基于SE-DEA和Malmquist模型的四站保障安全评价

为了对空军航空兵场站四站保障分队的安全效率展开全面评价,提高保障和飞行安全,针对四站保障的特点构建评价指标体系,建立了超效率 DEA模型和 Malmquist指数模型,并对其各个保障单元进行了静态分析和动态安全评价。分析发现,该四站分队安全效率整体为非 DEA有效,其中安全效率最高为环控保障单位,最低的为气体保障单位。造成安全效率较低的主要原因为纯技术效率偏低,即安全管理水平落后。通过研究,该方法适用于航空四站保障安全效率的科学评价,能够有效掌握四站保障各单元及整体的安全状态和管理水平,并对下一阶段的安全趋势进行预测。     

Evaluation of estimation algorithms part I: incomprehensive measures of performance

Practical metrics for performance evaluation of estimation algorithms are discussed. A variety of metrics useful for evaluating various aspects of the performance of an estimation algorithm is introduced and justified. They can be classified in two different ways: 1) absolute error measures (without a reference), relative error measures (with a reference), or frequency counts (of some events), and 2) optimistic (i.e., how good the performance is), pessimistic (i.e., how bad the performance is), or balanced (neither optimistic nor pessimistic). Pros and cons of these metrics and the widely-used RMS error are explained. The paper advocates replacing the RMS error in many cases by a measure called average Euclidean error     

CNS／ATM工作站培训系统分析与实现

CNS/ATM工作站系统即通信、导航、监视/空中交通管理系统,是新航行系统的重要组成部分,是航空电信网(ATN)的地面终端系统。CNS/ATM工作站培训系统是为我国逐步实施新航行系统而设计的,主要用来培训适应新一代航管系统的管制员。本文介绍了CNS/ATM工作站培训系统的总体构成、工作原理和各模块的功能,分析了某些模块的设计和实现方法。     

Systematic Geometric Error Modeling for Workspace Volumetric Calibration of a 5-axis Turbine Blade Grinding Machine

A systematic geometric model has been presented for calibration of a newly designed 5-axis turbine blade grinding machine. This machine is designed to serve a specific purpose to attain high accuracy and high efficiency grinding of turbine blades by eliminating the hand grinding process. Although its topology is RPPPR (P: prismatic; R: rotary), its design is quite distinct from the competitive machine tools. As error quantification is the only way to investigate, maintain and improve its accuracy, calibration is recommended for its performance assessment and acceptance testing. Systematic geometric error modeling technique is implemented and 52 position dependent and position independent errors are identified while considering the machine as five rigid bodies by eliminating the set-up errors of workpiece and cutting tool. 39 of them are found to have influential errors and are accommodated for finding the resultant effect between the cutting tool and the workpiece in workspace volume. Rigid body kinematics techniques and homogenous transformation matrices are used for error synthesis.     

Problem characterization in tracking/fusion algorithm evaluation

The performance of a tracking/fusion algorithm depends very much on the complexity of the problem. This paper presents an approach for evaluating tracking/fusion algorithms that consider the difficulty of the problem. Evaluation is performed by characterizing the performance of the basic functions of prediction and association. The problem complexity is summarized by means of context metrics. Two context metrics for characterizing prediction and association difficulty are normalized target mobility and normalized target density. These metrics should be presented along with the performance metrics. The context metrics also support more efficient generation of input data for performance evaluation. Simple tests for evaluating basic tracking algorithm functions are presented     

战斗机功能敏捷性三种评估方法

介绍了战斗机功能敏捷性的三种评估尺度－指向裕度，相对能量状态和空战周期时间，仿真计算了两架战斗机的功能敏捷性，对计算结果进行了分析比较，并讨论了初始飞行速、高度、发动机推力及翼载荷等因素对飞机功能敏捷性的影响。     

飞机作战生存力分析方法研究进展与挑战

军用飞机在执行作战任务过程中,常常会与武器系统遭遇,如何分析其生存能力从而进行改进设计一直是航空领域的研究难点。回顾了作战生存力研究的历史与现状,从敏感性计算和易损性计算两方面总结了生存力的定量分析方法,重点综述了基本信号探测敏感性模型、雷达对抗下的敏感性模型、红外对抗下的敏感性模型,以及部件间弹道遮挡关系确定、部件毁伤测度与判据、重叠及高维空间易损性计算、薄弱部位确定方法等方面取得的新进展。在此基础上,针对未来体系对抗与先进武器环境,提出了生存力研究需要关注和解决的问题,包括网络与信息战下的敏感性分析、敏感性对抗装置的效益代价与权衡设计、部件易损性毁伤机理与判据、先进武器及多因素耦合下的易损性分析以及大数据背景下的性能降级易损性研究等。     

宽带城域网骨干组网技术--第三层交换技术MPLS在城域网中的应用

比较分析了当前流行的三类城域网骨干组网技术第二层交换技术IP over ATM,第三层路由技术IP over SDH,第三层交换技术MPLS,比较了三种技术的关键特征及业务提供能力,重点分析了MPLS技术,作为下一代宽带网络技术,它不但融合了IP与ATM的技术精髓,继承了ATM技术优点,更在业务提供能力方面,也更具优势.最后结合实例对MPLS技术在城域网应用中的优势做了例证.     

