动态数据建模中时间序列采样间隔的研究

动态数据建模认为,平稳连续随机过程是白噪声激励相应的线性时不变连续时间系统的输出,为便于计算机处理,需要确定对连续随机过程进行采样的采样间隔,通常人们采用仙农采样定理来对待。文中阐述了对动态数据建模中时间序列采样的问题,用多项式插值的采样理论进行了研究,指出在动态数据建模中,若要使从连续时间随机过程到离散时间序列的统计特性得到保持,采样频率应大于系统最大极点自然频率的6倍。     

Noncentral Interpolation of Band-Limited Signals

A sampling expansion is found for finite power band-limited signals when there are N samples to the right and N + L + I samples to the left of the interpolated point, where N and L are free to be any nonnegative integers. It is shown that the truncation error approaches zero as L approaches infinity for any nonnegative N. This corresponds to using the past samples to force the truncation error to zero while having only a finite reconstruction delay. An expansion is also found for endpoint extrapolation. These new expansions are created by using a convergence factor specially suited for each case.     

Sampling Bandpass Signals

In a recent paper [1], Brown examined the sampling of a real finiteenergy bandpass signal having an (angular) bandwidth ? (in radians per second) at the theoretically minimum (average) rate of ?/? samples per second. Following Grace and Pitt's [2] quadrature sampling, a particular case of Kohlenberg's second-order sampling [3, 4], Brown has proved the feasibility of a separate interpolation of the in-phase and quadrature components of the signal when ?o = k?/2 (Brown's condition), where ?o is the center (angular) frequency of the signal and k is an arbitrary positive integer. Here the problem is reconsidered from a general point of view, introducing, under Brown's condition, an interpolation formula which includes that of Grace and Pitt and which extends a theorem of Populis [5-7]. We indicate the necessary and sufficient conditions to obtain a separate interpolation, offering closed formulas to obtain the interpolation functions. We also discuss the minimum oversampling rate needed whenBrown's condition is not verified.     

非等间距相关系数AR(p)序列预测方法

针对非等间距时间序列预测中存在误差较大的问题,本文建立了非等间距相关系数AR(p)序列预测方法,详细讨论了非等间距相关系数AR(1)序列和AR(2)序列的预测公式和误差估计。大量计算表明,本文方法与通过插值将非等间距序列变换为等间距序列进行预测的传统方法相比,具有更高的预测精度。      

非等间距相关系数平稳序列分析方法

工程实际中由于数据缺损或受测试条件所限,常常得到非等间距的时间序列。而传统的时序分析方法只适用于等间距采样的数据,目前工程上对这类问题通常采用插值等近似处理方法,这往往导致较大误差。本文提出非等间距相关系数平稳序列的概念,建立了非等间距相关系数平稳序列自回归模型,给出了非等间距相关系数AR(p)序列的精确极大似然估计和条件极大似然估计,能够高精度地确定非等间距序列的均值函数、方差函数和相关系数函数。      

低采样率下对高频信号的识别方法

一、问题的提出 对于航空涡喷发动机等旋转机械,其叶片振动信号的提取已由接触式发展到非接触式。转子每转一周,每个叶片经过探头位置一次,产生一次采样。所以探头对单个叶片信号的平均采样率等于转子的运转速率。而根据采样定理,截止频率(Nyguist频率)f_c为采样频率f_s的一半(f_c=f_s/2)。     

NURBS曲线插补算法在圆弧插补中的分析与实现

NURBS曲线插补技术是目前高档数控机床研究的一个热点问题,针对传统插补方法中存在的精度低,速度慢的缺点,本文在分析NURBS曲线特点的基础上,提出了一种基于轮廓误差调整的圆弧曲线插补算法,实时修正插补参数,减小轮廓误差,并进行了仿真实现。通过与传统插补方法对比实验表明,该方法可以极大提高圆弧曲线的插补精度及插补效率,满足插补运算实时性的要求。     

