基于双判定准则的航空发动机叶片缺陷孔洞的边界提取

航空发动机叶片缺陷孔洞的几何形状复杂、位置分布散乱且曲率变化明显,使用单一判定准则难以完整地提取其边界特征点。为实现叶片缺陷孔洞边界的精准提取和孔洞边界线的平滑拟合,提出了一种基于双判定准则的航空发动机叶片缺陷孔洞边界特征点的提取算法。该算法采用K–Dimension tree(K–D树)建立点云的空间拓扑结构,以采样点及其K邻域点为参考依据构建拟合平面,将采样点的空间坐标转化为平面坐标。通过融合采样点的法向夹角判定准则与邻域场力矢量和判定准则,采用加权的方式获得采样点的特征值与判别阈值作为边界特征点的判定依据。通过两组试验验证了该算法的有效性和准确性,试验结果表明,该方法可有效提取复杂缺陷孔洞模型的边界特征点。     

涡轮叶片综合冷却效率实验研究

为了研究气冷涡轮叶片综合冷却效率及其影响因素,采用红外热像仪对叶片表面温度场进行了测量,同时在叶片中截面布置了15支热电偶用于校准红外热像仪的测量结果,获得了叶片表面温度场分布以及流量比、温比和落压比对叶片综合冷却效率的影响规律。实验结果表明：叶片温度场分布受内部冷却和外表面换热共同影响,叶片前缘与叶尖处于较高温度状态;在实验工况内,增加流量比可以有效提高叶片综合冷却效率,流量比从0.02增加到0.07时,平均综合冷却效率从0.426升高到0.645,提高了51.4%;温比对综合冷却效率影响不明显,但大温比可以降低叶片温度;落压比从1.3增加到1.5时,平均综合冷却效率由0.524上升至0.565,升高了7.8%。     

一种新型结构非本征光纤F-P传感器全应变测量性能研究

光纤传感器作为一种新的测量信息传输方式,在航空发动机部件材料高温测量领域具有重要的应用价值。基于多光束干涉原理,制作一种新型结构的非本征光纤 Fabry-Perot（F-P）传感器,探索其在航空发动机部件材料室温/高温环境静力拉伸试验过程中的变形测量性能。采用平板和圆棒两种形状的试样,在不同表面粗糙度和两种加载速率下,分别对比高级视频引伸计（AVE）进行室温、高温环境下静力拉伸试验。结果表明：新型结构的非本征光纤 F-P 传感器具有测量范围大,测量精度高,测量结果不受外界因素影响等优势,可实现航空发动机部件材料的超量程全应变测量;此外,在测量精度和设备体积方面明显优于 AVE。     

Effects of pressure oscillation on aerodynamic characteristics in an aero-engine combustor

The effects of pressure oscillation on aerodynamic characteristics in an aero-engine combustor are investigated. A combustor test rig is designed to simulate the pressure drop characteristics of a practical annular combustor. The pressure drop characteristics are firstly measured under atmosphere condition with non-reacting flow (or cold flow), and the air mass flow proportion of each component (dome/liner) are obtained; these properties are base lines for comparison with combustion state. The combustion tests are then carried out under conditions of inlet temperature 340–450 K, fuel air ratio 0.010–0.028. The stability map and the oscillation frequencies are obtained in the tests, the results show that pressure oscillation amplitude increases with the increase of fuel air ratio. Phase trajectory reconstruction is applied to classify the pressure oscillation motion; there are three motions captured in the tests including: “disk”, “ring” and “cluster”. The pressure drops across the dome under strong pressure oscillation are distinctly divergent from the cold flow, and the changes of pressure drops are mainly affected by pressure oscillation amplitude, but is less influenced by pressure oscillation motion nor oscillation frequencies. Based on the mass flow conservation, the reduction of effective flow area of combustor under strong pressure oscillation is demonstrated. Liner wall temperatures are analyzed through Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method to estimate the reduction of the air mass flow proportion of the liner cooling under strong pressure oscillation. Finally, the air mass flow proportions of each component under strong pressure oscillation are estimated, the results show that the pressure oscillation motion also has influence on air mass flow proportion.     

