Design and Simulation of Electro-hydrostatic Actuator with a Built-in Power Regulator

The electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) is a kind of power-by-wire (PBW) actuator that converts the electrical power into localized hydraulic power for flight control. By removing the central hydraulic power supply together with hydraulic pipes, an EHA's reliability and efficiency are greatly improved but its frequency width and stiffness decreased. To overcome the drawback, this article proposes a novel structure of EHA associated with a power regulator. Composed of a high-pressure accumulator and a proportional valve, it can store and harness the hydraulic power flexibly according to the changing control requirements. The concept of transferred volume is put forward to estimate the capability of the power regulator. The actuator output position can be kept fixed with a hydraulic lock. The compounded control is specially developed to ensure the actuator system to operate in a correct manner. The simulation results indicate that the new-brand actuator results in efficient expanding of the system frequency width with an optimal power supply.     

脉冲介质阻挡放电等离子体热效应实验

为了研究介质阻挡放电的热效应,将介质阻挡放电等离子体激励器(DBDPA)安装在一个小型量热风洞中,采用微秒级脉冲等离子体电源驱动DBDPA产生放电等离子体。分别应用Lissajous图形分析方法和量热学原理获得了DBDPA的放电功率特性和热功率特性。结果表明:①脉冲介质阻挡放等离子体的放电功率、热功率和热效率均随着激励电压峰-峰值和激励频率的升高而逐渐增大;②脉冲介质阻挡放电等离子体的放电功率和热功率与激励电压和激励频率之间均存在幂函数关系,即脉冲式介质阻挡放电等离子的放电功率正比于激励电压峰-峰值的1.75次方,正比于激励频率的1次方,其热功率正比于激励电压峰-峰值的5.0次方,正比于激励频率的1.5次方;③在激励电压和激励频率这两个参数中,优先选择提高激励电压峰-峰值更有利于提高热效率,也可更快地提升介质阻挡放电等离子热功率中气体加热功率的比例。      

Peculiarities of the control actuator development on the basis of combined electromechanical modules

The peculiarities of developing the control actuators on the basis of combined electromechanical modules are examined. A technique of calculating and designing the power contour of the control actuator for different purposes in the form of electromechanical module, is presented.     

变刚度柔顺驱动器及其在能量辅助骨骼服中的应用

能量辅助骨骼服是一种典型的人机交互系统,用于辅助人体进行能量放大,已经成为近十年来国内外研究的热点,但目前在骨骼服的安全性、能量效率和辅助效率等方面研究普遍不足。文章综合归纳了柔顺驱动器和变刚度柔顺驱动器的一些基本概念,分析了几种变刚度柔顺驱动器的特点及应用,并得到结论：变刚度柔顺驱动器具有最大限度的吸收冲击力、安全地与用户交互、内置被动弹性元fl=9,而具有储存和释放能量的能力等特点。因此,在骨骼服系统中,应用变刚度柔顺驱动器已成为骨骼服发展的必然趋势。最后,指出了变刚度柔顺驱动器在骨骼服应用中的研究方向。     

电流变柔性微致动器驱动电源的研究

针对电流变柔性微致动器所用的驱动电源,在理论上探讨了采用交流或直流供电方式的特点,并以此为基础设计了驱动电源的电路结构,然后针对驱动电源的关键技术做了分析,提出了稳定性补偿方案并进行了试验研究。试验结果表明电流变微致动器的分布电容对驱动电源的动态响应有很大影响。     

基于TMS 320F28069的无人机舵系统控制器设计与实现

本文设计并实现了一种基于TMS 320F28069的小型无人机舵系统控制器。取消了原机舵系统的模拟通讯方式,改用RS485接口与飞控计算机进行通讯。在分析舵系统工作原理基础上,基于TMS 320F28069控制精度高、功耗低、外设丰富的优点,进行了软、硬件结构的模块化设计。实验表明,本文设计的控制器可靠性强、稳定性好、控制精度高,可以消除外界干扰对舵系统的影响。     

Model of influence of power line elements on power efficiency of mechatronic modules for advanced mobile objects

The paper describes the influence of power line elements on the power supply output for mechatronic modules. The weight-size parameters for advanced actuators of control systems of aircraft mechatronic modules can be determined by the amount of power consumed by each element of the actuator.     

Recent developments in thermal characteristics of surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators driven by sinusoidal high-voltage power

Flow control using surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge(DBD) plasma actuators driven by a sinusoidal alternating-current power supply has gained significant attention from the aeronautic industry. The induced flow field of the plasma actuator, with the starting vortex in the wall jet,plays an important role in flow control. However, the energy consumed for producing the induced flow field is only a small fraction of the total energy utilized by the plasma actuator, and most of the total energy i...     

Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Various Plasma Actuator Configurations on Lift and Drag Coefficients of a Circular Cylinder Including the Effects of Electrodes

In this paper, the effects of the existence of plasma actuator electrodes and also various configurations of the actuator for controlling the flow field around a circular cylinder are experimentally investigated. The cylinder is made of PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) and considered as a dielectric barrier. Two electrodes are flush-mounted on the surface of the cylinder and are connected to a DC high voltage power supply for generation of electrical discharge. Pressure distribution results show that the existence of the electrodes and also the plasma are able to change the pressure distribution around the cylinder and consequently the lift and drag coefficients. It is found that the effect of the existence of the electrodes is comparable with the effect of plasma actuator in controlling the flow field around the cylinder and this effect is not reported by other researchers. Eventually it is concluded that the existence of the electrodes or any extra objects on the cylinder and also the existence of the plasma are capable of changing the flow field structure around the cylinder so that the behavior of the lift and drag coefficients of the cylinder will be changed significantly.     

Numerical investigation of aerodynamic flow actuation produced by surface plasma actuator on 2D oscillating airfoil

Numerical simulation of unsteady flow control over an oscillating NACA0012 airfoil is investigated. Flow actuation of a turbulent flow over the airfoil is provided by low current DC surface glow discharge plasma actuator which is analytically modeled as an ion pressure force produced in the cathode sheath region. The modeled plasma actuator has an induced pressure force of about 2 k Pa under a typical experiment condition and is placed on the airfoil surface at 0% chord length and/or at 10% chord length. The plasma actuator at deep-stall angles(from 5° to 25°) is able to slightly delay a dynamic stall and to weaken a pressure fluctuation in down-stroke motion. As a result, the wake region is reduced. The actuation effect varies with different plasma pulse frequencies, actuator locations and reduced frequencies. A lift coefficient can increase up to 70% by a selective operation of the plasma actuator with various plasma frequencies and locations as the angle of attack changes. Active flow control which is a key advantageous feature of the plasma actuator reveals that a dynamic stall phenomenon can be controlled by the surface plasma actuator with less power consumption if a careful control scheme of the plasma actuator is employed with the optimized plasma pulse frequency and actuator location corresponding to a dynamic change in reduced frequency.     

Experimental characteristics of a two-electrode plasma synthetic jet actuator array in serial

Plasma Synthetic Jet (PSJ) actuators have shown wide and promising application prospects in high-speed flow control, due to their advantages including high exhaust speed, wide frequency band, rapid response, and non-moving components. Although previous studies on PSJ actuators are abundant, most of them have focused on the performance of a single actuator. However, in practice, an actuator array is very necessary for large-scale aerodynamic actuation on account of the small affected area of a single PSJ. In this paper, the characteristics of a two-electrode plasma synthetic jet actuator array in serial are investigated experimentally. Compared to a parallel actuator array, the serial actuator array requires simpler power supply design and is much easier to realize. High-speed photography of the discharge evolution, voltage-current measurement, and shadowgraphy visualization are used in the investigation. Experimental results show that, for the serial actuator array, weak discharges happen firstly between energized and suspending electrodes, and then a strong pulse arc discharge is triggered. The breakdown voltage in serial is irrelevant to such factors as the number of actuators, the maximum or minimum gap in serial, the connection sequence, etc. It is mainly determined by the sum of gaps. For serial actuators with the same anode-to-cathode spacing, the energy deposition is the same, and the jet is synchronous and similar. Because of the entrainment and merging of adjacent jet vortices, the jet front speed of an aligned synchronous jet array increases as the orifice distance decreases. To achieve the highest jet front velocity, the orifice of the actuator has an optimal diameter.     

Flow field generated by a dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator in quiescent air at initiation stage

A single Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuator driven by Alternating Current (AC) power, capable of inducing a starting vortex and a wall jet in quiescent air, is suited for low-Reynolds-number flow control. However, the starting vortex and the wall jet are usually observed after the plasma actuator has been operated for dozens of and hundreds of cycles of the voltage, respectively. The detail of the induced flow field at the initiation stage of the plasma actuator has rarely been addressed. At the initiation stage, a thin jet that provides the impetus for the entrainment of the induced flow at the beginning of the plasma actuation is first observed by using a high-accuracy phase-lock Schlieren technique and a high-speed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system. This is the initial form of the momentum transfer from the plasma to the fluid. Then, an arched type jet is created by the plasma actuator. In addition, the whole development process of the induced flow field from the starting point of the thin jet to the quasi-steady stage of wall jet is presented for providing a comprehensive understanding of the plasma actuator and proposing a relevant enhancement of the numerical simulation model.     

一种低速连续旋转SMA电机的设计与试验

利用形状记忆合金(SMA)的记忆特性设计了一种低转速,可连续旋转的电机;利用Liang-Rog-er本构模型进行了SMA-弹簧的旋转位移驱动器的设计以及电机扭矩和转速的设计;完成了SMA电机的机械结构设计;完成了控制规律设计;进行了性能试验.研究结果表明,在试验温度27℃下,用6 V恒压电源驱动的SMA电机实现了连续旋转,转速为0.03 rad/min.SMA电机转速低,扭矩大,功率密度高,可连续旋转,有很大的工程应用潜力.      

