颈动脉内血流动力学特征受向前加速度影响的数值模拟

人们在日常或某些特殊条件下常会面临方向和大小发生迅速变化的加速度环境,已有研究发现加速度环境会影响心血管系统生理、病理特征。利用计算机模拟方法详细研究了向前加速度环境下人体颈动脉内的血流动力学参数变化规律。结果表明:加速度会对颈动脉内压力、压力梯度、壁面剪切应力等与血管生理、病理现象密切相关的血流动力学参数产生显著影响。研究结果为加速度环境下颈动脉生理、病理研究提供了一定的理论依据,也为航空航天领域加速度环境下人员防护提供参考。      

气压变化对光纤陀螺仪零偏稳定性 的影响及抑制方法研究

光纤陀螺仪可用于测量载体相对惯性空间的角运动, 是光纤惯导系统的核 心部件。因此,要求光纤陀螺仪具有较高的精度和良好的环境适应性。光纤环是光纤陀 螺仪的角速度敏感部件,光纤环受到环境因素影响,将导致光纤陀螺仪精度下降,因此 需要对光纤环采取适当的保护措施。分析了气压变化导致光纤陀螺仪零偏稳定性变差的 机理： 环境气压的急剧变化, 会使光纤环上产生附加应力, 造成光纤的折射率分布不 均,导致光路产生非互易性相位差,使光纤陀螺仪零偏产生漂移,零偏稳定性变差;并 提出了对光纤陀螺仪进行密封的措施来抑制该效应。经试验验证,采用此密封设计后, 光纤陀螺仪在变气压环境中的零偏稳定性改善了近10 倍。     

The adjusted optical properties for Galileo/BeiDou-2/QZS-1 satellites and initial results on BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites

Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) is the dominant non-gravitational perturbation for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellites. In the absence of precise surface models, the Empirical CODE Orbit Models (ECOM, ECOM2) are widely used in GNSS satellite orbit determination. Based on previous studies, the use of an a priori box-wing model enhances the ECOM model, especially if the spacecraft is a stretched body satellite. However, so far not all the GNSS system providers have published their metadata. To ensure a precise use of the a priori box-wing model, we estimate the optical parameters of all the Galileo, BeiDou-2, and QZS-1 (Quasi Zenith Satellite System) satellites based on the physical processes from SRP to acceleration. Validation using orbit prediction proves that the adjusted parameters of Galileo and QZS-1 satellites exhibit almost the same performance as the corresponding published and “best guess” values. Whereas, the estimated parameters of BeiDou-2 satellites demonstrate an improvement of more than 60% over the initial “guess” values. The resulting optical parameters of all the satellites are introduced into an a priori box-wing model, which is jointly used with ECOM and ECOM2 model in the orbit determination. Results show that the pure ECOM2 model exhibits better performance than the pure ECOM model for Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. Combined with the a priori box-wing model the ECOM model (ECOM+BW) results in the best Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. The standard deviation (STD) of satellite laser ranging residuals reduce by about 20% and 5% with respect to the pure ECOM2 model for Galileo and BeiDou-2 GEO orbits, while the reductions are about 40% and 60% for QZS-1 orbits in yaw-steering and orbit-normal mode respectively. BeiDou-2 IGSO and MEO satellite orbits do not benefit much from the a priori box-wing model. In summary, we suggest setting up a unified SRP model of ECOM+BW for Galileo, QZS-1, and BeiDou-2 orbits based on the adjusted metadata. In addition, we estimate the optical parameters of BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites using a limited number of tracking stations. Results regarding the unified SRP model indicate the same advantages, the STD of satellite laser ranging residuals reduces by about 30% and 20% for QZS-2 and BeiDou-3e orbits respectively over orbit products without a priori model. The estimation procedure is effective and easy to apply to the new emerging satellites in the future.     

小型磁偏转质谱计性能实验研究

自主研发了小型磁偏转质谱计，并对其质量范围、分辨本领、灵敏度和最小可检分压力四个主要性能指标进行了实验测试和比对。结果表明，该质谱计的质量范围为（1~143）amu，相对N₂的分辨本领为1400，灵敏度为4.2×10^-5 A/Pa，最小可检分压力为9.5×10^-7 Pa。该测试和比对结果为磁偏转质谱计进一步的优化设计和性能提高奠定了重要基础。     

An empirical solar radiation pressure model for satellites moving in the orbit-normal mode

