一种航空发动机多变量自抗扰解耦控制律设计

研究了航空发动机多变量解耦控制律设计问题。提出了一种用于航空发动机多回路控制的多变量自抗扰解耦控制算法:首先通过静态解耦算法实现多变量耦合系统的静态解耦,而后通过ADRC非线性扩张观测器的补偿控制实现各回路的动态解耦,最终实现复杂多变量耦合系统的解耦控制。以某涡扇发动机非线性部件级实时数学模型为被控对象,基于上述多变量自抗扰解耦控制算法设计了发动机中间状态以上多变量控制律。在全包线内,与基于增广LQR控制方法设计发动机闭环系统,进行了对比研究。数字仿真结果表明,前者使得发动机闭环系统具有更好的指令跟踪和多回路解耦能力。     

冲击载荷下单螺栓连接结构力学行为试验与仿真研究

基于霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar,SHPB)装置,对发动机结构设计中广泛使用的螺栓连接结构开展了冲击试验,研究了冲击载荷作用下单螺栓结构的承载能力、损伤模式和失效机理,掌握了冲击速度、预紧力、装配间隙的影响规律.在瞬态显式动力学软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA中,对单螺栓连接结构...     

涡轮级燃气入侵的理论分析及数值模拟

为了分析航空发动机涡轮级中的燃气入侵现象,提出一种研究封严间隙处流动规律的理论方法,并采用全环模型进行了数值模拟。在该理论方法中,动盘旋转、封严冷气、外环主流对流动的影响用三个特征速度来表征;它们的相互作用用速度比来描述。数值模拟结果表明:随着速度比的变化,封严间隙处呈现燃气沿静盘入侵、燃气基本不入侵以及燃气沿动盘入侵等三种流动形式。利用速度比的影响规律,可初步判断封严间隙处的燃气入侵情况以及最小封严冷气流量。     

基于平滑切换策略的航空发动机转速调节控制设计

针对航空发动机控制系统,为了提高模型的精度以及解决切换控制带来的控制信号突变问题,建立了一种基于平衡流形展开模型(EME)和线性化模型的切换模型,并提出一种基于模糊控制和智能算法的平滑切换控制策略.首先,考虑到平衡流形展开模型的辨识误差使稳态精度有所下降,而线性化模型具有很好的稳态精度,结合平衡流形展开模型和线性化模型...     

Design and development of a five-axis machine tool with high accuracy,stiffness and efficiency for aero-engine casing manufacturing

In order to satisfy the machining requirements of aero-engine casing in modern aviation industry, this paper investigates three main issues during the design and development process of a five-axis machine tool with high accuracy, stiffness and efficiency, including whole structure design,key components design, and supporting stiffness design. First, an appropriate structure of five-axis machine tool is determined considering the processing characteristics of aero-engine casing. Then, a dual driv...     

Airside pressure drop characteristics of three analogous serpentine tube heat exchangers considering heat transfer for aero-engine cooling

This study explores the design, analysis, and air pressure drop assessment of three analogous air–fuel heat exchangers consisting of thin serpentine tube bundles intended for use in high Mach number aero-engines. In high speed flight, the compressor bleed air used to cool high temperature turbine blades and other hot components is too hot. Hence, aviation kerosene is applied to precool the compressor bleed air by means of novel air–fuel heat exchangers. Three light and compact heat exchangers including dozens of in-line thin serpentine tube bundles were designed and manufactured, with little difference existing in aspects of tube pitches and outer diameters among three heat exchangers. The fuel flows inside a series of parallel stainless serpentine tubes (outer diameter: 2.2, 1.8, 1.4 mm with 0.2 mm thickness), while the air externally flows normal to tube bundles and countercurrent with fuel. Experimental studies were carried out to investigate the airside pressure drop characteristics on isothermal states with the variation of air mass flow rates and inlet temperatures. Non-isothermal measurements have also been performed to research the effect of heat transfer on pressure drops. The experimental results show that inlet temperatures have significant influence on pressure drops, and higher temperatures lead to higher pressure drops at the same mass flow rate. The hydraulic resistance coefficient decreases quickly with Reynolds number, and the descent rate slows down when Re > 6000 for all three heat exchangers. Additionally, the pressure drop on heat transfer states is less than that on isothermal states for the same average temperatures. Moreover, the pressure drop through heat exchangers is greatly affected by attack angles and transverse pitches, and an asymmetric M-shaped velocity profile is generated in the cross-section of sector channels.     

高压涡轮工作叶片内部流场特性试验研究

为研究变工况特性下涡轮叶片内部通道流场特性，选取高压涡轮二级工作叶片内部通道作为研究对象，在5种不同的进口雷诺数（Re）工况下，利用TRPIV（时序PIV）技术对通道内的流场特性进行了试验研究。Re变化为32426～64700，模拟了飞行循环过程中的若干典型工况。在先进加工技术的辅助下，保留了真实叶型约束下的完整内冷三通道带肋结构，捕捉到一些不同于常规截面两通道模型等简化模型中的流动现象，包括：弯头区域不对称主流分离结构和非对称二次涡系。通过数据分析，明确了高、低雷诺数下流动特性的差异。在高Re工况条件下，弯头出口附近的冲击区域增大；对于第一通道内的二次流，在接近弯头位置处，横向速度分量会导致纵向涡对的强度被削弱，高Re工况下拥有更加剧烈的影响，极有可能削弱吸力面的换热强度。     

Heat transfer characteristics in a narrow confined channel with discrete impingement cooling

Heat transfer characteristics in a narrow confined channel with discrete impingement cooling were investigated using thermal infrared camera. Detailed heat transfer distributions and comparisons on three surfaces with three impact diameters were experimentally studied in the range of Reynolds number of 3000 to 30000. The experimental results indicated that the strong impingement jet leaded to a high strength heat transfer zone in the ΔX=±2.5D_j range of the impact center,which was 1.3–...     

航空发动机典型材料超高周疲劳试验技术研究综述

航空发动机作为飞行器最关键、最核心的部位，长期服役于高温、高载等极端环境，疲劳失效是导致发动机结构破坏的主要原因之一。随着工业的发展，发动机材料的超高周疲劳问题日益凸显。本文总结了发动机典型材料超高周疲劳关注领域的研究现状，对当前超高周疲劳试验技术的应用情况进行了阐述，包括超高周轴向振动疲劳、弯曲振动疲劳、扭转振动疲劳、复合振动疲劳等试验加载技术以及温度控制技术、损伤监测技术，并对我国航空发动机典型材料超高周疲劳试验技术的发展做出展望。     

基于推广疲劳-蠕变等效转换理论的高温条件载荷谱编制方法

针对现有载荷处理方法对高温条件下保载时间内损伤的忽略或考虑不足问题，对疲劳-蠕变转换理论进行了推广，给出普适的转换模型建立流程，以此修正雨流计数中的等值点压缩、小幅值剔除等数据压缩步骤，从而获得了能够量化全工况保载损伤的高温条件载荷谱编制方法。在航空发动机高压涡轮盘上的应用表明：本方法考虑了全工况等值及小幅值载荷贡献的疲劳-蠕变耦合损伤，其相当于纯疲劳循环（传统雨流法）的298.25%，比常规转换方法多236.91%；寿命预测误差为8.35%，较常规转换方法降低了95%，仅为传统雨流法的2.5%，证明了优化的高温条件载荷谱编制方法的应用价值。