Technology roll lessons learned on embedded avionics platforms

Open system architectures based on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) building block components offer the ability to leverage the latest technology into fielded products while minimizing the impact to the operational flight software, typically the most costly component of an avionics development or upgrade. Our team has developed a layered hardware and software approach based on industry standard hardware and software interfaces to abstract the application (operational) software developers from the underlying technology rolls to the hardware and operating system software that naturally occur as part of the commercial marketplace, A technology roll is defined as the replacement of a current product with a subsequent generation of a product from the same product family. In this article, we describe the components and the layered architecture of our open system architecture approach. We discuss specific system, hardware, and software technology insertions that incorporate the latest available technology and how these changes have been abstracted from the application software. The article concludes by discussing lessons Learned from the use of these common components and corresponding technology rolls across various platforms     

Interfacing aircraft to commercial personal computers

The focus of this paper is the concept of utilizing commercial PC products and interfacing them to military and commercial aircraft. The problem of the life cycle of the different products is examined from multiple viewpoints, Existing products are described, the architecture for each implementation is derived, and their strengths and weaknesses are explored. Finally an attempt to define the root causes for the problem of implementation of interface architectures in this environment will be presented. A new developmental architecture will be introduced. This architecture is designed to maintain the strengths of the traditional architectures and eliminate some of the weaknesses and inefficiencies. A series of hardware/software co-development projects will be described to demonstrate the new architecture. The relative performance of the architecture has been evaluated and refined by multiple implementations. These will be described and future implementations examined     

基于DSP和FPGA的软件无线电平台研究

从硬件和软件两方面建立了基于DSP和FPGA的软件无线电平台。重点研究了该实验平台多模式数字调制解调的硬件实现结构、软件实现结构和不同模式之间的切换等,充分体现了软件无线电系统的灵活性、开放性和兼容性等特点。     

Next generation space avionics: layered system implementation

Advances in electronics over the past decade have produced major improvements in the power and flexibility of computer systems. Unfortunately current avionics systems for space applications typically have not leveraged these COTS advantages. A decade ago, the state-of-the-art for avionics systems made a step change to the Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) used in the Boeing 777. This next generation avionics architecture is not based upon traditional Byzantine redundancy structures, but on a truth-based scheme where each element knows when an internal failure occurs and removes itself from the system. IMA utilizes a lock-step microprocessor design that communicates to a COTS Backplane for input/output, and to a Virtual Backplane/spl trade/ (a reliable high-speed serial bus) for intra-system communication. The system functions are implemented using a time and space partitioned operating system. The entire system provides the simplicity of a simplex system, implements the highest level of reliability providing complete flexibility to reconfigure both software applications and hardware interfaces, allows for rapid prototyping using low-cost COTS hardware, and is easily expandable beyond the initial point implementation. As the only 5/sup th/ generation avionics architecture, the concepts incorporated into Honeywell's IMA are ideally suited to be the backbone of the next generation Space Exploration Program avionics architectures.     

导弹集群协同作战任务规划系统

以领弹/攻击弹等新概念作战方式为例,讨论基于C4ISR系统下的导弹集群协同作战的总体框架,对信息融合系统、态势评估系统、任务规划系统、战毁评估系统及数据链系统等进行了分析,并对任务规划的主要算法,如A*,D*,Voronoi图法等进行了分析比较,最后设计了任务规划系统的硬件体系框架和软件结构模块.     

基于虚拟无线电技术的航天测控系统设计

为了适应未来航天测控系统的发展趋势,提出了VRTCS（虚拟无线电测控系统）硬件平台和软件系统的基本结构。以通用高性能计算机作为系统的硬件平台,采用分层结构模型设计系统体系结构,使得航天测控系统具备更好的通用性和灵活性。阐述了VRTCS的基本概念和总体结构,对系统各组成部分的功能、组成和用途进行了分析;对测控系统中构件进行分层设计,开发原型软件实现测控系统的核心应用;以统一载波测控系统为模型,通过测控信号接入试验,验证了VRTCS的可行性。     

