用于一等量块检定的柯氏干涉仪的改造

介绍了经过改造后的柯氏干涉仪用于一等量块的检定。从激光干涉仪直接测量量块长度的原理出发,通过对干涉条纹的整数部分Ⅳ、小数部分ε以及修正量C的确定,计算出量块长度。改造中结合激光干涉技术、图像采集判读等技术,提高了量块测量准确度,解决了一等量块长度测量问题。     

双参考镜合像干涉仪的研究

介绍一种新型干涉测量系统，该系统采用并列的两个参考镜，将产生的两组干涉条纹复合在同一视场。当测量系统产生的光程改变时，两组干涉条纹相对关系按一定规律变化，借助光电转换和图像分析技术，可用于长度和微小角度测量。介绍了可行性实验和测取的数据及分析所得出的结论。     

提高激光干涉仪分辨力和可靠性的一种相位编码方法

提出一种电子测量方法,它能提高测量位移用的激光干涉仪的分辨力和可靠性。通过对干涉条纹间隔分区编码,测量位移的分辨力为波长的1/170(对He-Ne激光器约为4nm)。因为避免了在计数过程中由环境噪声而引起的累积误差,所以测量值比使用那些传统的脉冲计数测量法更为可靠。     

？abry—Perot测风干涉仪数据处理

针对自主研制的星载法布里一珀罗干涉仪（Fabry—Perot Interferometer,FPI）样机,介绍了Fabry—Perot（F—P）的测风原理和风速反演算法,阐述了F—P测风干涉数据的自动化处理方法,包括干涉条纹图像滤波、分割、细化和特征数据的提取．滤波包括中值滤波和背景补偿,分割采用区域平均灰度值阈值法,借助数学形态学计算填充和消除二值化条纹的断裂点和毛刺．最后,按照骨架提取思想细化成干涉条纹线条,提取其特征数据．应用VC＋＋编程语言开发软件平台,对上述F—P测风仪数据自动化处理方法进行了验证,结果表明其可行性高、适应性强．     

时消除CCD太阳Ha色球象干涉条纹的方法

本文对使用CCD采集太阳Hα单色象时产生的干涉条纹提出一种用获得标准干涉条纹象,并在采集太阳象过程中实时消除干涉条纹的可行方法.     

光学干涉计量用共光路动态干涉仪光机结构设计

光学干涉计量方法具有一系列独特的优点,包括非接触、非破坏、髙精度和高灵敏度等,在生产和科学研究领域获得了广泛的应用。干涉仪作为检验光学系统、光学元件最准确最有效的工具之一,在光学计量方面发挥了重要作用。为了满足光学系统现场检验和恶劣环境下光学元件的高精度测量和连续的动态测量,需开展光学干涉计量用共光路动态干涉仪设计研究,本文针对光学干涉计量用共光路动态干涉仪开展光机结构设计研究。     

北极黄河站极光亚暴期间低热层大气中性风研究

极光亚暴是地球空间基本的能量输入、耦合及耗散过程,其对低热层大气中性风的影响不容忽视,对这一问题进行深入研究具有重要意义.2010年11月,中国北极黄河站(78.92°N,11.93°E)安装了一台自主研制的全天空法布里-珀罗干涉仪(FPI)并开始进行正常观测,为中国首次获得了极光亚暴期间的FPI观测数据.根据2012年越冬期间的观测情况,对2012年11月12-14日及12月09-11日两个极光亚暴事件期间的数据进行处理,计算得到了5级干涉环对应的风场.亚暴期间风场变化与地磁活动变化的对比分析表明,风速的剧烈变化可能是由地磁活动剧烈扰动造成的.针对2012年11月13日00:00UT-02:00UT和2012年12月10日05:00UT-07:30UT的亚暴事件,将全天空相机拍摄到的极光图像与FPI干涉图像对应的视线风场进行对比分析.结果表明在极光活动中,视线风速加强的方向与极光弧的方向垂直,而在极光弧的平行方向,风速相对较小.      

