基于线性位移模式的环形谐振子理论研究

环形谐振子理论是谐振陀螺研究领域的重要内容,然而在目前经典环形谐振子理论中,仍 存在很多问题尚未解决,例如:挠度控制方程不能精确求解环形结构的弯曲问题,获得的二阶弯曲 角频率及进动系数理论解不能充分反映出其随尺寸参数(如高度h、曲率半径r 等)变化的影响规 律等。为了克服上述不足,从环形结构理论的基本假设和基本条件出发,基于环形结构的线性位 移模式假设、虚功原理和哈密顿原理,建立新的环形谐振子理论,包括广义本构关系、平衡方程和 边界条件等,获得环形结构静态弯曲问题的解析求解方法和动态问题的理论解。最后,针对典型 的环形结构静、动态问题,通过与其他理论结果进行对比,验证了理论和求解方法的正确性。工作 表明,进动系数不是恒定的,其值会随着结构尺寸的不同在0.4附近很小范围内发生变化。     

半球谐振陀螺的基础理论研究

针对半球谐振陀螺的几个基本理论问题,对包括环形谐振子和半球谐振子的动力学理论、控制理论和信号处理理论等进行了系统的阐述和总结,建立了包括谐振子振动频率和进动特性、激励系统稳定性、信号处理等在内的半球谐振陀螺的基本理论框架,以期为今后的具体工程提供理论指导。     

半球陀螺谐振子环向振型进动特性研究

基于半球谐振子的实际加工结构特征,为降低维持半球谐振陀螺振动所需的能量损耗,建立半球谐振陀螺能量型谐振子数学模型,并研究半球谐振子绕中心轴旋转时环向振型的变化规律;通过分析半球谐振子顶端角、底端角和壁厚的非理想性对进动因子的影响,确定半球壳体旋转时应选取的最佳振型与进动因子。采用ANSYS软件构建一系列模型,验证有关理论研究结果。通过计算仿真分析可知,半球谐振子进动因子对顶端角变化的敏感性远大于对底端角变化的敏感性,且顶端角变化引起的角速度误差远大于相同底端角变化引起的角速度误差,为半球谐振陀螺的谐振子加工研制提供了理论依据。     

硬夹心夹层板反对称变形

考虑面板和夹心的横向剪切刚度与弯曲刚度,基于小变形和变形协调性的假设,引入5个广义位移以描述夹层板的变形,采用广义变分原理,推导了各向同性材料夹层板的2个面内变形和1个横向变形的基本方程。以四边简支、受横向均布载荷作用的矩形夹层板为例,对比计算了夹心弹性模量和面板厚度的变化对计算结果的影响,并与基于Reissner理论和H.J.Hoff理论的夹层板模型的计算结果进行对比,结果表明,考虑面板和夹心的横向剪切刚度和抗弯刚度可以有效地提高夹层板弯曲变形的计算精度。     

夹层结构屈曲模型的拓展及失效判据

现存有许多种关于预测夹层结构在承受压缩/弯曲载荷时屈曲临界值的理论模型。在这些模型中,鲜有研究者在模型中考虑面板在屈曲过程中横向剪切所造成的影响。除此之外,现存屈曲公式的特点为：经典公式形式简单但精度低、适用范围小;一些模型精度高但形式复杂,不便于直接工程应用。因此,首先建立了一种基于弹性理论求解屈曲问题的新理论模型,模型中引入了面板的横向剪切效应并评估了剪切效应对屈曲载荷造成的影响。然后,通过在不同屈曲波长范围内对精确解进行简化,建立了在不同屈曲波长范围内的近似解模型,并评估了近似解的精度和适用范围。最后,建立了一个新的夹层结构屈曲失效判定准则,新准则具有更高的精度且形式简洁,易于工程应用。     

有缺陷圆柱壳振型进动的研究

谐振陀螺是一种不存在高速转子和活动支承的新型陀螺仪。其敏感部件是一个轴对称壳谐振子,圆柱壳便是其中一种。本文建立了圆柱壳在旋转情况下的动力学方程。研究了有缺陷的圆柱壳谐振子振型的进动情况;分析了其环向振型进动因子的相对扰动和绝对扰动;给出了圆柱壳谐振子环向缺陷对其振型进动特性的影响规律及实际加工,选择谐振子的准则。这些对于设计谐振陀螺有指导意义。     

轴对称多曲面融合结构金属谐振子模型建立方法

金属壳固体波动陀螺是基于固体波的进动效应进行角速度检测的一种全新 轴对称壳振动陀螺,具有结构简单、功耗低、抗冲击性强、稳定性高等优点,可广泛应 用于中低精度角速度测量领域。为分析轴对称多曲面融合结构金属谐振子中固体波的进 动效应,在双曲率坐标系下,基于薄壳理论,建立了理想条件下轴对称多曲面融合结构 金属谐振子中固体波进动的动力学模型。针对动力学模型过于复杂、难于分析的缺陷, 提出了利用弹性力学中的能量原理,建立轴对称多曲面融合结构金属谐振子等效模型的 方法,为金属壳固体波动陀螺的信号检测方法和控制回路设计奠定了理论依据。     

