Local Path Planning and Tracking Control of Vehicle Collision Avoidance System

Automotive collision avoidance technology can effectively avoid the accidents caused by dangerous traffic conditions or driver's manipulation errors.Moreover,it can promote the development of autonomous driving for intelligent vehicle in intelligent transportation.We present a collision avoidance system,which is composed of an evasive trajectory planner and a path following controller.Considering the stability of the vehicle in the conflict-free process,the evasive trajectory planner is designed by polynomial parametric method and optimized by genetic algorithm.The path following controller is proposed to make the car drive along the designed path by controlling the vehicle's lateral movement.Simulation results show that the vehicle with the proposed controller has good stability in the collision process,and it can ensure the vehicle driving in accordance with the planned trajectory at different speeds.The research results can provide a certain basis for the research and development of automotive collision avoidance technology.     

Al/Ni含能多层膜在Al2O3陶瓷/不锈钢焊接中的应用

采用磁控溅射设备,生长AuSn合金做焊料层、Al/Ni含能多层膜做热量提供层,实现了不锈钢和Al_2O_3间的异质材料自蔓延高温扩散焊。利用SEM、XRD和DSC等测试手段表征AuSn合金和Al/Ni含能多层膜的微观形貌、相成分和放热量;用万能试验机测试焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明,AuSn合金的质量比基本达到80∶20,而多层膜的层状结构清晰,反应热达到1 239 J/g。焊接实验结果表明,仅使用AuSn焊料时,剪切强度仅为46 MPa,在增加Al/Ni含能多层膜后,其剪切强度可达90 MPa,强度提高了约一倍。焊接接头的界面显微形貌和相结构研究表明,剪切强度的增强主要是Al/Ni多层膜提供了额外能量使得界面处的反应剧烈,陶瓷金属化层与中间层的反应加剧,形成了新的反应生成物。     

Ground experiments of Chang’e-5 lunar regolith penetrating radar

The Lunar Regolith Penetrating Radar (LRPR) is an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) array-based Ground penetrating radar (GPR) onboard the lander of Chang’e-5 (CE-5) mission. The primary scientific objectives of the LRPR are to probe the thickness and structure of lunar regolith of the landing site, and support the drilling and sampling process. In order to evaluate the performance of the LRPR, a series of ground experiments are performed using the LRPR prototype mounted on a CE-5 lander model. The performance of the LRPR is evaluated by comparing the experimental data with the simulated data. Data processing and imaging method are verified, and the interferences from the lander and other aspects are analyzed. The results of the ground experiments and simulation demonstrate that the LRPR is able to meet the design requirement of 2-m detection depth. They also indicate that the upper and lower interfaces of the stratified structure in the lunar regolith can be well distinguished by the LRPR when the dielectric constant difference is greater than 0.3, and the imaging effect of the location under the dense antennas is better than that of other positions. However, the identification capability of the LRPR to the independent blocky objects is relatively poor mainly due to the clutters caused by the lander, the sparsity of the antenna elements compared to the size of the basalt block, the limited aperture of the antenna array, and the tail of the transmitted waveform.     

高校计算机网络实验改革探讨

在对亲身教学经验总结的基础上,笔者考察了众多高校网络实验室建设,揭示了目前高校网络实验的现状,提出了"自主创新"网络实验的概念,并制订了实际方案,拟定了实验方向.通过对"自主创新"网络的实验,取得了比较满意的效果.     

摩擦作用下金属氧化反应的机理

某些金属在空气中摩擦时生成的润滑性氧化膜由于具有低摩擦系数、高耐磨性和自修复等特点越来越受到关注。摩擦过程中氧化膜的生成速度超过磨损速度是获得有效润滑的必要条件。摩擦氧化的动力学机制不同于热氧化，本文基于致密氧化膜的抛物线生长模型研究了摩擦状况下的氧化膜生长规律，使之尽早获得推广应用，具有广阔的市场前景     

关于矩阵的定义及其运算的新思路

在当前流行的线性代数教科书中，大都直接给出矩阵及其运算的抽象定义，并没有给出这些定义的实际背景和具体应用，使学生理解和接受起来有很大的困难。本文通过具体实例引出矩阵及其运算的概念，这不但使学生很自然地理解矩阵及其运算的定义，而且也加强了学生解决实际问题的能力。     

实时仿真中的逼真虚拟地球实现

针对虚拟现实中真实感不强的问题,提出了一种具有高精度地表纹理的虚拟地球实现方法,构建了一个地表纹理像素精度高达21 600像素×10 800像素、地球表面轮廓凹凸效果和大气层光晕效果的虚拟地球.采用几何计算来构建地球形状模型,将地球按经纬度分成128块,分别计算每块区域顶点坐标、法向量、纹理坐标;采用混合纹理技术对地表纹理、云层纹理及云层法向量图进行3层纹理混合实现地球表面的云层和轮廓凹凸效果;采用实时移动与放缩带大气层纹理的正方形面板来实现大气光晕效果;采用可见性判断和纹理精度管理的方法,实时判断地球表面区域的可见性、选择不同精度纹理粘贴、剔除不可见区域,减少绘制开销.实验显示,该方法在加载1.02 GB纹理像素的情况下,达到了45帧/s的帧速率.      

应用于陶瓷试件的胶粘剂粘贴强度研究

陶瓷试验件在800℃以上快速升温过程中,对粘贴温度传感器的胶粘剂剥离试件现象进行研究。首先从接触角入手,阐述试验用高温胶粘剂在陶瓷试件表面进行粘贴的前提条件是胶粘剂与被粘贴物表面的接触角θ范围为0°≤θ90°;对实际中陶瓷试件表面的粗糙化处理影响胶粘剂粘贴强度进行了理论和试验分析,说明对试件表面适当粗糙化处理提高了粘贴强度并减小了接触角;最后对高温胶粘剂在高温固化过程中的加压工艺改进进行说明,并进行了试验,试验结果表明工艺改进改善了试验过程中的胶粘剂剥离问题。     

一种改进的UAV三维航迹实时规划算法

航迹规划对于战场环境中无人机完成其作战任务具有非常重要的意义.针对真实战场环境中低空无人机的三维航迹实时规划问题,构建了一个更加真实的战场威胁精简模型;提出遗传个体的基因优劣对比度,改进一种共享小生境遗传算法中编码基因的遗传特性.经过改进,增大优化基因的遗传概率,实现提高小生境遗传算法的全局优化能力和收敛速度,增强航迹规划的实时性.对三维数字地形空间进行定长网格编码,将改进的小生境遗传算法应用于三维虚拟战场环境中的无人机航迹规划,实验验证了改进算法的有效性,并能满足在线航迹规划的实时性要求.     

基于经验的抓取姿态构造及数据手套校正

针对数据手套校正过程中真实人手姿态获取困难、校正模型简单的问题,提出一种基于真实抓取经验的校正数据库构造方法.该算法根据人手生理结构和手套传感器布局建立具有更高运动逼真度的虚拟手运动学模型,实现更为灵活的拇指运动和软手掌效果;在不需要任何外部硬件设备的情况下,将真实抓取经验与最优化理论结合,寻找针对给定三维物体及操作任务的最优抓取姿态,从而构造真实人手姿态数据库;利用最小二乘拟合和闭环迭代算法获得精确的数据手套传感器输出模型.实验结果表明:所提出的姿态构造方法能有效提高数据手套校正效率,且操作过程简单,易于实现自动化校正,适合实际工程应用.