微机电系统的国防应用及其制造技术发展述评（下）

微机电系统的国防应用及其制造技术发展述评（下）中国航空信息中心饶勤４微机械制造技术的发展及应用１．微机械制造技术及其应用（１）辅助加工技术包括金刚石微细切削、电火花加工和化学铣削等工艺，这类工艺能以较大的灵活性和较快的速度加工出形状多样的、尺寸在１０...     

装配工艺微规划在DELMIA下的实现技术

为了实现飞机、船舶等大型复杂产品的计算机辅助装配工艺规划和工艺仿真的集成,提出了装配工艺微规划的概念,介绍了装配工艺微规划的组成层次以及基于装配工艺微规划实现装配工艺规划和仿真集成的方法。结合仿真平台DELMIA,采用CAA对DELMIA进行二次开发,实现了装配工艺微规划技术在该环境下的实现,最终输出可直接指导装配现场的电子装配操作指令、装配操作视频等多媒体装配工艺文件。     

微束等离子焊接钛合金薄板保护规律的研究

 通过试验认为微束等离子焊接钛合金薄板的保护问题,关键在于控制施焊时焊缝处于700℃以上的加热范围,和700℃到400℃的冷却时间。并论证了以氧的污染层厚度作为钛合金焊接污染程度判据的合理性。本文采用电子探针法对氧污染层厚度进行了测定,求出污染方程。从而。使微束等离子焊接钛合金薄板的污染问题,可通过调整焊接规范进行控制。     

SJ809弹性环少氧化微变形热处理

主要介绍ＳＪ８０９弹性环少氧化、微变形热处理工艺。采用简便易行的双箱保护法，能够有效地达到零件少氧化、微变形之目的．     

机场污水处理与回用技术

随着水污染与水资源短缺问题的日趋严重，污水减量化与资源化逐渐为人们所重视。兴建的城市污水处理厂及工业废水处理站在一定程度上缓解了水源污染的加剧；以生活污水二级处理出水为原水，对其进行深度处理，回用于工业冷却、道路冲洗、洗车和绿化等，成为缺水城市和地区水资源可持续利用的重要途径。     

多环谐振微机械陀螺的研究现状及发展趋势

微机械陀螺是一种新型的陀螺，近年来随着微机电技术的发展，其性能不断得到提高。基于多环谐振微机械陀螺的发展现状，详细评述了多环谐振陀螺的来源以及其由单环到多环的结构发生改变的优点。并基于驻波进动原理，介绍了两种新型的全对称谐振盘陀螺。总结了圆环谐振式微机械陀螺的工艺发展路线，由早期的HARPSS工艺发展到外延多晶硅封装工艺，再到材料性能好的单晶硅热压键合工艺，使得多环谐振陀螺的性能不断得以提升，并分析了其优缺点。最后，展望了未来的高新技术，提出多环谐振陀螺的发展方向。     

激光加工小孔工艺及其孔壁再铸层对DZ22高温合金疲劳性能的影响

介绍了３种激光加工小孔工艺，在疲劳试验基础上分析了激光加工小孔孔壁再铸层及其上微裂纹对ＤＺ２２材料疲劳寿命的影响，并比较了３种工艺方法的优劣。     

电火花微细孔加工工艺实验研究

根据电火花微细加工的特点，通过各种工艺实验研究了微能放电参数、电极对材料以及加工液对电火花微细孔加工速度和侧边间隙的影响规律，寻求兼顾加工速度和精度的工艺参数组合。     

EB-PVD法制备微层材料的研究

简要介绍了用于电子束物理气相沉积的设备及其发展，阐述了利用该技术制备微层材料的优点，同时对制备工艺和相应的材料性能作了详细的介绍，并指出使用电子束物理气相沉积技术制备微层材料具有广阔的发展前景。     

一种用于主动流动控制的气泡型微致动器

 面向先进主动流动控制，在国内率先研发了一种基于微机电系统(MEMS)的气泡型微致动器阵列技术。分析了气泡型微致动器用于主动流动控制的原理，阐述了致动器结构及其加工工艺。通过对气泡样件的压力载荷 变形行为的测试，表明其具有较好的线性和较大承载能力。结合不同翼型的风洞试验表明，微致动器作动可以影响翼型表面的压强分布，从而可用于增升等控制目的。     