Electrochemical trepanning with an auxiliary electrode

Electrochemical trepanning (ET) is one of the main methods for processing the blisks in aero-engines. However, stray corrosion in ET has a very negative impact on the machining quality of the blades. This paper proposes an innovative ET method with an auxiliary electrode surrounding the inner wall of the cavity above the cathode. Two-dimensional electric-field models are established and simulations are carried out with the auxiliary electrode at different positions and different electric potentials. The electric-field simulations show that adding the auxiliary electrode reverses the directions of the current lines in the processed area, thereby protecting it. The results show that when the distance from the bottom of the auxiliary electrode to the top of the cathode tool is 3 mm and the potential difference between the auxiliary electrode and the anode workpiece is 5 V, the area corroded by stray current is decreased. Experiments are performed under the parameter values determined by the simulations, and they confirm that this method is effective at reducing stray corrosion. Specifically, at a feed rate of 2.5 mm/min, the blade taper angle is decreased from 1.37° to −0.09°, the thickness of the leading and trailing edges is increased from 0.307 mm to 0.704 mm, and the average surface roughness is decreased from S_a =8.239 μm to S_a=7.028 μm.     

带套齿连接结构的转子系统振动稳定性实验研究

为了研究带套齿连接结构的转子系统振动稳定性,推导了套齿连接结构的内摩擦力表达式,由此求解了转子系统振动失稳的条件.设计并搭建了带柔性和刚性两种不同套齿连接结构的实验转子系统.实验研究了带不同套齿连接结构的转子系统振动的稳定性.实验发现,带柔性套齿连接结构的转子系统易于发生由内、外套齿齿面间内摩擦所引起的振动失稳.失稳的...     

一种民航发动机滚动轴承故障预警方法

为了提前感知滚动轴承故障,避免民用航空发动机非计划维护带来的损失,提出了一种故障预警方法.对轴承振动信号进行特征工程,提取其时域和频域特征,引入梯度提升决策树(Gradient boosting decision tree,GBDT)算法,量化了特征重要度;在特征相关性分析的基础上,利用核主成分分析(Kernel pr...     

航空发动机高低压转子间碰摩故障特征提取

针对变分模态分解(VMD)需要人为确定输入参数的问题,提出了一种参数自适应VMD(APVMD)方法,其通过粒子群(PSO)算法优化VMD的输入参数.使用APVMD结合切片谱的方法,对双转子航空发动机振动正常和异常状态下的实测弹性支承应变信号进行分析.分析结果表明,APVMD方法可以自适应地实现对实测弹性支承应变信号的分...     

基于灰色关联分析的航空发动机气路部件故障诊断

为了改善对航空发动机气路部件故障诊断能力,提出了一种基于灰色关联分析的两层诊断方法。该方法首先利用粒子群算法优化各蜕化程度下灰色关联加权指数,构建标准故障序列,利用灰色关联分析进行第一层定性诊断,再优选故障模式利用灰色斜率关联分析方法进行二次诊断,得到了气路部件故障诊断结果。仿真表明,改进二次灰色关联分析诊断方法比单层诊断方法结构更简单,计算量小,更适合于较多传感器的发动机诊断系统,比经验灰色关联分析方法诊断精度更高。     

轴承腔内壁油膜运动特性的数值研究

为了获得航空发动机轴承腔内壁油膜运动特性,对油滴在轴承腔内运动、油滴/壁面相互作用及油膜的流动进行研究,建立了一套完整的数学计算模型,利用Star-CD商业软件对油膜的运动进行非稳态数值计算,在验证计算模型合理性的基础上,对不同主轴转速下轴承腔两相流动的运动特性进行研究。研究表明:油膜在轴承腔壁面经历从形成到基本稳定的过程。在油膜流动稳定的状态下,随转速的增加,壁面油膜厚度呈减小趋势,而壁面油膜速度却呈增加趋势,油滴撞击油膜动量随转速的增强是主要因素。此外,空气对油膜的剪切作用对油膜流动的加速产生积极作用,且转速越高越显著。