GPS-IR技术用于河水面测高实验分析

河流、水库、湖泊的水位监测直接为水利、水运、防洪、防涝提供具有单独使用价值的资料，对人们的生产生活具有重要的意义。GPS-IR测高技术的出现为水位监测提供了新的手段。首先介绍了基于SNR观测值的GPS-IR水面测高技术的基本原理。在西安灞河悬挑平台上使用3组不同的仪器进行GPS-IR测高实验，以水位计结果为基准分析了测高精度，并探究了频段、高度角区间、扼流圈天线对GPS-IR水面测高精度的影响。得到了最佳RMS结果为1.04cm的精度，指出目前L1频段的信噪比更适合测高反演，而GPS现代化后L2频段进行测高则是更好的选择。给出了高度角区间选取的准则，证实扼流圈天线对GPS-IR技术影响不大。实验结果表明，可利用已有的GPS变形监测站，基于GPS-IR技术选取最优的参数配置监测河流、水库、湖泊的水位变化。     

电化学氧化技术在印染废水处理中的应用

电化学氧化技术因其具有高度灵活性、易于控制、污染少等特点倍受研究者的重视。采用电化学氧化技术处理酸性红4B染料废水，考查溶液pH值、电流密度、电解时间和外加电解质对处理效果的影响。采用该方法处理实际印染废水，废水脱色率完全符合有关排放要求。     

适应高压燃烧的HTPB/AP/Al推进剂用钙盐降速剂研究

研究了碳酸钙(CaCO_3)和一种自制钙盐(CaOr)对HTPB/AP/Al推进剂燃烧性能和常温力学性能的影响,采用DSC-TG和SEM方法对比研究了CaOr、CaCO_3对AP热分解的影响,及含两种化合物的推进剂熄火表面形貌。结果表明,在3~17 MPa压强范围内,CaCO_3和CaOr均能有效降低HTPB/AP/Al推进剂的燃速和压强指数,CaOr比CaCO_3具有更好的燃速抑制效果,在高压段内的压强指数可降为0.17,达到平台推进剂水平。CaOr的加入使AP两个阶段的分解放热峰均向高温方向移动,CaCO_3对AP的低温分解峰没有影响,使AP的高温分解峰推迟。CaOr的降速效果优于CaCO_3的主要原因是其推迟了AP的低温分解峰,同时改变了AP的热分解历程,且在凝聚相中的分散性更好。     

Water surface temperature estimation from Landsat 7 ETM+ thermal infrared data using the generalized single-channel method: Case study of Embalse del Río Tercero (Córdoba,Argentina)

Monitoring of warm distribution in water is fundamental to understand the performance and functioning of reservoirs and lakes. Surface water temperature is a key parameter in the physics of aquatic systems processes since it is closely related to the energy fluxes through the water–atmosphere interface. Remote sensing applied to water quality studies in inland waterbodies is a powerful tool that can provide additional information difficult to achieve by other means. The combination of good real-time coverage, spatial resolution and free availability of data makes Landsat system a proper alternative. Many papers have developed algorithms to retrieve surface temperature (principally, land surface temperature) from at-sensor and surface emissivity data. The aim of this study is to apply the single-channel generalized method (SCGM) developed by Jiménez-Muñoz and Sobrino (2003) for the estimation of water surface temperature from Landsat 7 ETM+ thermal bands. We consider a constant water emissivity value (0.9885) and we compare the results with radiative transfer classic method (RTM).     

生物膜法在微污染水源水预处理中的应用

微污染水源水的传统净水工艺对有机物的去除率较低，若采用生物膜法去除微污染水源水中的溶解态有机物，既比常规净水工艺效果好又经济有效，具有一定的优势和发展前景。     

On uncertainties in carbon flux modelling and remotely sensed data assimilation: The Brasschaat pixel case

Uncertainty on carbon fluxes is determined by the uncertainties of ecosystem model structure, data and model parameter uncertainties and the temporal and spatial inaccuracy of the input data retrieval. The objective of this paper is to understand the error propagation and uncertainty of evaporative fraction (EF), soil moisture content (SMC) and water limited net ecosystem productivity (NEP). In this respect, C-Fix and spaceborne remote sensing are used for the ‘Brasschaat’ pixel. A simple model based on error theory and a Monte-Carlo approach are used. Different error scenarios are implemented to assess input uncertainty on EF, SMC and NEP as estimated with C-Fix.     

冷却水系统的运行管理与清洗

对制冷、空调中的冷却水循环系统在实际运行中经常出现的故障进行了针对性分析，提出了运行管理应注意的技术问题。对冷却水系统的清洗提出了具体的方案，从洗涤剂的浓度、杀菌灭藻剂和缓蚀剂的用量到中和钝化药剂的用量都给出了具体的量，为冷却水系统的正常运行提供了有力的技术支持。     

铝盐絮凝剂复配含磁絮体形成的最佳参数及性能研究

本文系统研究了铝盐及有机高分子絮凝剂与磁粉在高浊度原水中复合投加的絮凝效果和含磁絮体形成的最佳参数，并通过比较处理效果，出水沉降时间和含磁絮体的显微结构，验证了本絮凝方法处理高浊度原水效果更好，停留时间更短的预估，且絮体含磁易分离，为管式絮凝器采用磁絮凝和高梯度磁分离工艺提供了参数依据和高效絮凝分离一体化、管道化的可行性证明。     

Ground-based millimeter-wave observations of water vapor emission (183 GHz) at Atacama,Chile

We report the first results of ground-based millimeter-wave measurements of 183 GHz atmospheric water vapor spectra from Atacama highland (4800 m alt.), Chile. The measurements were carried out in December 2005 by using a spectroscopic radiometer equipped with a superconductive heterodyne receiver. A conspicuous H₂O spectrum at 183 GHz was detected with an integration time of only 1.5 min, and this is the first high frequency-resolution H₂O spectrum at 183 GHz obtained in the southern subtropical region. The vertical profile of H₂O volume mixing ratio between 40 and 64 km were retrieved from the spectrum by using the modified optimal estimation method.