飞行控制系统的多速率特点,分析了等效变换的方法及变换成单速率系统的过程,并由此讨论了多速率系统的性能及其设计方法。     

基于 Kriging与多点取样算法的压气机特性建模

针对航空燃气轮机流量系数插值建模过程中,获取样本数据时的实验成本较高以及插值模型精度偏低这 2个问题,根据样本点在设计空间中的分布与模型精度的关系,在 Kriging插值模型的基础上,采用把垂距作为设计变量取值标准的取样算法。首先,将样本点与相邻 2点之间连线的垂距与垂距阈值进行比较,筛选出符合条件的数据点,形成候选点集;其次,选用高斯函数判定基础点集和候选点集的相关性;最后,使用该算法筛选后的样本点构建 Kriging插值模型。实验结果表明,该方法使用的样本点为原来数量的 70%左右,并且预测精度得到了提高,该方法是有效可行的。