小波与BP神经网络联合反演GNSS IR高精度水库水位变化

GNSS-IR技术作为一种近地表遥感的新兴手段，在水库水位监测方面凭借其成本低、精度高等优势成为了研究热点。为了提高GNSS-IR技术反演水库水位变化的精度，提出了利用GPS、BDS双系统观测量基于小波分解与BP神经网络联合的方法反演水库水位变化。选取位于南水北调山东境内双王城水库GNSS变形观测站2017年10月1日—12月26日共87天的信噪比(SNR）数据为研究对象，分别利用小波分解和二阶多项式拟合两种方法消除其趋势项并生成SNR残差序列，然后进行Lomb-Scargle谱分析得到水库水位高度变化值，并与实测水位结果相比较。结果表明：各频段SNR利用小波分解和二阶多项式反演水位变化的平均均方根误差分别为0.1062m和 0.2245m，说明小波分解去趋势项的方法更优。最后，在小波分解去趋势项的基础上，利用阈值筛选出融合所用的频段(S1C、S2L、S5Q和S7I），分别采用均值算法、中值算法、随机森林算法和BP神经网络算法对GPS、BDS多频多模信号进行水库水位的融合反演。结果表明，对于水面较为平静的环境，以上算法均能实现厘米级的反演精度，其中BP神经网络算法用于水位反演的效果更优。     

基于高度分集的两波束米波雷达测高方法及其应用

米波雷达的波束较宽、由于地面反射引起波瓣分裂,通常只能估高而不能用来测高.针对这一难题本文提出一种基于高度分集的两波束米波雷达测高方法.该方法采用高度不同的两个天线,利用波瓣分裂情况及相互相位关系来测量目标高度.文章分析了此方法测高的精度及影响精度的一些因素.本测高方法已应用于某型雷达信号处理机中,并取得良好效果.     

水位实时监测系统的设计与实现

水位监测是对河流、水库等水位实时监测保证水利枢纽安全,对可能的洪涝等灾害起到预警作用.本文设计了基于GPRS无线通信技术和CAN总线有线通信技术的水位实时监测系统.该系统采用激光测距仪对水位实时、精确测量,采用CAN总线技术对水位数据有线近程传输,通过GPRS网络技术对水位数据进行无线远程传输,可实现对不同地区水库、河流等水位自动、实时、可靠的监控.     

一种雷达模拟器天线系统设计

该系统采用角锥喇叭天线组成比幅测角系统,介绍了一种用于雷达模拟器的天线系统设计,解决了方位波束宽度大和天线增益高之间的矛盾,具有结构简单、易于实现、天线增益和测角精度高等特点。经测角误差分析和电磁仿真,证明天线系统的增益系数、测角范围和测角精度等主要技术指标满足雷达模拟器设计要求,具有推广应用价值。     

一种新型低剖面双频微带导航天线

设计了一种可以同时工作在BD2B3与GPS L1频段的低剖面微带导航天线,采用多调谐回路技术实现了天线双频工作。该天线方便调试与实现,可以应用于要求天线剖面较低的载体。     

利用星载GPS信息进行测角精度评估

针对单独测控站无法对测角数据进行精度评估的现实，提出截取测控站下行遥测GPS信息进行坐标变换，再与实测修正值比较，从而实现测控站单独对测角精度进行评估的目的。实践证明，单独测控站能够达到比较准确的精度评估结果。     

基于单天线GPS的伪姿态测量算法研究

介绍了根据单天线GPS速度测量值测定载体伪姿态的基本算法原理,建立了卡尔曼滤波方程,改进了伪航向角的计算和卡尔曼滤波模型,并进行了算法仿真。结果表明,在载体进行中高速飞行时,单天线测姿算法具有较高的精度,基本满足常规姿态测量要求。     

残击机高度分层试飞验证

针对采用气动补偿空速系统以改善测高系统精度的现代飞机，简要介绍了高度分层的要求，阐述了引起飞机空速系统位置误差的主要误差源并进行了分析；给出了通过GPS速度法对残击机高度分层试飞验证结果，并对试飞结果进行了分析和讨论；结果表明，所得到的试飞数据可为飞机气动补偿空速系统设计和高度分层试飞方法研究提供重要依据。     