一种半球谐振陀螺谐振子动力学建模方法

准确完备的半球谐振陀螺（HRG）谐振子动力学模型是陀螺误差分析的基础。为建立半球壳谐振子动力学模型,基于弹性力学薄壳理论,提出了一种谐振子动力学建模方法。首先,在薄壳的弹性力学几何方程基础上,推导了半球壳谐振子的变形几何方程。其次,在提高受力分析计算精度的基础上,推导了半球壳谐振子的物理方程。然后,分析了谐振子中面的受力平衡关系,推导了谐振子的平衡微分方程。最后,基于以上对整个谐振子的动力学分析,建立了谐振子动力学方程。根据谐振子的不同外载荷形式,利用布勃诺夫-伽辽金法求解得到谐振子2阶谐振状态动力学模型,并得到了谐振子比例系数和2阶谐振频率的表达式。通过对比验证可以看出,参数计算值与实测数据结果一致,证明了所建立的动力学模型的准确性。     

旋转Timoshenko梁的动力学分析

针对旋转Timoshenko梁结构,在梁的纵向、横向变形中均考虑横向弯曲以及轴向伸缩的耦合作用,同时在横向弯曲中考虑剪切变形的影响,在柔性梁的2个变形方向上均考虑了变形的二次耦合项,并充分考虑轴向离心力、横向惯性力的作用,利用有限元方法进行离散并利用Hamilton原理建立非线性变形模式下的一种新的Timoshenko梁动力学方程。对一平面旋转梁进行仿真计算,通过分析不同情况下的频率与端点变形位移,说明耦合作用的"软化"效果,以及轴向离心力、横向惯性力对模型的影响。     

谐振子质量分布不均时HRG加速度影响分析

半球谐振陀螺运用哥氏效应来测量角速率,从原理上讲加速度会对其工作状态造成影响。分析半球谐振陀螺谐振子质量沿圆周角分布不均匀的情况下,加速度引起的惯性力对谐振子的工作状态的影响,并通过考察谐振子驻波进动角的变化来判断谐振子工作状态是否发生变化。推导结果表明,加速度对半球谐振陀螺谐振子的工作状态没有影响。     

A refined trigonometric shear deformation theory for thermoelastic bending of functionally graded sandwich plates

A refined trigonometric shear deformation theory (RTSDT) taking into account transverse shear deformation effects is presented for the thermoelastic bending analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates. Unlike any other theory, the number of unknown functions involved is only four, as against five in case of other shear deformation theories. The theory presented is variationally consistent, does not require shear correction factor, the displacement components are expressed by trigonometric series representation through the plate thickness to develop a two-dimensional theory and gives rise to transverse shear stress variation such that the transverse shear stresses vary parabolically across the thickness satisfying shear stress free surface conditions. The sandwich with homogeneous facesheet and FGM core is considered. Material properties of the present FGM core are assumed to vary according to a power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The influences played by the transverse shear deformation, thermal load, plate aspect ratio, and volume fraction distribution are studied. Numerical results for deflections and stresses of functionally graded metal–ceramic plates are investigated. It can be concluded that the proposed theory is accurate and simple in solving the thermoelastic bending behavior of functionally graded plates.     

Static Analysis of Functionally Graded Sandwich Plates Using an Efficient and Simple Refined Theory

In this paper, a new displacement based high-order shear deformation theory is introduced for the static response of function-ally graded sandwich plate. Unlike any other theory, the number of unknown functions involved is only four, as against five in case of other shear deformation theories. The theory presented is variationally consistent, has strong similarity with classical plate theory in many aspects, does not require shear correction factor, and gives rise to transverse shear stress variation such that the transverse shear stresses vary parabolically across the thickness satisfying shear stress free surface conditions. Two common types of functionally graded sandwich plates, namely, the sandwich with functionally graded facesheet and homogeneous core and the sandwich with homogeneous facesheet and functionally graded core, are considered. Governing equations are derived from the principle of virtual displacements. The closed-form solution of a simply supported rectangular plate subjected to sinu-soidal loading has been obtained by using the Navier method. The validity of the present theory is investigated by comparing some of the present results with those of the classical, the first-order and the other higher-order theories. It can be concluded that the proposed theory is accurate and simple in solving the static bending behavior of functionally graded sandwich plates.     