We present a family of empirical solar radiation pressure (SRP) models suited for satellites orbiting the Earth in the orbit normal (ON) mode. The proposed ECOM-TB model describes the SRP accelerations in the so-called terminator coordinate system. The choice of the coordinate system and the SRP parametrization is based on theoretical assumptions and on simulation results with a QZS-1-like box-wing model, where the SRP accelerations acting on the solar panels and on the box are assessed separately. The new SRP model takes into account that in ON-mode the incident angle of the solar radiation on the solar panels is not constant like in the yaw-steering (YS) attitude mode. It depends on the elevation angle of the Sun above the satellite’s orbital plane. The resulting SRP vector acts, therefore, not only in the Sun-satellite direction, but has also a component normal to it. Both components are changing as a function of the incident angle. ECOM-TB has been used for precise orbit determination (POD) for QZS-1 and BeiDou2 (BDS2) satellites in medium (MEO) and inclined geosynchronous Earth orbits (IGSO) based on IGS MGEX data from 2014 and 2015. The resulting orbits have been validated with SLR, long-arc orbit fits, orbit misclosures, and by the satellite clock corrections based on the orbits. The validation results confirm that—compared to ECOM2—ECOM-TB significantly (factor 3–4) improves the POD of QZS-1 in ON-mode for orbits with different arc lengths (one, three, and five days). Moderate orbit improvements are achieved for BDS2 MEO satellites—especially if ECOM-TB is supported by pseudo-stochastic pulses (the model is then called ECOM-TBP). For BDS2 IGSOs, ECOM-TB with its 9 SRP parameters appears to be over-parameterized. For use with BDS2 IGSO spacecraft we therefore developed a minimized model version called ECOM-TBMP, which is based on the same axis decomposition as ECOM-TB, but has only 2 SRP parameters and is supported by pseudo-stochastic parameters, as well. This model shows a similar performance as ECOM-TB with short arcs, but an improved performance with (3-day) long-arcs. The new SRP models have been activated in CODE’s IGS MGEX solution in Summer 2018. Like the other ECOM models the ECOM-TB derivatives might be used together with an a priori model.     

静压气浮轴承工程设计方法研究

静压气浮轴承是惯性器件测试平台回转支撑轴系的关键部件，其承载能力和回转精度对惯性器件测试的准确性有着重要的影响，目前，静压气浮轴承设计、计算过程复杂，为提高设计效率，简化设计方法，在满足静压气浮轴承性能的条件下，推导了静压气浮轴承工程计算公式，在此基础上，设计了一款双向止推空气轴承，确定了几何参数，计算了空气静压径向轴承、空气静压止推轴承的轴承承载力、刚度、耗气量及摩擦力矩，并与有限元仿真结果进行了对比分析，验证了该设计方法的有效性。     

Application of a modified generalized sail model on a solar sail with wrinkles

In this paper, we present an analysis of effect of wrinkles on the solar sail performance. We describe different analytical, semi-analytical and numerical approaches to the calculation of general large-scale curvature of a solar sail as well as parameters of so-called wrinkled domains, and introduce the impact of such wrinkles on the thrust and torque of the solar sail. Finally, we present a model of an optically-orthotropic surface for such non-ideal sail, providing a connection with the Generalized Sail Model, and other solar sail thrust models.     

航空涡扇发动机起动热悬挂故障诊断

为了完善某型航空涡扇发动机起动性能设计,通过分析发动机的起动控制逻辑和热悬挂控制逻辑,确定了起动热悬挂故障的原因。起动热悬挂分为排气温度 T6上升率过高故障和压气机出口压力 P31上升率过低故障 2种模式,故障原因分别为初始供油量偏多和起动过程 P31波动,针对故障原因制定了解决措施:初始点火供油量设定值下调,提高 P31传感器小压力段的测量精度,并优化 P31斜率异常故障判故逻辑。上述解决措施不仅解决了起动热悬挂问题,更进一步增强了产品设计与生产的兼容性,提高了发动机的起动性能和起动成功率。     

航空发动机全飞行包线稳态划分方法研究

航空发动机在鲁棒控制器设计过程中存在飞行包线区域难以系统划分的问题,为此,提出基于推力耗油率特性和基于动压耗油率特性的航空发动机飞行包线划分法。根据某型涡扇发动机在全包线范围内稳态工作时的推力、耗油率及动压特性,结合大气条件的客观规律,通过两种划分方法将飞行包线划分为65 个区域,用每个区域对应标称点的参数代替其周围小偏差区域和边界点参数。通过对该发动机全包线内各区域标称点与边界点参数的对比,证明两种方法均对全飞行包线划分有效,可为后续航空发动机控制器设计提供理论基础。     

竖直圆管内浮升力对超临界碳氢燃料裂解传热传质特性的影响

为了探究再生冷却过程中,浮升力对竖直圆管内超临界碳氢燃料裂解传热传质特性的影响,基于详细裂解反应动力学模型,建立了同时考虑碳氢燃料流动传热和裂解吸热的耦合算法,在此基础上对竖直管道内,浮升力对超临界RP-3的流动、传热和裂解反应的影响展开了数值研究。计算结果表明：与不考虑浮升力的情况相比,在浮升力影响显著的条件下,浮升力增强了向下流动的碳氢燃料壁面处与中心流区域的传热传质过程,燃料温度和裂解率的径向分布更加均匀,燃料吸热能力增强,换热系数上升,同时可以有效地抑制管道壁面上结焦的生成;而对于向上流动的流体,浮升力不利于壁面处与中心流区域的传热传质,导致冷却通道内碳氢燃料温度和裂解率径向分布的不均匀性增强,燃料吸热能力降低,换热系数下降,同时增加了管道壁面上的结焦量;同时,为了更好地理解浮升力的影响,本文还对不同壁面热流密度下向上和向下冷却通道内超临界碳氢燃料的裂解传热特性进行了分析;判别式Bo^*<6.0×10^-7不能准确地预测竖直管道内浮升力对超临界碳氢燃料裂解换热的影响。