基于低相干光的光子晶体光纤熔点背向反射测量

光子晶体光纤(PCF)与传统单模光纤熔接时斜切熔接可以大大减小熔点处反射,但是仍然存在微弱的残余背向反射,为了精确测量该残余背向反射大小,本文基于低相干光干涉测量原理提出了一种Mach-Zehnder与Michelson混合型干涉仪。基于该干涉仪,对包层直径125μm实芯光子晶体光纤与传统单模光纤斜8°熔点,以及包层直径100μm实芯光子晶体光纤与传统单模光纤斜8°熔点处的背向反射进行了测量,得到背向反射率分别为-52.12 d B和-49.35 d B,并获得了熔点的位置信息。该干涉仪为光子晶体光纤斜切熔点残余背向反射的精确定位和测量提供了工具和手段,为熔点质量的改善奠定了基础。     

激光外差干涉信号处理技术的研究

介绍了两种激光外差干涉信号的处理方法锁相频率解调法及组合频率解调法。此方法适用于需要实时反馈控制以及定位曝光等场合。用此方法,可以使干涉仪的测量分辨力分别达到３ｎｍ和０．５ｎｍ,干涉仪测量棱镜的允许运动速度达到３ｍｍ／ｓ。     

线性调频半导体激光衍射光栅干涉仪

介绍一种以线性调频半导体激光为光源的衍射光栅干涉仪。激光与光栅上衍射的±１级衍射波会合，由于有光程差而发生光拍频，测量拍频信号的相位移则可测得光栅的位移。设计了一种克服激光波长漂移和空气折射率变化影响的对称差动光路，使这种方法达到实用化的程度，分辨力达到纳米级。此外，还介绍了应用于接触干涉仪的实验情况。     

Two-dimensional Marangoni and buoyancy convection related to crystal growth techniques in space

The natural convection in the horizontal liquid layer driven both by surface tension gradient and buoyancy was investigated experimentally and theoretically.The fluid motion was visualized by mixing fine flakes of aluminum into the liquid. At the same time, the temperature field was visualized by the Mach-Zehnder interferometry and the local temperature gradient distributions were visualized by making use of the refraction of parallel incident light.The numerical analysis using the Galerkin method was also carried out which agreed well with the experimental results.It was found that the velocity and temperature fields of Marangoni convection were varied depending on the aspect ratio of the liquid layer and on the coupled buoyancy convection.     

发动机燃气喷流红外辐射场的数值模拟

在高温流动中热辐射与流场是耦合的,但在发动机燃气喷流流场的温度范围内可以在流场计算中忽略热辐射的影响,于是流场与辐射场的模型方程可解耦.为此提出了模拟飞行器绕流流场红外辐射的解耦模型以及相应的算法.该算法首先采用总变差减小TVD(Total Variation Diminishing)格式对流场进行模拟,再引入有限体积概念,应用所取得的流场参数,在同一组网格上计算流场中的红外辐射特征.以轴对称喷管内N₂,O₂,CO₂,H₂O,CO,HCl,H₂等7组分高度欠膨胀冻结流与均匀绕流干扰流场为算例进行了验证性的模拟计算,并与已有试验和计算数据进行了对比,表明该算法是可靠的,可在较大幅度地降低计算量的情况下给出满足工程需要的结果.     

基于石墨烯膜的光纤Fabry-Perot腔干涉特性分析

针对以新型材料石墨烯为膜片的光纤法珀压力传感器,应用圆薄膜大挠度弹性理论,利用有限元法分析了均布载荷下石墨烯膜的挠度形变;并基于Fabry-Perot干涉仪原理,建立了光纤Fabry-Perot腔压力传感的数学模型.根据石墨烯膜折射率特性,分析了层数、入射光角度等参数对石墨烯膜反射率的影响,获取了腔长损耗以及薄膜挠度形变导致腔长变化而引起的干涉光谱变化规律.仿真结果表明,增加薄膜层数可提高反射率、改善干涉性能;但随着载荷增加,其对挠度形变的影响表现为反向递减效应.8层石墨烯薄膜可获得0.715%的反射率,且当腔长为40μm时,直径25μm薄膜的理论压力灵敏度约为10nm/kPa.这为基于多层石墨烯的膜片式光纤压力传感器的设计提供了理论依据.      

Strong magnetic field effect on the dissolution process of tetragonal lysozyme crystals.

Either a homogeneous or inhomogeneous magnetic field has been known to dampen the protein crystal growth. To date the mechanism is not clear. However, it was generally proposed that the magnetic field may dampen the convection in the solution, resulting in a reduced crystal growth rate and possibly a good crystal quality, similar to the case of protein crystal growth in space. To understand the mechanism of the magnetic field effect on protein crystal growth, further explorations on the magnetic field effect on protein solution, on the processes of crystal growth and dissolution, and on different crystallization (solution) systems, should be valuable. In this paper we present our recent efforts to study magnetic field effects on the dissolution processes of tetragonal lysozyme crystals under a strong magnetic field. A layer of oriented tetragonal lysozyme crystals was prepared under a temperature gradient and magnetic field, after that the crystals were dissolved by increasing the temperature of the solution. The lysozyme molecules will diffuse upwards due to the steep concentration gradient at the lower side of the cell caused by the dissolution. The evolution of the concentration in the solution was measured in-situ using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The results confirmed that the dissolution process of the crystals was slowed by the magnetic field. Judging from the concentration evolution versus time at different positions in the solution, we concluded that the apparent diffusion coefficient of lysozyme molecules was decreased by the magnetic field. The results were discussed using a suspended crystal model in the initial dissolution stage.     