径向基函数在高超声速热流插值中支撑点选择的判据研究

在使用径向基函数进行高超声速热流插值时,为了避免传统单一绝对误差判据选择得到的支撑点在热流较小处插值不准确的问题,提出一种双重误差判据下的径向基函数插值过程。这一过程首先使用绝对误差判据选择一定数量的支撑点,再使用相对误差判据标准选择另一部分点。通过数值实验验证同时采用以绝对误差和相对误差为标准选取支撑点的方法,结果表明：采用双重误差判据可以同时保证了热流较大与较小处的插值精度,尤其能避免传统单一绝对误差判据导致插值结果中容易出现负热流的问题。     

Multichannel Recovery of Quadrature Components of Bandpass Signals

The problem of sampling signals maintaining the theoretically minimum (average) sampling rate and allowing a separate interpolation is considered from a general point of view. The formulation will follow a recently published method for multichannel sampling; this way there is the advantage of working with functions depending only on the frequency and not on time and frequency as in other approaches. This simplifies the general expressions and the determination of separation conditions. Under the assumption of nonsingularity of certain matrices, we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for a separate interpolation and discuss them. Finally, an especially important case is considered as an example.     

任意采样率变换数字重构滤波器设计

针对理想重构函数在数字信号域不可实现而直接截取性能较差的情况,根据信号重构理论和FIR（Finite Impulse Response,有限脉冲响应）滤波器窗函数设计法,分析不同窗函数、不同截取长度对重构滤波器的影响,提出一种凯塞窗任意采样率变换数字重构滤波器设计方法.该方法通过选择合适的窗参数、截取长度、重构滤波器时域精度和量化位数,有效控制阻带最小衰减抑制数字重构镜像.设计的数字重构滤波器已成功应用于某卫星基带调制解调器,符合镜像抑制大于65 dB的性能要求.     

一类有理保形插值

给出了一个适用于一般数据集的有理保形插值函数。它不仅具有插值函数的形式简单、参数易于选取等特点,而且其C~2保形插值的参数可以很方便地求得,而不必求解非线性方程组。在给出C~k类函数(k=1,…,4)的Hermite插值的最佳误差估计的基础上,本文得到了一般数据集的保形插值的误差估计;作为其推论,又得到了对严格凸函数的保凸插值的误差估计。本文中C~1和C~2保形插值的参数仍可在一定范围内自由选取。故可利用其适当调整曲线的形状,使之更符合设计要求;或利用参数的适当选取以获得较好的逼近阶。提出的有理保形插值已用于正在开发的微机CAD并行系统。     

Bandpass Signal Sampling and Coherent Detection

Coherent detectors in radar and communications receivers are generally implemented in the form of two parallel baseband channels which form in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of a received RF/IF signal. Phase errors of several degrees due to imperfect matching of these separate channels limit the performance achievable from signal processors such as moving target indicators (MTI), coherent integrators, Doppler filters, antenna array processors, and coherent sidelobe cancellers. Thus methods in which a single analog to digital (A/D) converter samples and digitizes the IF signal directly, eliminating the need for IF to baseband conversion, have been of recent interest and are the subject of this paper. To obtain accurate coherent detection from IF samples taken near the Nyquist rate requires interpolation based upon a number of stored samples. An algorithm derived from sampling theory is defined and used to demonstrate accurate reconstruction of the original IF signal from digitized samples. In-phase and quadrature components of the signal are shown to be available from processed samples with demonstrated phase errors less than 0.2°.     

精密加工表面粗糙度在线检测系统的研究

介绍一个高精度的激光光纤传感式精密加工表面粗糙度在线检测系统。系统的工作原理基于表面散射理论,综合采用了光强补偿、调制、单通道信号处理以及互补采样等一系列技术,确保了测量的高精度。系统使用了单片微机,包括信号切换、互补采样、运算处理及显示打印等测量全过程,均由单片机控制     

利用差值定理降低飞行器速度和加速度拟合的截断误差

推导了差值定理及其推论,并以此作为数据拟合的有效点判据,显著降低了飞行器速度和加速度拟合的截断误差;探讨了该判据条件下滤波参数对拟合结果的影响及截断误差的判断条件,并采用实测数据对拟合效果进行了检验。     

