2020年国外惯性技术发展与回顾

通过对IEEE惯性传感器与系统会议、MEMS国际会议、圣彼得堡组合导航会议、PLANS会议和DGON ISS会议等惯性技术相关会议文献,以及惯性技术相关机构发布的一些动态信息进行梳理,总结分析了惯性技术领域的最新发展动态,并重点介绍了光学陀螺、微机电(MEMS)陀螺和加速度计等惯性器件的发展现状,以及美国为增强定位、导...     

2021年国外惯性技术发展与回顾

对2021年IEEE惯性传感器与系统会议、MEMS国际会议、圣彼得堡组合导航会议等惯 性技术相关会议文献,以及惯性技术领域相关机构披露的动态信息进行详细梳理。总结了光学陀 螺、微机电(MEMS)陀螺、半球谐振陀螺(HRG)、原子陀螺和加速度计等惯性仪表及惯性系统的发 展现状,并对惯性技术领域的发展动向进行了剖析与展望。     

2022年国外惯性技术发展与回顾

惯性技术广泛应用于海、陆、空、天各种载体的导航、定位与控制。通过对2022年的IEEE惯性传感器与系统会议、DGON惯性传感器系统会议、MEMS国际会议和圣彼得堡组合导航会议等惯性技术相关会议文献以及惯性技术领域相关机构披露的动态信息进行的详细梳理,总结了光学陀螺、微机电(MEMS)陀螺、半球谐振陀螺(HRG)、加速度计以及新兴的量子惯性传感器等惯性仪表及惯性导航系统(INS)的发展现状,并对惯性技术领域的发展趋势进行了分析与展望。当前,惯性技术领域相关研究主要侧重于小型化、提高精度和降低成本等方面。其中,光学陀螺较为成熟,更为侧重于小型化相关研究;微机电陀螺正在致力于向导航级性能突破和发展;半球谐振陀螺主要着力于探索降低高端产品的制造成本。     

Communications Award to Robert D. Briskman [Society News & Information]

The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics presented Robert D. Briskman with the Aerospace Communications Award at their 25th International Communications Satellite Systems Conference, in Seoul, Korea, on April 12, 2007.     

Satellite navigation services. Galileo: introduction

In its conclusions of 17 March 1998 on the European Commission's communication ‘Towards a Trans-European Positioning and Navigation Network — including a European strategy for Global Satellite Navigation Systems (GNSS)’, the European Union (EU) Council of Ministers requested the Commission to present recommendations on the future European approach to global satellite navigation.     

New approach to a multistatic passive radar sensor for air/spacedefense

A method to apply the latest technology in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), in particular the U.S. NAVSTAR GPS (NAVigation System for Timing And Ranging Global Positioning System) and the Russian GLONASS (GLObal'naya Nqvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema), as a silent multistatic or parasitic radar for air defense is described. These satellite systems serving as navigational aids are well suited for low power radar applications due to the similarity and compatibility of the transmitted satellite signals with modern radar signals, such as spread spectrum modulation and Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) codes. Preliminary flight tests with airships, jet and propeller aircraft, helicopter, anti tank missiles and spaceborne targets (MIR) to study effects have been conducted     

A systematic approach to nonlinear rotorcraft model identification

The development of a powerful parameter estimation routine and its integration into the simulation environment HOST is described. With this tool approaches are being made towards new strategies of mathematical modeling, aimed at providing highly accurate and nevertheless run-time efficient simulation models. The identification routine is capable of optimizing parameterized models in both dynamic time domain simulation and static (e.g. trim state variation) conditions. Examples of both cases are presented to emphasize the improvement in the system response prediction and to demonstrate the abilities of the identification techniques in combination with the nonlinear simulation platform. This article reviews the activities and achievements accomplished by the DLR Institute of Flight Research and the ONERA Systems Control and Flight Dynamics Department during the last few years in the research on rotorcraft flight dynamics modeling and model identification. Future activities that require extensive high fidelity modeling are in the scope of the current and coming modeling activities that include the use of the presented methods and software technologies.     

Some Electrical/Electronic Areas Requiring Emphasis in Preparation for Future Space Programs

A panel session held at the 1965 Aerospace Conference, Houston,Tex., June 23, 1965. Panelists discussed Life-Suppport interfaces with Electric Power; Communications; Navigation; System Integration for Future Space Programs; and Reliability.     

Spiral evolution applied to legacy avionics systems

The US Department of Defense (DoD), through the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), has determined that evolutionary acquisition is their strategy of choice for future software-intensive systems, and that the spiral development model (SDM) is the preferred method/process for software-intensive development life cycles. Electronic Systems Command (ESC) at Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts, has written a draft handbook on the use of Spiral Development for all future Command and Control (C2) systems, including reference to the DoD 5000 series and Air Force Program Directive 63-1, Acquisition System, which deploys this OSD mandate for future C2 systems. Barry Boehm's continued work on SDM which he conceived in the 1980s, is heavily biased toward development of new systems that are software-intensive, as noted in a workshop he gave at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) in 2000.     

New ATC requirements phasing in preparation for the C-17 GATM/NAV safety functions to meet civil requirements

For the next 10 years new worldwide communication, navigation, and surveillance (CNS) requirements are being incrementally imposed upon commercial aircraft avionics, and upon the Air Traffic Control community, by the Aviation Administrations of most nations, including the FAA and the JAA. These requirements are the result of a decade of study by the United Nations' International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to improve aviation safety and efficiency. In 2001, the USAF mandated compliance to the CNS requirements for its military aircraft, which is called Navigation Safety/Global Air Traffic Management (NS/GATM) by the USAF. By complying with these requirements, the C-17 will maintain its ability to fly internationally without CNS restrictions, such as requiring special handling. The Phase I study reported herein is the first phase of a three-phase study effort that will result in the C-17 achieving NS/GATM compliance for a specific set of NS/CNS requirements.     