面向流场计算的专用超级计算机体系结构研究

 本文在对流体力学等一类大型计算问题的并行计算模型进行分析的基础上,提出了一种可以实现大规模并行处理的专用超级计算机体系结构方案。该系统由一台宿主机和一个多计算机阵列组成一台个人超级计算机。利用专用性,减小复杂性,提高并行性是系统的主要特色。系统采用二维超环结构作为计算机结点之间的互连结构,反映了计算中数据交换的局部性特点,具有好的通信性能。每个计算机结点本身又采用流水线向量处理结构,从而将高层次的多机并行与低层次的向量处理相结合,实现了大规模的并行计算。本文讨论了系统的软、硬件结构并研究和评价了通信性能。     

超短波电台自动检测与故障诊断系统设计

介绍了超短波电台自动检测系统与故障诊断系统的功能,并根据功能要求进行了硬件电路的设计,采取面向信号的ATLAS语言进行软件设计和建立在专家知识输入故障推理模型.该系统经使用证明,检测结果精确,检测效率较高.     

PAVE PACE: system avionics for the 21st century

The PAVE PACE Initiative has been established to validate system avionics concepts for advanced military aircraft. The author presents the rationale of why the advanced architecture established by the PAVE PILLAR program should be continued under PAVE PACE to achieve: practical and affordable airborne versions of modular parallel processing network architectures for many applications currently beyond real-time implementation, readily available avionics for use in all avionics and, greatly improved techniques to reduce the cost of software development and support. An approach to the overall design structure for future avionics is also presented that entails: the use of CAD (computer-aided design) tools to assist in the development of system, hardware and software requirements, the use of replicated hardware modules (some at the wafer level), the use of reuseable software modules and the use of CAD tools to tailor hardware/software modules for specific application requirements. Continued use of the PAVE PILLAR high-speed data bus and operating system is recommended as the means to integrate and control the data input and output of physically and functionally separate parallel networks     

便携式绝缘测试仪表检定装置

介绍了一个基于 PC1 0 4总线的便携式绝缘测试仪表检定装置 ,详述了其系统的工作原理及硬件和软件的结构特点 ,并进行了检定装置的不确定度分析     

基于A3200控制器的超精密机床控制系统的设计与应用

以一种新型的运动控制器—A3200控制器为核心搭建了数控系统硬件平台,对控制器的控制函数及直接命令进行了研究,基于机床的需求开发了数控系统软件平台。同时,结合A3200控制器与伺服系统参数整定与优化方法,对伺服系统参数进行了整定和优化,提高了系统的精确性和稳定性。最后,对半球谐振子进行了加工试验,验证了数控系统的控制性能及加工精度。     

大型民机的非相似余度飞控计算机研究

 对中国自主研制的大型民机的余度飞行控制系统进行基础技术研究,设计了一套适合民机电传(FBW)系统的余度飞控计算机(FCC)新方案。提出了民机余度飞控计算机的2个设计准则：满足系统的可靠性指标和满足FO/FO/FO容错等级。然后根据这2个基本准则,给出了民机余度飞控计算机设计的7个建议,从而确定了民机余度飞行控制系统的余度数和余度结构：新型民机的余度飞行控制系统可采用非相似四余度,每个余度通道由两个支路构成比较监控结构,每个支路运行2套软件,保证软硬件系统的可靠性均衡。还确定了民机余度飞行控制系统的工作方式,使用Petri网分析了新方案的可靠性,并与B777和A320的余度飞控计算机进行了比较。     

模型驱动的软件构件研制保证水平验证方法

在机载软件架构设计阶段,人们将安全性研制保证水平分配到具体的构件中,确保产品质量。鉴于现代航空软件系统极其复杂,如何从系统角度,检验分配给构件的安全性等级符合系统的一致性目标,是设计阶段需要解决的重要问题。首先,分析了分布式和综合式机载软件系统的架构特点,得出了在安全性分析工作中需要考虑冗余等架构设计的影响的结论。其次,使用系统建模语言(SysML)块图建立带有安全性等级属性的系统静态结构模型,利用矩阵对模型进行精确的形式化转换;制定验证规则,在此基础上给出了验证方法,以验证安全性等级分配的合理性。在验证过程中,将关键信息存储在XML文档中,可为适航性审查提供证据。最后,通过实例分析,验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于模型的设计综合方法在综合数据管理系统中的应用