2-D differential interferometer

A new type of differential interferometer based on holographic optical elements is developed, which allows the exact determination of a refractive index gradient field in two orthogonal directions. This interferometer will be used in TEXUS experiments to determine the temperature field in a convective liquid cell in which the temperature may be known at only one point.     

红萍湿养栽培供O2装置研制

红萍作为空间站受控生态生命保障系统中的生物部件, 可望为航天员提供O2和新鲜蔬菜并吸收CO2. 研究红萍湿养栽培供O2装置, 旨在建立地面非生物部件, 满足模拟研究的需要. 介绍了所研发装置及关键部件的结构特点和工作原理. 通过红萍湿养板内湿养栽培介质的结构功能设计, 在蓄水保水基质层内部配置具有毛细作用的渗水管路, 介质始终保持整体湿润而表面无明水状态, 为红萍扎根稳固、营养吸收和生长繁殖创造条件. 水压试验确定了渗水管路的主要技术参数和闭合式红萍培养液输配循环系统的间歇循环周期. 整机产出量试验结果表明, 在层间距125 mm, 整机红萍湿养面积6.3 m2, 超高亮度白色LED人工光源能耗152 Wm 2, 红萍表面的光照强度6000~6500 lx, 整机的红萍湿养产量、红萍放O2量和吸收CO2量相应大幅提高, 装置各项性能指标均达到设计要求.      

同信道干扰对载波环和遥测分系统的影响

文中讨论了星地链路中同信道干扰对地面TT&C站的影响;分析了干扰对载波跟踪环路的影响,确定了载波环保持锁定的临界条件,重点分析了干扰对遥测解调分系统的影响。干扰通过两个途径影响误码率:一是通过载波恢复环路,造成参考相位抖动,间接影响误码率;二是直接进入相干检测设备,直接影响误码率。这些影响的结果可用同等误码率下输入信噪比E_b/N_0的损耗表示。     

EFFECTS OF CONVECTIVE FLUID MOTION UPON OXIDE CRYSTAL GROWTH IN HIGH TEMPERATURE SOLUTION

For understanding of the influence of convective flow on crystal growth, space high temperature in situ observation instrument (SHITISOI) is dedicated to visualize and record the whole growth process of oxide crystals in high temperature up to 1000°C. Model experiments using transparent liquids such as KNbO3 and a mix ture of Li2B4O7+KNbO3 were chosen to investigate effects on ground and in space.On the earth, an investigation of growth kinetics of KNbO3 crystal related to two different states of convection: diffusive-advective flow and diffusive-convective flow,has been performed. The per unit length of a step e is calculated from the exper imental data for two different states of convection. Analyses of these data show the effect of buoyancy convection is to enhance the sharpness of the interface. The growth of KNbO3 crystals from solution of KNbO3+Li2B4O7 was investigated in space. The streamlines of the steady thermocapillary convection in Li2B4O7 solvent was observed. Due to thermocapillary convection, KNbO3 crystal grains grew and filled the whole solution homogeneously. Earth-based quenching experiments are de signed in order to study polyhedral instability of KNbO3 crystal, which is controlled by diffusion mechanism limitation. In all cases, when the crystal was nucleated near air/solution surface, it lost its polyhedral stability and varied from polyhedrons to dedrites. The thickness of diffusion mechanism limitation layer is about 60μm.     

高空减压病的气泡体积假说及预吸氧时间同航天服压力的关系

假定减压病的发病率随减压后气泡的体积增加而增加,可以导出减压后组织中气泡的相对体积(气泡体积同组织体积之比,V_b/V)同减压前后组织氮张力之比(PN_2/Pd_(N2))成线性关系。减压后组织氮张力P_(dN2)可表示为环境压力和综合压力P_(?)之和。P_(?)同减压后的活动状态有关。活动量越大,则P_3越小,使V_b/V 越大,因而减压病的发病率越高。按照该假说以及有关减压病的大量实验资料,得到预吸氧时间同航天服压力的关系曲线。     

长波定时ASF修正的GIS软件

论述的长波定时ASF修正的GIS软件能快速数字化可视化显示和调用服务区域的地形地理信息、大地电参数和大气折射率等多种数据源。使用此软件可以非常方便容易地用不同模型计算在广阔区域接收到的多个长波信号在各种典型路径上的ASF和地波传播时间延迟,并提高定时精度。