耐高温杂化有机硅树脂的合成及复合材料的高温力学性能

以一甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,甲醇为溶剂,通过溶胶—凝胶法制备出SiO2杂化有机硅树脂.借助傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)表征其高温结构变化,热失重分析(TG)研究SiO2杂化有基硅树脂的热稳定性和热降解机理.对TEOS改性甲基硅树脂/石英纤维复合材料在高温下的弯曲强度测试表明,TE...     

杂化聚酰亚胺的制备及其耐原子氧剥蚀性能

低地球轨道环境中的原子氧会剥蚀航天器表面材料,影响其性能和寿命,因此在使用时需要选用合适的手段来进行原子氧防护。采用溶胶-凝胶法,利用正硅酸乙酯在树脂体系中的水解-缩合反应,在基体中原位生成无机相而获得杂化聚酰亚胺。在原子氧效应地面模拟设备中,对杂化聚酰亚胺试样开展了性能评估试验,总结了试验前后试样的质量、表面形貌和表面成分的变化特点,并分析了材料耐剥蚀性能与正硅酸乙酯添加量的关系、杂化材料的耐剥蚀机理。结果表明,杂化聚酰亚胺的耐原子氧性能优于原树脂,其原子氧试验质量损失仅为原树脂的31。6% ~14。8%。分析认为,溶胶-凝胶过程中在树脂基体中生成的有机含硅结构和无机SiO₂,以及原子氧作用下杂化材料表面生成的SiO₂保护层,是杂化材料耐原子氧剥蚀性能提高的原因。     

激光重熔改性热障涂层抗CMAS腐蚀特性

采用激光对大气等离子喷涂7YSZ热障涂层进行表面重熔处理,探讨基体预热和Al₂O₃溶胶涂敷对激光重熔层裂纹愈合的影响,研究处理后热障涂层的耐CMAS熔盐腐蚀性能。结果表明:涂层经过激光重熔和基体预热后的激光重熔处理后,与未经重熔处理涂层的CMAS腐蚀厚度基本相同;而采用表面Al₂O₃溶胶涂敷加激光重熔的热障涂层的CMAS腐蚀厚度明显减小,表明Al₂O₃溶胶涂敷加激光重熔工艺可以有效地减轻CMAS熔盐侵蚀,其机理是表面形成的Al₂O₃薄膜溶于CMAS后生成了难熔晶体钙长石,降低了熔盐的流动性和腐蚀性。     

Sol-gel法制备CuSO4，Cu〈AC）2掺杂SnO2的气敏性能研究

以溶胶-凝胶法（Sol-gel）制备纳米SnO2及其不同比例的铜源掺杂物。采用热分析（TG-DTA），XRD等手段对其产物进行表征，利用静态配气法测试了掺杂产物的气敏性能。实验结果表明：采用Sol-gel法制备掺杂SnO2的气敏性能，同时受铜源和掺杂量的影响，且掺杂产物对乙醇不很敏感，但在150℃工作温度下对0．005％的H2S具有36367倍的高灵敏度。     

具有纳米结构的 VO₂ 相变薄膜

 采用无机溶胶-凝胶法制备VO₂相变薄膜，该薄膜相变时的电阻（率）突变可达4～5个数量级。并用XRD,DSC和TGA法研究了制膜过程中干凝胶膜的层状非晶纳米结构。通过适当的非晶晶化过程及随后V₂O₅→VO₂转变的真空热处理，可获得带有空洞（void）结构的低密度纳米薄膜，从而使电阻（率）突变特性异常优异。     

WO3基三甲胺气敏传感器的研制

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了WO3材料,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜等现代分析测试手段,分析了材料的微观结构,并以其为基材掺杂少量的Pd制成了检测鱼鲜度的三甲胺(TMA)气敏传感器.研究发现该传感器具有工作温度低,响应下限低,灵敏度高,选择性及稳定性好等特点.     

不锈钢表面溶胶-凝胶/微胶囊复合膜层的研究

介绍了用溶胶-凝胶/微胶囊的手段制备复合涂层的方法,具体讨论了将有机硅树脂以微胶囊的方式加入到氧化锆溶胶-凝胶中,并使微胶囊包封技术应用于表面复合膜层的制备.试验结果表明,制得的氧化锆溶胶-凝胶/微胶囊复合涂层具有良好的抗高温氧化性能和耐腐蚀性能.对其机理的分析认为,由于微胶囊在高温氧化过程中囊皮破裂,使得胶囊内的流体得以填平由于氧化锆膜层与基体膨胀系数不同而造成的裂纹.      

Investigation on a Sol-gel Coating Containing Inhibitors on 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy

For a long time, chromate incorporated conversion coatings have been drawn special attention in corrosion protection of air-craft-used aluminum alloys. However,ever-increasing environmental pressures requires that non-chromate conversion coatings be developed because of the detrimental carcinogenic effects of the chromate compounds. In recent years, the sol-gel coatings doped with inhibitors were developed to replace chromate conversion coatings, and showed real promise. A sol-gel coating was prepared and its anti-corrosion behavior was investigated using the potentiodynamic scanning (PDS) and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It is found that the sol-gel coating obtained by the hydrolysis and condensation of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) is prone to form defects if cured at the room temperature, whereas if cured at a higher temperature (100 ℃), these flaws can be avoided. Furthermore, it can be seen that addition of anti-foam agents and surfactants will reduce the faults if cured at the room temperature. Effects of the corrosion inhibitors, CeCl3 and mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), in the sol-gel coatings on 2024-T3 aluminum alloy were also investigated. Results show that the corrosion resistance of the sol-gel coatings containing CeCl3 proves to be better than that of the pure and MBT added sol-gel coatings by the electrochemical methods.     

Novel Synthesis of Sol-gel Derived Nanosized Mullite Powder

Using hydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl3·6H2O) and silicon ethoxide (Si (OC2H5)4) as raw materials, a kind of nano-sized mullite powder was synthesized with the sol-gel process at the medium calcination temperature. The microstructures of the alumina-silica binary aerogel and calcined nano-sized materials were investigated by means of thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results show that the mullitization of Al2O3-SiO2 in gel starts from about 1 000 ℃ and its formation of mullite takes place in the range of 1 100 ℃-1 250 ℃. The size of the nano-sized mullite pow-der calcined at 1 250 ℃ is measured to be about 30 nm.     

非水体系合成多种形貌氮化硅基纳米孔材料

分别以乙腈、氯仿和甲酰胺为溶剂,十八胺为模板剂,通过非氧化物溶胶-凝胶过程合成了多种形貌的氮化硅基纳米孔材料。利用X射线衍射(X-ray d iffraction,XRD)、透射电子显微镜(T ransm iss ion e lectronm icroscope,TEM)、N2吸附-脱附和电子能谱(Energy d ispers ive spectroscope,EDS)对样品进行了表征。XRD结果显示产物是层间距为4.7 nm和3.6 nm的层状相材料。TEM照片表明,在乙腈、氯仿和甲酰胺溶剂中分别得到花状、片状和核-环状形貌的氮化硅基材料。N2吸附-脱附分析表明,产物具有较高的比表面积和窄的孔径分布。EDS分析证明,产物含有S i,N,C,C l元素而不含有O元素。非水体系中表面活性剂自组装形成的介观相可以作为模板来指导具有特殊介观结构和形貌的纳米材料的合成。