Potentials of manufacture and repair of nickel base turbine components used in aero engines and power plants by laser metal deposition and laser drilling

IntroductionExpensive turbine parts like HPT(HighPressure Turine)blades or vanes are replaced bynew parts in case of damage.For example theburn through of the inner side of a blade or vane(Figure 1)is a frequently appearing damage,which cannot be repaired…     

航天器返回地球的气动特性综述

航天器返回地球的飞行过程中,气动特性是实现将宇宙飞行速度减到落地前速度、保证再入飞行得到有效控制以及再入防热安全可靠的关键因素。针对简单旋成体气动外形、半弹道式再入控制、烧蚀防热类返回航天器,综述了返回地球过程中变化的空气流域特性、航天器周围的气体绕流环境、空气与航天器作用产生的动力学与热效应等。系统地给出了该类航天器的再入气动特性参数与飞行性能的共性规律,包括:气动阻力与再入减速、气动升力与再入轨迹控制、配平攻角与飞行稳定性、气动加热与防热,以及再入过程中不同气动特性航天器、气象条件变化等对再入飞行性能的影响规律。为航天器开展返回飞行过程的跨流域气动性能工程研制提供设计参考。     

The MESSENGER Spacecraft

The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft was designed and constructed to withstand the harsh environments associated with achieving and operating in Mercury orbit. The system can be divided into eight subsystems: structures and mechanisms (e.g., the composite core structure, aluminum launch vehicle adapter, and deployables), propulsion (e.g., the state-of-the-art titanium fuel tanks, thruster modules, and associated plumbing), thermal (e.g., the ceramic-cloth sunshade, heaters, and radiators), power (e.g., solar arrays, battery, and controlling electronics), avionics (e.g., the processors, solid-state recorder, and data handling electronics), software (e.g., processor-supported code that performs commanding, data handling, and spacecraft control), guidance and control (e.g., attitude sensors including star cameras and Sun sensors integrated with controllers including reaction wheels), radio frequency telecommunications (e.g., the spacecraft antenna suites and supporting electronics), and payload (e.g., the science instruments and supporting processors). This system architecture went through an extensive (nearly four-year) development and testing effort that provided the team with confidence that all mission goals will be achieved. Larry E. Mosher passed away during the preparation of this paper.     

Snort报文检测及解析机制分析

Snort是目前最受关注的一个代码开放网络入侵检测系统(NIDS)。报文检测和解析是其最基本也是最重要的部分。本文分析了Snort的系统结构和检测原理及模式,对Snort报文捕获和报文解析的实现进行了分析,提出了Snort存在的缺陷和改进建议。     

新型硅微机械谐振器的设计

从理论上分析谐振器的静电制动特性和机械力学特性,给出了活动梳齿的谐振频率和谐振振幅的解析解,提供谐振器结构设计的依据.设计了四种结构形式的谐振器,充分考虑不同静电激励方式对谐振器的影响,合理选取结构参数,有效提高了谐振器抑制侧向失稳和粘附效应的能力.借助有限元软件在考虑硅微加工特性和可行性的基础上对谐振器模态和固有频率的仿真和计算,优化了谐振器结构参数,使工作模态远离其他高阶模态,具有良好的频率特性.     

