Bandwidth maximization for satellite laser communication

Free space optical communication between satellites networked together can make possible high speed communication between different places on Earth. The basic free space optical communication network includes at least two satellites. In order to communicate between them, the transmitter satellite must track the beacon of the receiver satellite and point the information optical beam in its direction. The pointing systems for laser satellite communication suffer during tracking from vibration due to electronic noise, background radiation from interstellar objects such as Sun, Moon, Earth, and Stars in the tracking field of view, and mechanical impact from satellite internal and external sources. Due to vibrations the receiver receives less power. This effect limits the system bandwidth for given bit error rate (BER). In this research we derive an algorithm to maximize the communication system bandwidth using the transmitter telescope gain as a free variable based on the vibration statistics model and the system parameters. Our model makes it possible to adapt the bandwidth and transmitter gain to change of vibration amplitude. We also present an example of a practical satellite network which includes a direct detection receiver with an optical amplifier. A bandwidth improvement of three orders of magnitude is achieved in this example for certain conditions, as compared with an unoptimized system     

The White Sands Range and Range-Rate System

This paper discusses the concept, design, and design verification of the White Sands Range and Range-Rate System. Development of the system has been completed only through the design phase. The system is designed to meet requirements for high-accuracy midcourse tracking under severe target dynamics at the White Sands Missile Range. It is a multistatic Doppler and range tracker which operates at X band and incorporates transmitter, transponder, receiver, and baseline subsystems. The transmitter includes specially designed digital circuitry to synthesize test signals for target simulation during checkout of the system. The transponder signal is processed by a receiver which has been established theoretically to be the optimum realizable processor of continuous tracking data. The receiver incorporates specially designed carrier acquisition circuitry and digital VCO, and directly provides digital Doppler and tone phase data to facilitate real-time processing. The system utilizes data from other tracking systems at the Range for spatial acquisition, for aiding carrier acquisition in the receiver, and for resolving range ambiguities.     

利用有限域上二元多项式构造带仲裁的认证码

在传统的无条件安全认证码中,假定发方和收方是相互信任的,他们不会互相欺骗。但有些情况也可能不是这样,发方在发出一个消息后,不承认是他发的,收方捏造了一个消息,声称来自发方,在这种情况下就需要增添仲裁方。带仲裁的认证码能解决通信系统中发方与收方互不信任的问题。利用有限域上二元多项式构造了一个带仲裁的认证码,并计算了所构造码的参数。当编码规则按等概率分布选取时,计算出了敌方与收方成功模仿攻击和成功替换攻击的最大概率．以及发方成功模仿攻击的最大概率。     

UV 波段的宽带可重构收发机的实现

设计了一种宽带可重构收发机,主要由三部分组成：发射机、接收机和频率源。发射机完成从中频 70 MHz 到100~550 MHz 的射频发射,为了减小发射信号对相邻信道的干扰,发射信号的杂散抑制要高。接收 机从众多的电波中选出有用信号,并将该信号搬移到中频信号,然后放大到解调器所要求的电平值,将射频信 号变为中频信号,由于传输路径上的损耗和多径效应,接收机接收的信号是微弱且有变化的,并伴随着许多干 扰,这些干扰信号强度往往远大于有用信号,因此接收机的主要指标是灵敏度和选择性。频率源提供精确和低 噪声的本振信号,为射频变频系统核心部分之一,频率源的主要指标是相位噪声。     

一个Modified Chen系统的混沌同步与加密

引进Observer同步方案,ModifiedChen混沌动力系统达到了较好的同步效果。两个已同步的ModifiedChen系统分别作为通信系统的传输器和接收器,分别利用两种不同的方式将信号加到传输端,实现了安全通信巾的加密与解密,从而验证了Observer混沌同步方案在安全通信系统中的有效性。     

基于拖曳式干扰机的ISAR微动散射波干扰方法

通过对微多普勒效应的研究,提出了一种新的逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）散射波干扰方法。将拖曳式干扰机和ISAR接收机分别等效为双基ISAR的发射站和接收站,干扰机对截获的ISAR信号进行微动信息调制并转发至目标,由其散射至ISAR接收机产生散射波干扰效果。干扰信号经ISAR接收机处理后可在真实目标回波成像结果附近产生假目标,且在方位向形成干扰条带。实验结果表明：通过控制干扰机转发参数及微动调制参数可分别实现不同的压制干扰效果。由于拖曳式干扰机与目标距离较近,干扰信号可获得较大功率,且与真实目标回波相参,可获得ISAR二维脉冲压缩处理增益,与传统射频噪声压制干扰方法相比成本较小。     