复合材料层板小挠度理论的改进

改进了复合材料层板高阶剪切变形理论。改进后的理论与一阶剪切变形理论同样只有5个独立变量,但考虑了横向剪切应变沿板厚呈二次曲线变化及满足了层间剪应力的连续性。该理论比简单高阶理论计算的位移和应力更为精确,且逼近三维弹性解。     

反对称正交铺层层板的热稳定

1.导言 复合材料结构在外载作用下力学响应由于温度的变化,层板的稳定问题的研究才刚开始涉及。热失稳问题在层板结构的应用中可能会产生,比如当宇航器在外层空间飞行时,由于受到太阳的幅射,温度改变而使层板失稳。国外有不少学者已开始这方面的研究,然而大都还限于经典理论范畴。本文提供的层板临界失稳温度控制方程是在Kirchhoff假设基础上考虑横向剪切变形影响后得来的,对于反对称正交铺设层板,可以找到解析解,并将结果与对称正交层板、经典理论结果作了比较,本文的结论对层板热稳定设计有一定     

套圈变形诱发的薄壁角接触球轴承摩擦特性

针对薄壁轴承在制造、安装过程中套圈变形引起的轴承摩擦力矩变化机理不明的问题,基于滚动轴承动力学理论,构建了计入套圈变形时变表征的薄壁角接触球轴承动力学分析模型与摩擦力矩数学模型,研究了套圈沟曲率半径、变形相位角、半幅值及工况条件对轴承摩擦特性的影响规律。结果表明：沟曲率半径系数对轴承摩擦力矩的影响随转速临界值变化而发生改变,该转速值在计入套圈变形时较理想套圈会出现超前或滞后。优化配置套圈变形相位角可降低变形对摩擦力矩的作用。载荷比会影响形成轴承摩擦力矩最小的套圈变形相位角,其对套圈两瓣波相位角变化的影响小于三瓣波变形。合理控制套圈变形半振幅可降低对轴承摩擦力矩波动性的影响。     

一种含分层复合材料层合板高阶理论及有限元模型

本文提出了一种新的复合材料县合板高阶弯曲位移模式。此模式考虑了横向剪切的影响,得到一种新的厚板有限元模型。对于含有分层的单元,通过改变其单元内横向剪切应力的分布,达到改变单元刚度的目的。因此,此模型适用于任何厚度的或含有分层的复合材料层合板。     

Geometrically exact nonlinear analysis of pre-twisted composite rotor blades

Modeling of pre-twisted composite rotor blades is very complicated not only because of the geometric non-linearity, but also because of the cross-sectional warping and the transverse shear deformation caused by the anisotropic material properties. In this paper, the geometrically exact nonlinear modeling of a generalized Timoshenko beam with arbitrary cross-sectional shape, generally anisotropic material behavior and large deflections has been presented based on Hodges’ method. The concept of decomposition of rotation tensor was used to express the strain in the beam. The variational asymptotic method was used to determine the arbitrary warping of the beam cross section. The generalized Timoshenko strain energy was derived from the equilibrium equations and the second-order asymptotically correct strain energy. The geometrically exact nonlinear equations of motion were established by Hamilton’s principle. The established modeling was used for the static and dynamic analysis of pre-twisted composite rotor blades, and the analytical results were validated based on experimental data. The influences of the transverse shear deformation on the pre-twisted composite rotor blade were investigated. The results indicate that the influences of the transverse shear deformation on the static deformation and the natural frequencies of the pre-twisted composite rotor blade are related to the length to chord ratio of the blade.     

弹性耦合对复合材料旋翼前飞气弹响应及载荷的影响

 给出一套计算复合材料旋翼前飞气弹响应和桨榖载荷的方法，所用结构模型考虑横向剪切变形、剖面面外翘曲变形和复合材料弹性耦合的影响。气动模型采用准定常升力线理论和Drees线性入流模型，翼型升力、阻力系数来自风洞试验。构造出21自由度梁单元，应用Hamilton 原理推导出桨叶运动的有限元方程。在此基础上，研究弯曲-扭转和拉伸-扭转耦合对复合材料旋翼前飞气弹响应和桨榖振动载荷的影响。结果表明：弹性耦合对扭转方向的影响很大，对挥舞和摆振两个方向的影响很小；各种弹性耦合对桨榖振动载荷有着不同程度的影响，负的摆振弯曲 扭转耦合和正的拉伸 扭转耦合使桨榖垂直方向的振动载荷降低5%左右。     

Nonlinear bending analysis of a 3D braided composite cylindrical panel subjected to transverse loads in thermal environments

The aim of this study is to investigate nonlinear bending for a 3-Dimensional(3D)braided composite cylindrical panel which has transverse loads on its finite length. By refining a micro-macro-mechanical model, the 3D braided composite can be treated as a representative average cell system. The geometric structural properties of its components deeply depend on their positions in the section of the cylindrical panel. The embedded elastic medium of the panel can be described by a Pasternak elastic foundation. Via using the shell theory of the von Ka′rma′nDonnell type of kinematic nonlinearity, governing equations can be established to get higherorder shear deformation. The mixed Galerkin-perturbation method is applied to get the nonlinear bending behavior of the 3D braided cylindrical panel with a simply supported boundary condition.Based on the analysis of the braided composite cylindrical panel with variable initial stress, geometric parameter, fiber volume fraction, and elastic foundation, serial numerical illustrations are archived to represent the appropriate nonlinear bending responses.