基于宽带综合业务数字网／ATM的航天测控网管理系统组成及性能研究

本文根据宽带综合业务数字网／ATM的特点、功能及发展前景，针对我国航天测控网的现状和未来测控任务的需求，提出了我国航天测控网管理系统的构成、管理模式等思想。这些对航天测控网管理系统的发展具有一定的参考价值。     

定向凝固涡轮叶片不同部位材料持久强度差异

为了研究定向凝固涡轮叶片因不同部位显微组织不同而引起的宏观持久强度的差异,根据典型涡轮叶片几何特征,设计了两类叶片模拟件(缘板、叶冠模拟件)和对比试件(标准平板试件),开展了持久试验及对比研究,试验结果表明:缘板、叶冠模拟件的持久寿命分别为对比试件持久寿命的94.22%和75.65%.这说明了定向凝固涡轮叶片不同部位的持久强度存在差异,这种差异需要在定向凝固涡轮叶片结构、寿命设计中加以考虑.研究结果对提高定向凝固涡轮叶片设计水平、改进定向凝固成形工艺具有重要意义.      

Aeronautical information and meteorological data-link services

Aeronautical Information and Meteorological Management is a key component of the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) global Air Traffic Management (ATM) operational concept. This global ATM concept is central to the Joint Planning and Development Office's (JPDO) Next Generation Air Transportation System (NGATS), and underlies Europe's Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) initiative. The availability of timely, accurate, and relevant aeronautical and meteorological information in the cockpit is critical for safe conduct of flight and forms the basis for Air Traffic Management (ATM) decision-making. The data-link of aeronautical and meteorological information will facilitate the creation of a common picture of the airspace situation for all flight crews, air traffic controllers, and airline operations personnel. Change notifications, timely warnings and alerts of threats to safe and efficient flight conduct will be enabled by these services. The ultimate goal is to provide access to on-line, real-time, quality information, and weather services to any aviation user, anytime, anywhere. In this framework, we present operational services and environment of the Aeronautical Information Management (AIM) and Meteorological (MET) data-link services envisaged to be implemented over the next decade in both Europe and the USA. It reflects concepts and system performance requirements currently developed by a joint EUROCAE (WG-76) / RTCA (SC-206) Committee. The envisaged AIM data-link services are presented: aeronautical updates both in textual and graphical fore, synchronization of aeronautical data between on-board and ground systems (exchange of permanent aeronautical data regardless of AIRAC cycles). The MET data-link services are also developed: weather planning, near-term, and reactive decision services.     

空中交通管理中的复杂性研究

 空中交通管理（ATM）领域不断更替的新概念与新技术对准确认识ATM底层结构及其运行机制提出了愈加多元的需求,其中复杂性研究作为基本问题之一,由于贯穿ATM的各个层面而成为认识系统涌现的重要线索。不断发展的复杂性科学更是从方法论上给予了ATM研究者理论支持,使得复杂性研究复兴成为欧美空管机构研究者的热点论题。针对ATM领域的复杂性研究尚未形成明晰体系之现状,本文尝试理清以往工作的范畴与框架,并重点介绍了关于动态密度、交通无序性、交通流扰动分析和空域复杂系统建模方面的理论成果,最后指出了该领域未来的研究趋势和尚待解决的关键问题。     

The future functionalities of the flight management system

The availability of new Communication, Navigation and Surveillance technologies provides the basis to move towards advanced Air Traffic Management (ATM) concepts. Some of these concepts will impact the airborne Flight Management System (FMS) by introducing new functions with different flight time horizons. In this discussion, two main flight time horizon are defined:The tactical flight time horizon is between 30s and 10mn ahead of the aircraft current position. Airborne separation from traffic, terrain and adverse weather will be introduced in this time horizon as a tactical function.The strategic flight time horizon is more than 10mn ahead of the aircraft current position. Weather datafusion, enroute inflight replanning assistance and air-ground trajectory negotiation will be introduced in this time horizon as strategic functions.The organisation of the associated future flight management system can be synthesised in the scheme (figure 1). The data to be displayed to the pilot for his flight awareness are functions of the flight phase, the type of airspace and of the type of situation encountered.Globally these data can be shared as functions of their flight time horizons, and their topic, as it is described in the table below. In the cells are indicated the flight objects that these data address.SEXTANT as a major avionics manufacturer is leading research and development activities in the area of ATM related airborne flight management functions. Their existing or expected findings are described in this article.     