一种基于半符号的PSWFs调制信号PAPR抑制方法

针对椭圆球面波(Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions,PSWFs)调制信号峰均功率比(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio,PAPR)较高,易受信道非线性特性影响这一问题,文章引入半符号的思想,针对仅传输半个周期的奇对称、偶对称信号,降低并行传输信号路数,提出了一种基于半符号 PSWFs调制信号 PAPR抑制方法。该方法在发射端仅传输部分波形,用以降低调制信号 PAPR;在接收端,利用函数良好的奇偶对称性,对信号进行恢复。理论与仿真分析结果表明,所提方法在未明显降低系统误码性能的前提下,能够有效降低椭圆球面波调制信号峰均功率比。     

Moving target localization in distributed MIMO radar with transmitter and receiver location uncertainties

In this paper, the problem of moving target localization from Bistatic Range(BR) and Bistatic Range Rate(BRR) measurements in a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) radar system having widely separated antennas is investigated. We consider a practically motivated scenario,where the accurate knowledge of transmitter and receiver locations is not known and only the nominal values are available for processing. With the transmitter and receiver location uncertainties,which are usually neglected in MIMO radar systems by prior studies, taken into account in the measurement model, we develop a novel algebraic solution to reduce the estimation error for moving target localization. The proposed algorithm is based on the pseudolinear set of equations and two-step weighted least squares estimation. The Cramer-Rao Lower Bound(CRLB) is derived in the presence of transmitter and receiver location uncertainties. Theoretical accuracy analysis demonstrates that the proposed solution attains the CRLB, and numerical examples show that the proposed solution achieves significant performance improvement over the existing algorithms.     

MIMO雷达DOA估计阵列设计

 多输入多输出（MIMO）雷达的关键技术之一是天线阵列的设计。由于MIMO雷达同时增加了收发两端的相位中心,使得系统具有更高的空间分辨率和更多的自由度。论文从接收信号模型出发,对MIMO雷达发射正交信号的等效阵列进行了讨论,以波达方向估计为目标提出了一种MIMO雷达天线阵的设计方法,通过抛物线理论得出了收发组合的唯一性和合理性,然后通过分析各种收发组合给出了发射阵元的最佳间隔设置。推导了几种情景下的MIMO收发阵列最佳设计解析解,最后进行了仿真实验。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

基于相频约束的航天器定时技术

双向相干测距测速体制是最常用的航天器测量体制,是一种闭环体制.与之相比较,开环测距测速可以在信号更微弱的情况下获取到观测量,在深空任务中有着独特的意义.然而,开环测距也面临棘手的技术难题——高精度航天器定时技术.针对该难题,在保持现有航天器信号体制的基础上,阐述了基于遥测信号和测距侧音信号（差分单向测距DOR信号可看作侧音信号）间相频约束的航天器定时原理,研究了侧音频率最优化设计方法,给出了“器上发射测站接收”的初步实现方案,为后续开展工程应用奠定了基础.     

Another Source of VOR Omni Error

In the vicinity of reflecting objects, a VOR receiver picks up both the direct and reflected signals. This summation adds both amplitude and phase modulation to the signal that were not present at the transmitter. The error due to this phase modulation is fairly evident since the desired directional information is transmitted as a relative phase. What is not so evident is the fact that the amplitude modulation can also produce a phase error. This happens when asymmetrical filters are used to process the amplitude-modulated signal. The asymmetrical filter converts some of the amplitude-modulated sidebands into phase modulation which is recorded as a direct phase error.     

Design considerations for a real-time random-noise tracking radar

Random-noise radar has been applied successfully to range measurement, velocity estimation and terrain/target imaging. For applications involving stationary targets, long integration times and process averaging are easily tolerated. In situations where the target or radar platform moves at high speed, the impact of this relative motion on system design should be considered. This work addresses the statistical performance of a generic random-noise radar receiver and examines the inter-relationships between design parameters and performance tradeoffs. Complementing this examination, a random-noise monopulse system is also investigated as a possible architecture for real-time angle estimation. Simulations and numerical illustrations provide the basis of processor design and performance prediction.     

Software radios: Survey, critical evaluation and future directions

A software radio is defined as a set of digital signal processing (DSP) primitives, a metalevel system for combining the primitives into communication system functions (transmitter, channel model, receiver, etc.), and a set of target processors on which the software radio is hosted for real-time communications. The performance of enabling hardware technologies is related to software radio requirements, portending a decade of shift from hardware radios toward software intensive approaches. Computational models and architecture are discussed, stressing the need for topological consistency of radio functions and host architectures. A layered topology-oriented design approach encapsulated in a canonical open architecture software radio model is presented. The model provides a unified mathematical framework for quantitative analysis of algorithm structures, host architectures, and system performance for CAD     

GPS定位技术在个人数字助理上实现技术的研究

GPS全球定位系统是全球性的卫星导航定位系统,可以提供实时的经纬度位置和时间等信息。本文叙述了利用GPS定位信息在个人数字助理上实现显示持有此个人数字助理人位置的技术。首先介绍了实现定位功能的个人数字助理的硬件配置和利用GPS接收板接收定位信息的方法;然后详细介绍了实现嵌入式地理信息系统用到的地理数据的组织,显示模块的设计和电子地图的分块处理;最后介绍了采用直线优化Dijkstra算法实现最短路径搜索。     