波音757-200无线电高度表指示异常分析与维护

无线电高度表系统是现代飞机中较重要的自备式电子设备，其主要作用是测量飞机与地面之间的实际高度，它的工作范围为－２０～２５００ｆｔ，此高度区间通常为飞机的起飞或进近着陆阶段，所以无线电高度表系统工作的正常与输出信息的准确对于飞行人员或自动驾驶仪操纵飞机来说都至关重要。Ｂ７５７－２００飞机无线电高度表系统由三套设备组成，每套设备均包括一个发射天线、接收天线和收发机。其测高原理采用普通调频连续波式，即收发机将等幅调频信号经发射天线发出，电波被地面反射后由接收天线接收，发射出去的信号与接收回来的信号相比…     

雷达光机轴偏差的测量

精密测量雷达天线望远镜光轴与雷达机轴偏差会影响雷达的测角精度。在实际使用中,必须准确测出雷达的光机轴偏差,以此来修正实测数据,提高雷达的测角精度。本文简要叙述了光机轴偏差对雷达测角精度的影响,概述了四种光机轴偏差的测量方法,着重推荐一种新方法——自准直法。同时还分析了四种光机轴偏差测量结果及其适用性。     

地面和机载Ku波段定向天线的标定方法

提出了一种以地球同步轨道卫星作为参考物、利用GPS位置对Ku波段地面及机载定向天线进行快速标定的方法;研究了将地心大地坐标变换到地心空间直角坐标参数和将地心空间直角坐标变换到站心极坐标的计算方法;给出了定向天线的标定实施步骤。测试结果表明,地面定向天线标定角度误差可达0.1°,机载定向天线标定角度误差可达1°,该标定精度可以满足大部分应用需求。     

Array antennas for DGPS

Multipath interference limits the speed and accuracy of determining position by “differential” GPS techniques. A geodetic surveyor, for example, requires multipath interference rejection of about 36+20 log₁₀ sin ϵ dB, where ϵ is the elevation angle of the satellite being observed. Signal processing in a GPS receiver cannot satisfy this requirement. A receiving antenna is required that can sufficiently reject signals arriving from below the horizon. Available antennas have inadequate rejection, and brute-force methods of improving them, by enlarging their ground-planes, are impractical. A compact, ground-planeless, dual-band, GPS antenna with improved multipath rejection has been designed and field-tested. This antenna resembles a vertical post rather than a horizontal platter; within its 0.1-m diameter, 0.4-m tall radome is a vertical array of turnstile elements. In field tests, a three-element array antenna rejected multipath better than a 0.5-m diameter ground-plane antenna by an average of 5 dB. A five-element array antenna appears superior to a 0.9-m diameter ground-plane antenna     

TDRSS中用户星的星-星天线跟踪规律深入研究

应用坐标转换，得到用户星的星-星天线基本跟踪规律。针对几种情况，并考虑地球的隔断影响和天线的自身限制，对星一星天线的方位角和俯仰角表达式进行了修正和补充。最后，针对某用户星，应用Matlab进行数学仿真。结果表明，根据得出的跟踪规律，可以使用户星的星一星天线最大范围地跟踪中继卫星。     

天线整流罩对GNSS观测值与定位精度影响研究

当前大部分城市为保护卫星连续运行参考站(CORS)系统基准站天线安装了整流罩,但天线整流罩对观测值以及基准站坐标影响的研究仍显不足。为解决基于广州CORS(GZCORS)的网络RTK高程测量存在较大偏差的问题,基于2016—2021年观测站数据,以及拆除基准站天线罩前后的观测数据质量与定位效果相关分析,对天线整流罩对GNSS观测值与高程定位精度的影响进行了深入探究,并分别进行了静态仿动态和城市车载动态定位测试验证。研究结果显示,天线整流罩在一定程度上会增加原始观测值的多路径效应影响,降低约10%的数据可用率,并对基准站高程定位结果产生1～14 cm的系统性偏差,进而影响用户RTK高程定位效果。定位结果显示,拆除基准站天线罩后,基于GZCORS的RTK水平定位均方根误差(RMS)为1 cm左右,高程定位精度RMS为2 cm左右;城市场景下车辆动态定位精度RMS为15～20 cm,满足车道级定位性能。     

Phase Residual Estimations for PCVs of Spaceborne GPS Receiver Antenna and Their Impacts on Precise Orbit Determination of GRACE Satellites