Systematic methods for knowledge acquisition and expert systemdevelopment [for combat aircraft]

Nine cooperating rule-based systems, collectively called AUTOCREW which were designed to automate functions and decisions associated with a combat aircraft's subsystems, are discussed. The organization of tasks within each system is described; performance metrics were developed to evaluate the workload of each rule base and to assess the cooperation between the rule bases. Simulation and comparative workload results for two mission scenarios are given. The scenarios are inbound surface-to-air-missile attack on the aircraft and pilot incapacitation. The methodology used to develop the AUTOCREW knowledge bases is summarized. Issues involved in designing the navigation sensor selection expert in AUTOCREW's NAVIGATOR knowledge base are discussed in detail. The performance of seven navigation systems aiding a medium-accuracy inertial navigation system (INS) was investigated using Kalman filter covariance analyses. A navigation sensor management (NSM) expert system was formulated from covariance simulation data using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and the ID3 algorithm     

空管灾害诱因分析及监测指标体系的构建

从操作人、空管设备、空管环境和管理的角度对空管的致灾诱因进行了详细分析。按照科学性、实用性、关联性和可操作性的原则,筛选出一组监测指标,在考虑空管行业数据来源的情况下,提出了现阶段和理想情况下的监测指标体系,目的在于通过对空管安全状态进行监测和诊断,及时采取预警和预控对策,促进空管系统处于安全状态,降低事故率。     

航空发动机承力系统抗变形能力评估

针对航空发动机承力系统的结构和力学特征,基于安全性设计要求,建立了整机承力系统抗变形能力的评估方法,分别从结构固有抗变形能力、稳态载荷下的抗变形能力以及瞬态冲击载荷下的抗变形能力3方面提出了当量刚度、间隙匹配系数、冲击放大系数3个评估参数.以典型高涵道比涡扇发动机承力系统为对象进行了抗变形能力评估.结果表明:以截面的等效刚度和承力系统最大等效刚度的比值作为结构当量刚度,以稳态载荷下整机系统各个截面的最小间隙与 最大间隙的比值作为间隙匹配系数和以瞬态冲击载荷与各个支点及安装节上支反力的最大峰值载荷的比值作为冲击放大系数,这3个参数均能较好地反映出整机承力结构的危险位置和极限载荷下的响应特征.最终的评估结果可以为承力系统结构方案设计和优化提供参考.      

舰载机着舰侧向轨迹增量控制

针对舰载机着舰侧向控制难度较大的问题,借鉴美国海军的“魔毯”(MAGIC CARPET)着舰的先进理念,提出了 1种新的着舰控制方法,即侧向轨迹增量控制。首先,分别从理论上分析了侧向常规控制、侧向轨迹增量控制的控制结构和着舰性能;然后,对 HUD显示符号进行改进;最后,通过实时仿真,比较了这 2种方法的着舰控制效果。结果显示,着舰侧向轨迹增量控制具有 3个优点:1)简易,降低了飞行员的操纵频次和负担;2)直观,着舰侧向操纵更直观,侧向杆量与飞机侧偏修正速率成正比例,而且当横杆回中时飞机能自动跟踪跑道中心线的横向漂移;3)鲁棒,显著提高了对侧风和舰尾流的抑制能力,即使在飞行员不操纵的情况下,飞机也能迅速反应和抑制风干扰。因此,建议在着舰工程中采用侧向轨迹增量控制。     

航空发动机健康评估技术综述

健康评估技术是航空发动机健康管理的关键技术之一。详细阐述了航空发动机健康评估的研究内容,重点分析了发动机气路性能、结构以及机械系统健康评估的特点,并指出了开展航空发动机健康评估关键技术研究的重要性。     

EBAA：An efficient broadcast authentication scheme for ADS-B communication based on IBS-MR

Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast （ADS-B） systems can broadcast satellitebased aircraft position, identification, etc., periodically, and are now on track to replace radar to become the backbone of next-generation air traffic management （ATM） systems. However, ADS-B systems suffer severe cyber-security problems due to the broadcast-type data link and the lack of designed-in security measures. Especially, since ADS-B messages are unauthenticated, it is easy to insert fake aircraft into a system via spoofing or insertion of false messages. Unfortu- nately, the authentication for ADS-B messages has not yet been well studied. In this paper, based on identity-based signature with message recovery （IBS-MR）, an efficient broadcast authentication scheme for ADS-B messages is proposed. The security analysis demonstrates that the scheme can achieve authenticity and integrity of ADS-B broadcast messages, as well as adaptive evolution of broadcasters＇ private keys. The performance evaluation shows that the scheme is computationally efficient for typical avionics devices with limited resources. Furthermore, the scheme achieves low communication overhead since broadcast messages can be recovered from signatures, and thus it is suitable for low-bandwidth ADS-B data link.     

USME:统一SLAM度量与评测技术研究

同时定位与建图(SLAM)技术近年来得到迅速发展,但由于缺乏在统一框架下对算法的度量和比较,对SLAM的客观评估和应用造成障碍。提出了统一SLAM度量与评测(USME)框架,从指标体系、数据集及评测方法三个维度为各种SLAM方法的性能度量及比较研究提供基准。针对不同场景,建立了包括长时间运行漂移量,闭环检测能力,存在相机遮挡、光照变化和运动物体时SLAM方法的鲁棒性,以及多体协同性能等的综合性能指标体系。基于三维仿真平台,以指标体系为基准建立了合成数据序列及对应数据集,以对性能指标进行度量与评估。还建立了平均指标均值的数据处理与评测方法,以综合评价不同参数选择对方法性能的影响。通过典型SLAM方法验证了上述方法的可行性。