Plane wave spectrum and boresight error of radome-enclosed antennas

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A novel multistage estimation of signal parameters

A multistage estimation scheme is presented for estimating the parameters of a received carrier signal possibly phase-modulated by unknown data and experiencing very high Doppler, Doppler rate, etc. Such a situation arises, for example, in the case of the Global Positioning Systems (GPS). In the proposed scheme, the first-stage estimator operates as a coarse estimator of the frequency and its derivatives, resulting in higher RMS estimation errors but with a relatively small probability of the frequency estimation error exceeding one-half of the sampling frequency (an event termed cycle slip). The second stage of the estimator operates on the error signal available from the first stage, refining the overall estimates, and in the process also reduces the number of cycle slips. The first-stage algorithm is a modified least-squares algorithm operating on the differential signal model and referred to as differential least squares (DLS). The second-stage algorithm is an extended Kalman filter, which yields the estimate of the phase as well as refining the frequency estimate. A major advantage of the proposed algorithm is a reduction in the threshold for the received carrier power-to-noise power spectral density ratio (CNR) as compared with the threshold achievable by either of the algorithms alone     

基于压缩感知的MIMO-SAR运动误差补偿与成像

多发多收合成孔径雷达（MIMO-SAR）利用多通道空间并行采样的优势可实现高分辨成像,但不可避免地存在运动误差与海量数据不便于存储与传输的问题。针对该问题提出一种基于压缩感知的MIMO-SAR运动误差补偿与成像方法。首先通过详细分析MIMO-SAR运动误差回波信号模型,在全采样条件下利用两步运动补偿技术实现对回波数据的运动误差补偿处理,其次针对降采样回波数据的运动误差补偿,通过构造变换算子与压缩感知（CS）重构模型的方法实现第1步运动误差补偿、距离脉压以及距离徙动校正处理,然后再进行第2步误差补偿与方位向脉压处理获得成像结果。最后通过仿真实验验证了所提方法能够在大幅压缩回波数据的情况下,实现MIMO-SAR运动误差补偿与成像处理。     

Double-stage Metamodel and Its Application in Aerodynamic Design Optimization

Constructing metamodel with global high-fidelity in design space is significant in engineering design. In this paper, a double-stage metamodel (DSM) which integrates advantages of both interpolation metamodel and regression metamodel is constructed. It takes regression model as the first stage to fit overall distribution of the original model, and then interpolation model of regression model approximation error is used as the second stage to improve accuracy. Under the same conditions and with the same samples, DSM expresses higher fidelity and represents physical characteristics of original model better. Besides, in order to validate DSM characteristics, three examples including Ackley function, airfoil aerodynamic analysis and wing aerody-namic analysis are investigated. In the end, airfoil and wing aerodynamic design optimizations using genetic algorithm are presented to verify the engineering applicability of DSM.     

基于数字包络检波的RNSS通道时延标定方法

提出一种采用数字处理的时延测试方法,用于对导航卫星导航信号发射通道分数码片时延的精确测量。该方法是通过高速A/D（模/数）转换器,对导航卫星下行的BPSK（二进制相移键控）信号和卫星导航秒脉冲进行双通道采样,读取采样数据并进行数据处理。根据秒脉冲信号触发门限上升沿确定时延测量起点,对BPSK采样数据进行平方律检波,获取码片换相点,计算换相点和秒脉冲之间的分数码片时延,并进行滤波器时延校准,从而得到导航卫星发射链路的分数码片时延,该方法不需要进行伪随机信号的捕获和跟踪,测量精度主要取决于采样器采样率。通过在测试中使用一根校准电缆对该方法进行验证,验证结果表明,采用本文提出测试方法的测量误差优于0.3ns。     

径流/斜流叶轮全三维反问题方法中的边界条件和级数截断

研究了脉动流场不同类型的进出口边界条件,比较了端壁边界条件的不同给法,并用基于定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)的商用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件数值研究了进出口、端壁的边界条件和级数截断误差对气动设计的影响.研究表明:进出口边界条件的影响可忽略不计,端壁边界条件的影响较大.取傅里叶级数约前15项后,截断误差的影响可忽略不计.