Development of 1000-mHz Distance Measuring Equipment

The major radio aids to air navigation are listed. Underlined are those whose signal format is standardized by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and they have now all been the subject of the IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society Pioneer Award, as follows: airborne direction finder/nondirectional beacon (ADF/NDB), Busignies and Moseley, 1959; VHF omnidirectional range (VOR), Stuart, 1962; instrument landing system (ILS), Kramar 1964, Alford 1965; air traffic control radar beacon system (ATCRBS), Williams, Bowden, and Harris, 1973; distance measuring equipment (DME), Dodington, 1980. A brief history of the development of the distance measuring equipment, which also formed the basis for an IEEE National Aerospace Electronics Conference luncheon address, is given.     

Modular ICNIA Packaging Technology

Significant size, weight, power and reliability improvements can be achieved in next generation avionics by the modular integration of similar functions into a fault tolerant reconfigurable architecture. The Integrated Communication Navigation Identification Avionics program (ICNIA), and ITT/TI Joint Venture, is accomplishing this task with a combination of modular circuit designs using VHSIC technology, improved packaging designs incorporating surface mount component technology and a modular two-level maintenance support concept for reduced life cycle cost. This article will concentrate on the modular packaging technology of the digital processor subsystem.     

The manufacture of high resolution X-ray grazing incidence telescopes in the U.K.

Research on materials and manufacturing methods are now aimed at producing 1 arc sec resolution X-ray telescopes.Proceedings of the Conference Solar Physics from Space, held at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), 11–14 November 1980.     

综合化火力控制仿真系统

讨论了综合化火力控制系统的软硬件开发,系统结构和信息流情况。包括:(1)提出~种静态真值计算迭加传感器噪声的方法来模拟ADC、INS、RAD和BU几个子系统并在合理假设的基础上导出了相应的计算公式;(2)对MC子系统中的各种攻击模式进行了介绍;(3)提出以Fuzzy控制器代替飞行员构成人-机-火控系统大闭环来仿真空战飞机的飞行信息,这样可以简化方案降低成本;(4)提出~种HUD中符号产生器的设计方案;(5)扼要介绍了MIL-STD-1553B总线的开发工作。     

AEGIS ORTS-the first and future ultimate integrated diagnosticssystem

The AEGIS Weapon System's Operational Readiness Test System (ORTS) was the predecessor to current Integrated Diagnostic Systems. Evolving from cost effective, diagnostic mix modeling and analysis, it optimally integrated the diagnostic apparatus of the era with AEGIS weapons. As such system's target the 21st century, more complete integration can be achieved. An entire ship, including weapon system, hull mechanical and electrical systems, and propulsion systems can be serviced by a single Integrated Diagnostic System     

基于UKF的GPS/SINS组合导航直接式滤波算法

基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)方法,使用姿态、速度、位置等9个导航参数组成状态向量,以GPS系统输出的速度、位置组成6维观测向量,构建直接式结构的UKF滤波器。该滤波器能够直接反映系统导航参数的动态过程,准确显示运动状态演变。针对GPS/SINS组合导航系统的特点,构建了GPS/SINS组合导航直接式卡尔曼滤波仿真验证系统,仿真结果验证了基于UKF的GPS/SINS组合导航直接式滤波算法的有效性,该直接式非线性滤波算法可使惯性组合导航系统的导航精度得到提高。     

现代电传操纵飞机驾驶员手操纵器试飞演示

介绍了１９９４年在俄罗斯格罗莫夫飞行研究（ＦＲＩ）的Ｔｙ－１５４Ｍ空中飞行模拟器上进行的现代电传操纵飞机试飞演示的情况，其中包括试飞文件编写，飞行前训练，飞行试验，驾驶员评定，数据处理和编写技术报告等内容，对现代电传操纵飞机驾驶员手操纵器试飞方法进行了综合分析与研究，获得了一些实践经验，可供国内同行参考。     

Three Years of Progress in Integrated Diagnostics

In 1983 the NSIA sponsored the first Integrated Diagnostics National Conference. The major finding from this Conference was the lack of integration of those technologies which are part of the diagnostic process. Since that time, much has been done to implement the concept of integrated diagnostics. The NSIA has produced a baseline report on the implementation of the concept. This was followed by a series of Service programs aimed at implementation. The Office of the Secretary of Defense considers solutions to the diagnostic problem to be one of its major R&D goals. This paper discusses the progress made during the last three years on the implementation of integrated diagnostics. The paper also discusses the author's ideas on where the program is going.     

原子钟性能对卫星导航系统定位精度的影响分析

星载原子钟是卫星导航系统的关键设备,原子钟主要通过影响卫星钟差对定位精度产生影响,分析了GNSS星载原子钟性能对定位精度的影响.通过原理分析,建立了原子钟稳定度与卫星导航系统定位精度的关系.在不考虑控制段对星钟校准误差的前提下,将原子钟噪声与星上工作环境因素作为主要因素,分析了GPS-IIF铷钟和铯钟对钟差/定位误差的影响,并给出了分析结果.最后,利用iGMAS提供的钟差产品数据,对比了北斗和GPS部分原子钟的稳定度及其对定位精度的影响,为后续星载原子钟的发展与选择提供了一定参考.