Position error bound for UWB localization in dense cluttered environments

For most outdoor applications, systems such as global positioning system (GPS) provide users with accurate location estimates. However, similar range-only localization techniques in dense cluttered environments typically lack accuracy and reliability due, notably, to dense multipath, line-of-sight (LOS) blockage and excess propagation delays through materials. In particular, range measurements between a receiver and a transmitter are often positively biased. Furthermore, the quality of the range measurement degrades with distance, and the geometric configuration of the beacons also affects the localization accuracy. In this paper we derive a fundamental limit of localization accuracy for an ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) system operating in such environments, which we call the position error bound (PEB). The impact of different ranging estimation errors due to beacons distance and biases on the best positioning accuracy is investigated. The statistical characterization of biases coming from measurement campaigns can easily be incorporated into this analysis. We show that the relative importance of information coming from different beacons varies depending on the propagation conditions, such as whether the beacon is LOS or non-line-of-sight (NLOS). We show, in particular, that any a priori information knowledge on NLOS beacons can significantly improve the localization accuracy, especially in dense cluttered environments. Finally we put forth the concept of localization outage probability and epsi-localization accuracy outage, and use them to characterize the quality of localization throughout the area.     

The Series 320 Radar: Three-Dimensional Air Surveillance for the 1980s

Air surveillance radars for this decade will be required to provide reliable target location and trajectory information in height as well as the conventional geographical coordinates. These threedimensional radars will perform this task in spite of adverse environmental conditions such as ground, airborne clutter, and electromagnetic interference. The use of powerful false-alarm control processing allows automatic target detection and remoting of target information without overloading central processing capabilities. The technological evolution of the past decade has allowed sophisticated analysis, antenna/receiver/transmitter design, and signal/data processing techniques to be applied to the next generation of practical production radar systems. These radars will meet more severe performance requirements and will be significantly improved in terms of reliability, maintainability, and life cycle cost considerations. A candidate radar to fulfill the air surveillance role of this decade is the Series 320 radar manufactured by ITT Gilfillan.     

双基地及其联网系统的定位方法及精度分析

讨论的双基地系统中,发射站只起照射目标的作用,而接收站测量距离和、方位角及俯仰角。分析了双基地系统的目标定位方法和定位误差。通过分析定位精度在受控区域内的分布,提示了双基地系统的定位性能。文中对组网双基地系统的定位处理方法进行了讨论,其中采用WLS(Weighted Least Square)算法进行数据融合处理,仿真结果表明,联网双基地系统的定位精度大有提高。     

Noncoherent Detection of Split-Phase FSK by Multiple Predetection Filtering

When the cumulative drift in the center frequency of a binary split-phase FSK signal exceeds the peak deviation of the signal, a conventional noncoherent receiver (i.e., one provided with only two IF filters) may be unable to achieve the probability of error per bit which the designer desires. This limitation may be overcome if the receiver is provided with a bank of more than two contiguous filters (each followed by an envelope detector) tospan the total IF band the instantaneous IF signal might occupy. It is shown that the probability of error per bit for such a receiver is a function of 1) the ratio F of peak frequency deviation to peak frequency drift, 2) the number M of IF filter/detectors, and 3) the signal-to-noise ratio ? in the output of the filter containing the signal. It is further shown thatfor a given value of F an increase in M reduces the amount of transmitter power the communication system designer must provide to yield a given probability of error per bit.     

空间发电系统热管式吸热器热性能分析

为了提高吸热器的热性能、降低吸热器的质量,将热管用于空间太阳能热动力发电系统的吸热蓄热器,建立了相应的物理和数学模型,给出了数值求解方法,计算了蓄热容器最高温度、热管最高壁温、工质出口温度、相变材料(PCM)熔化率等参数,并与基本形吸热器进行了对比,验证了PCM的储热能力,减小了工质气体出口温度的波动。计算结果可用于吸热器的设计。      

Phase-Coded Interrupted CW Signals and Processors

High resolution radars require signals with large time-bandwidth product such as CW signal and coherent pulse train (CPT). We discuss a phase-coded interrupted CW (ICW) signal which is the combination of CW signal and CPT. Phase codes used here are with perfect periodic autocorrelation. The periodic ambiguity function of ICW signals is studied including single-carrier signal and multi-carrier signal. It is interesting that the gate function has different effects on two signals and contributes to a multi-carrier ICW signal which yields nearly perfect autocorrelation. Meanwhile we also suggest an efficient receiver approach to ICW signals, which can reduce the computational burden of the processor and utilize the good properties of P3 and P4 codes.