本文介绍了Harmony的基于模型的设计综合方法,并采用该方法对综合数据管理系统进行设计综合.其设计综合流程包括:架构分析、架构设计和详细架构设计.对每个阶段的活动及其产物进行了描述,并给出了每个阶段在实际系统中的应用结果,最后说明了设计综合阶段完成后应给后续软硬件开发人员的交付物.应用结果表明,该设计综合方法能较好地衔接系统功能分析和软硬件开发阶段,并能基于模型对系统架构进行设计综合及验证,增强了系统设计综合结果的可靠性.     

非相似余度飞控计算机

从容错的角度介绍了Boeing777和A320的数字飞行控制计算机系统。Boeing777和A320的飞控计算机都采用了非相似的余度技术,能容忍软件和硬件的共态故障,但在每个计算机的功能分配和整个飞控计算机系统的余度结构编排等方面体现了各自的特点。用广义随机Petri网描述了Boeing777余度结构和容错动态过程,并进行了系统的可靠性计算和容错度分析。针对中国"大型飞机"容错飞控系统的设计作了分析和建议。     

认知无线网络及其频谱管理技术

认知无线网络通过不同种类的无线网络体系结构之间的并存和动态频谱接入技术可以为移动用户提供高带宽的服务。高效的频谱管理技术是这一新型网络面临的主要挑战之一。为了更好的理解认知无线网络,文章简单回顾了认知无线电技术,对认知无线网络的结构及特点进行了深入研究,明确了认知无线网络频谱管理的主要任务,并结合认知无线电当前的发展状况对认知无线网络频谱管理技术进行了总结分析。     

基于层次分析法的综合射频架构选取技术研究

综合射频系统是作战飞机航空电子系统的重要组成部分，它们是作战飞机通过无线电方式感知外界信息的重要系统。系统架构的选取直接影响了飞机的作战性能，针对以往架构选取依赖大量定性分析而缺乏定量对比问题，提出了基于层次分析法的综合射频架构选取技术，该技术能够有效地根据不同的任务需求和平台需求，综合考虑定量和定性因素，给出更为合理对比分析结果，为综合射频系统的系统设计提供技术支撑。该技术也可推广到航空领域其他多目标决策问题的应用。     

Development of a PC-based Open Architecture Software-CNC System

As a key technology in the field of advanced manufacturing, an open architecture controller is studied. In order to develop an open architecture software-CNC system on personal computer (PC) according to open modular architecture controllers (OMAC). First, the software and hardware platform is chosen and software realization methodology for the CNC system is determined. Second, static mod- eling methods of an open architecture controller inclusive of object-oriented (OO) programming technology, dynamic link library (DLL) technology and system modules partition are investigated. Third, the dynamical behavioral modeling and the data flow representation of open architecture controller are discussed, which are both described in hierarchy finite state machine (FSM) model. Fourth, a reusable software module model is established to develop software function module library. Finally, a 3-axis milling machine tool test-bed, named for HIT-CNC, is successfully designed by means of the constructed software function module library and the system configuring method. The experimental results show that, besides increasing the degree of reusability and openness, application of above-mentioned method- ology leads to significant decrease of development time as well as maintenance cost.     

机载嵌入式计算机通用化BIT架构设计技术

设计开发了一种通用化BIT软件架构技术,可应用于机载嵌入式计算机。将BIT软件按照功能分为硬件驱动层、测试算法层、测试配置及控制层、应用接口层等,可极大程度实现不同硬件环境、操作系统环境下,BIT软件的可移植性,还定义了一种操作系统启动前实现硬件BIT检测的方法,可有效提高内存、CPU等硬件资源的故障检测率。