椭圆微驱动电火花加工装置中电极运动的微机控制

为实现椭圆微驱动器的最佳频率响应，需准确调整压电元件驱动源的频率，为此设计了用MCS51单片机控制的电极运动驱动电路。     

Analysis of the dynamic performance of an electro-hydrostatic actuator and improvement methods

As a kind of actuation mechanism for power-by-wire (PBW) actuation systems of more/all electrical aircraft, an electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) is a highly integrated local hydraulic actuation system. It is a volume control system consisting of a motor, a pump, an actuator, etc., which has features of high efficiency and reliability. However, the poor dynamic characteristic is one of the main factors restricting its wide application in aircraft. In this paper, the reason for the poor dynamic characteristic of an EHA is revealed from the perspectives of the natural frequency characteristic and the power requirement, respectively. In other words, the insufficiency of the motor output power at a high frequency is the main factor causing the poor dynamic characteristic of the system, and methods which include increasing the maximum output torque of the motor, reducing the rotational inertia of the motor-pump group, and adopting a double-motor-pump group configuration are proposed in this paper, by which the dynamic characteristic of the system can be improved. The feasibility of those methods are verified by simulations. Finally, the dynamic characteristic is tested on an EHA prototype, and results show that saturation of the output torque of the motor is the main factor restricting the dynamic characteristic of the EHA system.     

Inverted decoupling and LMI-based controller design for a turboprop engine with actuator dynamics

The main objective of the turboprop engine control system is to ensure propeller absorbed power at a constant propeller speed by controlling fuel flow and blade angle. Since each input variable affects the selected output variables, there exist strong interactions between different control loops of a Two-Spool TurboProp Engine (TSTPE). Inverted decoupling is used to decouple the interactions and decompose the TSTPE into two independent single-input single-output systems. The multi-variable PI controller and two single-variable PI controllers are designed for the TSTPE with actuator dynamics based on Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI), respectively, which is derived from static output feedback and pole placement condition. The step responses show that due to the difference in the response times of the selected output variables, it is difficult to design an appropriate multi-variable PI controller. The designed single-variable PI controllers are tested on the TSTPE integrated model to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, that is, the interactions are first decoupled and then the controllers are designed, and the resulting simulated responses show that compared with the controller designed without actuator dynamics, the gas-generator shaft speed and power turbine shaft speed can better track their respective commands under the action of the controller designed with actuator dynamics.     

等离子体激励器控制平板边界层转捩实验研究

在低速射流风洞中,研究了单级介质阻挡放电等离子体激励器对光滑平板边界层转捩位置的控制作用。实验采用热线测量技术,以边界层速度脉动与平均速度型作为转捩判据。实验发现,在来流速度为15 m/s,激励器连续放电参数为输出电压峰峰值11 kV,频率4.7 kHz时,在激励器放电作用下,平板边界层转捩位置推迟约40 mm。在相同的来流条件和激励器布局下,研究了不同放电参数对边界层内速度型,速度脉动以及频谱分布的影响,发现提高放电电压、频率和占空比能进一步推迟转捩。实验结果表明:激励器产生的射流效应可以增强边界层流动的稳定性,随放电电压、频率以及占空比增强,射流能量增大,因此边界层稳定性进一步加强,转捩控制效果也更明显。     

等离子体激励抑制喷管分离流动数值模拟

为研究等离子体激励器对喷管分离流动的抑制作用,运用了模拟等离子体激励作用效果的唯象学模型,数值模拟研究了交流介质阻挡放电等离子体和电弧放电等离子体对喷管分离流动的抑制效果,并探究了电弧放电等离子体不同放电热功率密度、不同放电位置对抑制效果的影响。结果表明：电弧放电等离子体在抑制喷管分离流动方面有更好的效果。当电弧放电等离子体激励器作用于激波与边界层相互作用区的上游时,对分离流动的抑制效果最好;当电弧放电热功率密度较小时,其产生的诱导射流速度很小且不易对分离区的流线产生影响;当电弧放电热功率密度为8×10¹⁰ W/m³时,喷管的分离回流区完全消失。     

火花型合成射流激励器流动特性及其激励参数数值研究

利用能量方程中的源项模拟电火花能量的输入,数值模拟了火花型合成射流激励器的流场,获得了激励器的能量蓄积、喷射和吸入过程.结果表明:电火花瞬间能量的输入产生了腔体内的高温、高压环境,从而诱发合成射流的形成;在周期性激励下,合成射流在3个周期后稳定,喷口处的速度呈现非正弦的周期性变化,射流喷射过程时间极短,吸入外界环境气体...     

基于SOC的多轴稳定系统回路控制

围绕基于多通道信号处理与控制SOC芯片实现惯性平台系统典型控制回路,进行了设计方法、流程及最终实现结果的阐述.首先,依据平台系统的要求制定系统工作流程;之后根据硬件资源进行各工作流程的分配和调整;再进行数据采集处理、算法实现、过程数据处理、PWM输出处理、其他输出量处理;最终通过功率级将电信号传输给平台上的执行元件,实现平台系统四条典型控制回路.此方法能够适应多种算法和系统需求,可实现自主化、小型化,且功耗小、可靠性高.