In-flight phase center systematic errors of global positioning system(GPS) receiver antenna are the main restriction for improving the precision of precise orbit determination using dual-frequency GPS.Residual approach is one of the valid methods for in-flight calibration of GPS receiver antenna phase center variations(PCVs) from ground calibration.In this paper,followed by the correction model of spaceborne GPS receiver antenna phase center,ionosphere-free PCVs can be directly estimated by ionosphere-free carrier phase post-fit residuals of reduced dynamic orbit determination.By the data processing of gravity recovery and climate experiment(GRACE) satellites,the following conclusions are drawn.Firstly,the distributions of ionosphere-free carrier phase post-fit residuals from different periods have the similar systematic characteristics.Secondly,simulations show that the influence of phase residual estimations for ionosphere-free PCVs on orbit determination can reach the centimeter level.Finally,it is shown by in-flight data processing that phase residual estimations of current period could not only be used for the calibration for GPS receiver antenna phase center of foretime and current period,but also be used for the forecast of ionosphere-free PCVs in future period,and the accuracy of orbit determination can be well improved.     

GPS/BDS精密单点定位技术在滑坡变形监测中的应用研究

分别探讨了GPS精密单点定位技术、GPS/BDS精密单点定位技术及BDS精密单点定位技术在地形较为陡峭、有部分卫星被遮挡的滑坡体特殊环境中的应用能力。选用四川西山村8个监测站,总时长跨度16个月的观测数据进行试验及分析,结果表明:西山村滑坡体整体正以平均9.2mm/月的速度向南滑动,并伴随着垂向上的整体下沉。精度区间统计结果显示,平均5.93h时长的GPS精密单点定位的解算精度基本能达到较高水平且相对稳定,可以有效监测变形较缓慢的滑坡体。GPS/BDS的解算结果的精度接近于单GPS的水平,但由于BDS的数据可利用率整体上不稳定,拉低了GPS/BDS的解算结果的整体精度,表明了当前的单BDS精密单点定位的精度受地形等外界环境变化的影响更大。利用观测时长及数据的可利用率指标加权处理解算结果,降低了观测质量不高的结果对整体结果的贡献比,提高了定位结果的精度和容错率。     

Multicomponent receiver architectures for GPS interference suppression

The global positioning system (GPS) is a one-way satellite-based navigation system employing spread-spectrum techniques that is widely used for commercial and military applications. Although the very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is handled by the large spreading gain, GPS is susceptible to high-power interference signals and various types of jammers. We propose multicomponent receiver architectures for GPS interference suppression. A conventional antenna system is first considered which utilizes a minimum-variance distortionless-response (MVDR) beam former and assumes that the GPS signal angle of arrival (AOA) and the antenna model are known at the receiver. However, this receiver is sensitive to AOA estimation errors and can have a high computational complexity. This sensitivity problem is eliminated by a multicomponent system based on a multistage matched filter (MF). Since this MF receiver also has a high computational complexity because the jammer AOAs must be estimated, we introduce a blind interference canceler based on the constant modulus (CM) array that is insensitive to AOA estimation errors and has a low computational complexity. Computer simulations are provided to illustrate the performance of the various systems for interference suppression in example signal scenarios.     

GPS／INS组合导航系统松、紧耦合性能比较

对GPS/INS组合导航系统的紧耦合算法进行了理论推导。详细分析了当INS元器件性能变差时,GPS/INS组合导航系统在不同耦合模式下的定位精度变化规律,得出采用紧耦合模式的组合导航系统比一般的松耦合方式能获得更好的定位精度;并通过仿真验证了该结论的正确。     

An Application of Radiometric Techniques to Precision Angle Tracking Radar Systems

A new technique is described which provides for precision angle tracking of celestial radio sources with a conventional monopulse antenna receiving system. It is shown that this technique is readily adapted to angle tracking radars. The features of conventional monopulse operation are preserved while permitting precise angle tracking of noise sources when signal to noise ratios are much less than unity. Measurements, using a four-horn monopulse feed with a 28-foot parabolic reflector and a "monopulse radiometer" produced the characteristic monopulse angle detection functions when using the sun, the moon, and Cassiopeia A as boresight reference sources. Precision measurements were made to 8 arc second under varying weather conditions using 28-foot radio astronomy antennas. The accuracy of the measurements were limited by the antenna angle encoders, consequently no conclusions are drawn with regard to the absolute accuracy of the measurements. The celestial coordinates of four discrete radio sources and the equations for coordinate transformation to local elevation and azimuth are contained in the Appendixes.