基于极大似然估计器的GNSS矢量跟踪算法

矢量跟踪是一种将全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)接收机的信号跟踪与导航解算融为一体的跟踪算法。传统的基于矢量延迟/频率锁定环(VDFLL)的跟踪算法普遍采用延迟锁定环(DLL)和锁频环(FLL)鉴别器计算伪距和伪距率偏差观测量,由于锁频环鉴别器存在近似误差和一步延迟效应,在高动态环境下容易造成环路失锁。从直接估计卫星信号特征参数的角度出发,基于中频信号模型构建码相位和载波多普勒的极大似然代价函数,采用非迭代估计算法得到各通道码相位和多普勒频移的估计偏差,转换为卡尔曼滤波器的观测矢量,提出一种基于极大似然估计器(MLE)的矢量跟踪算法。理论分析和仿真结果表明:新算法结合了极大似然估计和矢量跟踪的优点,克服了FLL的延迟效应,与基于VDFLL的矢量环路相比,高动态环境下的跟踪稳定性更好,可以对被遮挡的卫星保持持续的跟踪。     

Dynamic analysis of C/C composite finger seal

A seal device as an important component of aeroengines has decisive influence on per- formance, reliability, and working life of aeroengines. With the development of aeroengines, demands on the performance characteristics of seal devices are made strictly. Finger seal as a novel kind of sealing device, recently attracts more and more attentions in academic circles and engineer- ing fields at home and abroad. Research on finger seals has been extensively developed, especially on leakage and wear performances under dynamic conditions. However, it is a pity that the work on finger seals has been limited with a single approach that is improving the performance by structural optimization; in addition, the technology of dynamic analysis on finger seals is weak. Aiming at the problems mentioned above, a distributed mass equivalent dynamic model of finger seals considering the coupling effect of overlaid laminates is established in the present paper, the dynamic perfor- mance of 2.5 dimension C/C composite finger seal is analyzed with the model, and then the effects of fiber bundle density and fiber bundle preparation direction on finger seal＇s dynamic performance are discussed, as well as compared with those of Co-based alloy finger seal. The current work is about dynamic analysis of finger seals and application of C/C composite in this paper may have much academic significance and many engineering values for improving research level of finger seal dynamics and exploring feasibility of C/C composite being used for finger seals.     

Flutter analysis of an airfoil with nonlinear damping using equivalent linearization

The equivalent linearization method （ELM） is modified to investigate the nonlinear flut- ter system of an airfoil with a cubic damping. After obtaining the linearization quantity of the cubic nonlinearity by the ELM, an equivalent system can be deduced and then investigated by linear flut- ter analysis methods. Different from the routine procedures of the ELM, the frequency rather than the amplitude of limit cycle oscillation （LCO） is chosen as an active increment to produce bifurca- tion charts. Numerical examples show that this modification makes the ELM much more efficient. Meanwhile, the LCOs obtained by the ELM are in good agreement with numerical solutions. The nonlinear damping can delay the occurrence of secondary bifurcation. On the other hand, it has marginal influence on bifurcation characteristics or LCOs.     

高旋转数内冷通道换热实验技术及验证

通过内冷通道换热理论分析及实验系统优化,获得了使内冷通道内气体压力保持在500kPa以上的高旋转数实验技术.旋转数和雷诺数的范围分别为0~2.08,104~7×104,极大满足了旋转数与雷诺数同时覆盖真实发动机涡轮叶片工作参数的实验需求.证实了雷诺数和旋转数对内冷通道换热的影响可以解耦.而应用该实验技术进行同等旋转数实验时,内冷通道热损失占总加热量的比例和实验误差分别降低到18%和±10%.     

旋转受限层板中隔板对层板流动换热的影响

采用数值模拟的方法,研究了旋转受限层板结构中隔板对层板中冷却气体流动换热的影响机理.结果表明:隔板结构能够有效地提高层板的换热能力,旋转受限层板比不受限横流冲击层板的Nu高18%,比不受限横流冲击出流层板的Nu高15%.隔板导热条件下比绝热条件下的层板的Nu提高10%~15%.在旋转受限层板中,冲击孔靠近旋转中心一侧换热能力随着旋转数的增加而降低,冲击孔远离旋转中心一侧换热能力随着旋转数的增加而增加.旋转的加入,可以有效地降低靶面上由于隔板的加入而导致的高温区的温度,旋转受限层板更适用于涡轮动叶.     

介质涂覆位置对球面收敛喷管电磁散射特性影响

外形设计和隐身材料使用是缩减目标雷达散射截面积(RCS)的两种常用方法。为了研究雷达吸波材料(RAM)对于球面收敛矢量喷管(SCFN)的RCS减缩效果,采用引入阻抗边界条件后的迭代物理光学(IPO)法,研究了球面收敛二元喷管及8种吸波材料涂覆方案的电磁散射特性,并获得了X波段下9种模型的后向RCS随探测角度的变化规律。研究结果表明:吸波材料涂覆可以有效地缩减球面收敛喷管的RCS;合理的涂覆方案可以在保证RCS缩减效果的基础上,降低吸波材料的使用量;相比全涂覆方案,仅在喷管出口和球面段进行涂覆,可以在吸波材料减少30%使用量的情况下,达到全涂覆方案80%的缩减效果。     

民用运输类飞机最大可用速率抬前轮试飞技术研究

最大可用速率抬前轮试飞是验证抬前轮速度与起飞安全速度的重要依据,也是难度较大、风险较高的试验项目。以起飞动力学分析为基点,得出最大可用速率抬前轮试飞可能达到的最大迎角,并结合相应的适航审定条款,分析了影响该科目试飞的主要因素,给出了最大可用速率抬前轮试飞技术分析和数据处理方法。     

电机瞬态转速测试

介绍了一种利用单片机和光电转速传感器来测量电机瞬态转速及电机转速变化过程的方法。该方法简单、反应时间快、准确度高。     

先进的短距起飞垂直降落(ASTOVL)升力风扇飞机的动态逆控制

研究了推力矢量喷管、升力风扇以及气动舵面共同作用下 ASTOVL升力风扇飞机的飞控问题 ,采用非线性动态逆理论进行控制系统的设计。针对 ASTOVL升力风扇飞机的俯仰控制设计了动态逆控制律 ,并将所设计的控制律进行了仿真。结果表明 ,该方法能够满足控制系统性能的要求 ,具有工程应用前景。     

高分影像辅助下的航空高光谱严密几何检校方法

 惯性测量单元(IMU)与传感器视准轴的偏心角和偏心矢量是造成航空线阵列高光谱数据几何校正误差的主要原因之一。在分析偏心角与偏心矢量误差来源之后提出该误差由IMU主轴与传感器主轴的角度偏差、测区固定偏差、GPS中心与传感器投影中心相对偏差组成,在此基础上建立了较为严密的检校模型。针对模型解算时需要大量高精度控制点的问题,提出了一种高分影像辅助下的亚像元精度控制点自动提取方法。通过多地区、多传感器高光谱航测实验表明,亚像元精度控制点能有效提高模型解算精度。新检校模型可获得亚像元校正精度,推扫式传感器——应用型机载成像光谱仪(AISA)建模中误差约为0.39个像元,摆扫式传感器——实用型模块化成像光谱仪(OMIS)建模中误差约为0.23个像元,校正后的影像可直接进行拼接。