A strategic flight conflict avoidance approach based on a memetic algorithm

Conflict avoidance （CA） plays a crucial role in guaranteeing the airspace safety. The cur- rent approaches, mostly focusing on a short-term situation which eliminates conflicts via local adjust- ment, cannot provide a global solution. Recently, long-term conflict avoidance approaches, which are proposed to provide solutions via strategically planning traffic flow from a global view, have attracted more attentions. With consideration of the situation in China, there are thousands of flights per day and the air route network is large and complex, which makes the long-term problem to be a large-scale combinatorial optimization problem with complex constraints. To minimize the risk of premature convergence being faced by current approaches and obtain higher quality solutions, in this work, we present an effective strategic framework based on a memetic algorithm （MA）, which can markedly improve search capability via a combination of population-based global search and local improve- ments made by individuals. In addition, a specially designed local search operator and an adaptive local search frequency strategy are proposed to improve the solution quality. Furthermore, a fast genetic algorithm （GA） is presented as the global optimization method. Empirical studies using real traffic data of the Chinese air route network and daily flight plans show that our approach outper- formed the existing approaches including the GA .based approach and the cooperative coevolution based approach as well as some well-known memetic algorithm based approaches.     

Collision risk-capacity tradeoff analysis of an en-route corridor model

Flow corridors are a new class of trajectory-based airspace which derives from the next generation air transportation system concept of operations. Reducing the airspace complexity and increasing the capacity are the main purposes of the en-route corridor. This paper analyzes the collision risk-capacity tradeoff using a combined discrete–continuous simulation method. A basic two-dimensional en-route flow corridor with performance rules is designed as the operational environment. A second-order system is established by combining the point mass model and the proportional derivative controller together to simulate the self-separation operations of the aircrafts in the corridor and the operation performance parameters from the User Manual for the Base of Aircraft Data are used in this research in order to improve the reliability. Simulation results indicate that the aircrafts can self-separate from each other efficiently by adjusting their velocities,and rationally setting the values of some variables can improve the rate and stability of the corridor with low risks of loss of separation.     

超燃冲压发动机燃烧室空气节流技术研究

为考察空气节流对超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的影响,非定常数值模拟和地面实验相结合证实了空气节流可以实现超燃燃烧室燃料稳定燃烧,研究了节流位置、节流流量、节流撤去时间对节流效果的影响。结果表明:在燃烧室入口马赫数2,静温548.8K,静压101555.9Pa条件下,745mm处节流时,激波串稳定时间较短,稳焰失败;875mm处节流时,火焰稳定成功。随着节流流量和节流撤去时间的增加,燃烧越来越剧烈,壁面压力逐渐升高,可能影响进气道的起动,对于本文来流条件,30%入口空气流量作为节流流量是合适的,440ms以前撤去空气节流是恰当的。     

基于CTM的终端区交通流参数关系研究

为研究终端区空中交通流宏观时空特性及演变规律,利用时间离散的差分方程方法建立终端区进场交通流元胞传输模型,分析推导了交通流基本特性参数间的数理关系;借助NetLogo系统仿真平台对终端区进场交通流进行数据仿真与模拟推演,统计验证了交通流基本特性参数及其间相互关系,并利用真实雷达数据验证了仿真数据的可靠性;比较分析管制间隔对终端区空中交通流特性参数的影响规律。研究结果表明,进场交通流的速度与密度、速度与流量、流量与密度之间存在明显的相互影响关系,且管制临界密度与管制临界流量直接影响关系曲线拐点位置。     

基于空中交通管制运行品质的扇区容量评估

扇区容量反映的是扇区空中交通管制运行品质诸多要素综合寻优下的流量水平,目前将扇区管制员工作负荷阈值映射为扇区容量的评估方法存在片面性。为改善扇区容量评估方法,以成都进近南扇为研究实例,采集198组实际运行数据建立样本集,确立了涵盖空中交通流密度、管制运行安全性能、管制运行效率性能及管制员工作负荷等4类因子的管制运行品质量化指标,并基于主成分分析法实现了扇区管制运行品质综合评价,经函数拟合确定扇区容量为29架次/h,新方法更具科学性、客观性。     

扇区繁忙时段交通流的不均衡度量化研究

以容流量及拥挤度等指标进行的空中交通运行评价无法全面反映空中交通的实际运行状况.在依据重要点对航路段进行分组的基础上,通过计算超容比,确定了扇区繁忙时段,基于多项式二次拟合分析了超容比与基尼系数以及泰尔指数之间的数量关系,基于3σ原则确定了不同超容比情况下的理想不均衡度的取值范围.应用方法对厦门1号扇区的实际运行数据进行了计算分析,验证了不均衡度量化方法的适用性.     

ATC3在管制员模拟培训中的应用分析

民航的快速发展对管制员的数量和质量都提出了很高的要求,但管制模拟机设备的不足限制了民航院校的管制员培训与培养.通过详细研究管制模拟软件ATC3,并与目前使用的管制模拟机进行对比分析,探讨其创新性及优缺点,进而研究在管制员模拟机培训中的可应用性.同时也针对该软件的缺点提出了一些优化建议,以使该软件很好地应用在管制员模拟培训中,提高管制培训的质量,加快管制员培训的步伐,满足中国民航发展的迫切需求.     

Lateral Flight Technical Error Estimation Model for Performance Based Navigation

Flight technical error (FTE) combined with navigation system error (NSE) is the main part of total system error (TSE) in performance based navigation (PBN).The implementation of PBN requires pre-flight prediction and en-route short-term dynamical prediction of the TSE.Once the sum of predicted lateral FTE and NSE is greater than the specified PBN value,the PBN cannot operate.Thus,accurate modeling and thorough analysis of lateral FTE are indispensible.Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) lateral track control system of a transport aircraft is designed using linear quadratic Gaussian and loop transfer recovery (LQG/LTR) method,and the lateral FTE of a turbulence disturbed approach operation is analyzed.The error estimation mapping function of latera FTE and its bound estimation algorithm are proposed based on singular value theory.According to the forming mechanism of lateral FTE,the algorithm considers environmental turbulence fluctuation disturbance,aircraft dynamics and control system parameters.Real-data-based Monte-Carlo simulation validates the theoretical analysis of FTE.It also shows that FTE is mainly caused by turbulence fluctuation disturbance when automatic flight control system (AFCS) is engaged and would increase with escalating environmental turbulence intensity.     

机场终端区着陆次序的排序规划算法

讨论了机场终端区飞机到达流的排序规划问题。为了能够在终端区交通繁忙的情况下高效地为到达的飞机流安排合理的着陆次序，并在不违反飞机间距要求的情况下给出各飞机经过优化的着陆时间，提高机场跑道的利用率，提出了经过改进的先来先服务、带有时间提前量、带有约束的位置偏移三种排序算法。当进入机场终端区的飞机数量超过机场终端区的容量时，分航路对飞机排队并对飞机间的距离进行限制     

基于Petri网的空中交通管制辅助决策系统

空中交通管制系统是生产实际中的一种典型的离散事件动态系统（Ｄｉｓｃｒｅｔｅ ｅｖｅｎｔ ｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｙｓｔｅｍ，ＤＥＤＳ），而Ｐｅｔｒｉ网理论是研究ＤＥＤＳ的有力工具之一。为了描述空中交通管制系统受到外部控制的交互机制及层次结构，文中引入Ｐｅｔｒｉ网概念的一类扩充－－开放Ｐｅｔｒｉ网的概念，并用开放Ｐｅｔｒｉ网工中交通管制辅助决策系统进行建模与分析，阐述了空中交通管制辅助决策系统的开放Ｐｅｔｒ