中央维护系统概念及其应用

二十世纪八十年代以来,国外航空界研制开发了民用直升机的健康与使用状况监控系统(HUMS),并将这一概念引入军机,先后建立了用于军用直升机的联合先进飞机健康与使用状况监控系统(JAHUMS)项目和用于歼击机的故障预测与健康管理(PHM)项目,本文基于当前国外HUMS的发展状况,借鉴JAHUMS和PHM的构想,将HUMS概念引入到民用固定翼飞机中央维护系统(CMS)中,对CMS概念、应用和其关键技术进行了初步探讨。     

The Mercury Dual Imaging System on the MESSENGER Spacecraft

The Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS) on the MESSENGER spacecraft will provide critical measurements tracing Mercury’s origin and evolution. MDIS consists of a monochrome narrow-angle camera (NAC) and a multispectral wide-angle camera (WAC). The NAC is a 1.5° field-of-view (FOV) off-axis reflector, coaligned with the WAC, a four-element refractor with a 10.5° FOV and 12-color filter wheel. The focal plane electronics of each camera are identical and use a 1,024×1,024 Atmel (Thomson) TH7888A charge-coupled device detector. Only one camera operates at a time, allowing them to share a common set of control electronics. The NAC and the WAC are mounted on a pivoting platform that provides a 90° field-of-regard, extending 40° sunward and 50° anti-sunward from the spacecraft +Z-axis—the boresight direction of most of MESSENGER’s instruments. Onboard data compression provides capabilities for pixel binning, remapping of 12-bit data into 8 bits, and lossless or lossy compression. MDIS will acquire four main data sets at Mercury during three flybys and the two-Mercury-solar-day nominal mission: a monochrome global image mosaic at near-zero emission angles and moderate incidence angles, a stereo-complement map at off-nadir geometry and near-identical lighting, multicolor images at low incidence angles, and targeted high-resolution images of key surface features. These data will be used to construct a global image base map, a digital terrain model, global maps of color properties, and mosaics of high-resolution image strips. Analysis of these data will provide information on Mercury’s impact history, tectonic processes, the composition and emplacement history of volcanic materials, and the thickness distribution and compositional variations of crustal materials. This paper summarizes MDIS’s science objectives and technical design, including the common payload design of the MDIS data processing units, as well as detailed results from ground and early flight calibrations and plans for Mercury image products to be generated from MDIS data.     

土壤优先流模型理论与观测技术的研究进展

优先流是土壤中常见的和重要的水流运动和溶质运移形式。由于土壤优先流的形成和影响因素众多、表现形式多样,加之土壤优先流的快速非平衡特征明显以及土壤高度的空间变异性,准确描述和模拟土壤优先流的时空变化特征一直以来都是土壤水文学界的热点问题和难点问题。该文从优先流的定义、表现类型、形成和影响因素、模型理论与观测技术等5个方面综述了土壤优先流的研究进展,指出该领域今后的主要研究方向为建立土壤优先流的统一判别标准、提升优先流模型理论的有效性、发展优先流的专用观测技术设备。文章对深入研究土壤优先流具有参考价值。     

Analysis Approach to Durability Based on Material Initial Fatigue Quality and S-N Curve

Based on probabilistic fracture mechanics approach, a new concept of material initial fatigue quality (MIFQ) is developed. Then, the relation between S-N curve and crack propagation curve is studied. From the study, a new durability analysis method is presented. In this method, S-N curve is used to determine crack growth rate under constant amplitude loading and evaluate the effects of different factors on durability and then the structural durability is analyzed. The tests and analyses indicate that this method has lower dependence on testing, and higher accuracy, reliability and generality and is convenient for application.     

Geodetic Methods for Calibration of GRACE and GOCE

It is beyond doubt that calibration and validation are essential tools in the process of reaching the goals of gravity missions like GRACE and GOCE and to obtain results of the highest possible quality. Both tools, although general and obvious instruments for any mission, have specific features for gravity missions. Therefore, it is necessary to define exactly what is expected (and what cannot be expected) from calibration and what from validation and how these tools should work in our case. The general calibration and validation schemes for GRACE and GOCE are outlined. Calibration will be linked directly to the instrument and the measurements whereas validation will be linked to data derived from the original measurements. Calibration includes on-ground, internal, and external calibration as well as error assessment. The calibration phase results in corrected measurements along with an a posteriori error model. Validation of e.g. calibrated measurements or geoid heights means checking against independent data to assess whether there are no systematic errors left and/or whether the error model describes the true error reasonably well. Geodetic methods for calibration typically refer to external calibration and error assessment, and will be illustrated with an example. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.