OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF HELICOPTER FOR PRELIMINARY PARAMETERS

ＯＰＴＩＭＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＤＥＳＩＧＮＯＦＨＥＬＩＣＯＰＴＥＲＦＯＲＰＲＥＬＩＭＩＮＡＲＹＰＡＲＡＭＥＴＥＲＳＧｕｏＣａｉｇｅｎ（ＴｈｅＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＨｅｌｉｃｏｐｔｅｒＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏ...     

直升机总体参数优化设计

根据直升机的飞行性能、稳定性、发动机和重量的要求,建立优化的分析模型,应用计算机和最优化技术求解,得到满足直升机设计准则的最佳总体设计方案。本方法也可用于对已有型号的总体参数分析和参数敏感性分析。通过算例和新机设计中的应用表明,本方法对直升机总体参数选择是行之有效的。     

基于弹簧质量模型的复合材料螺接修理载荷传递计算方法

复合材料螺接修理具有操作简便,对连接件表面处理的要求不高,施工快速、性能可靠等优点,在复合材料的临时修理、尤其是战伤修理中应用较为广泛。然而其修理设计过程较为复杂,难以满足工程快速定参的需要。在螺接接头弹簧质量模型的基础上,针对蒙皮和补片等宽的情况,提出了一种复合材料螺接修理结构载荷传递比例计算方法。通过引入载荷按刚度分配的原则对模型进行修正,将模型进一步推广到蒙皮宽度大于补片宽度的情况。然后讨论了模型中不同弹簧刚度的计算方法。给出了采用细观力学方法以及均匀化方法等计算含损伤蒙皮等效刚度的计算方法,推导得到了规则排列多列螺栓连接中各排螺栓等效刚度的计算方法,并证明该刚度满足叠加原理。最后,以含圆形损伤孔的复合材料蒙皮板的螺接修理问题为例,对模型进行了考核,并与有限元法（FEM）预测结果进行了对比。结果表明：模型预测结果与有限元结果吻合较好,预测误差最大为7.7%。采用该模型可以高效、准确地实现复合材料螺接修理的分析设计。     

Direct Intercept Guidance using Differential Geometry Concepts

This paper examines the application of differential geometry to the engagement of both nonmanoeuvring and manoeuvring targets. The kinematics of the engagement for both manoeuvring and nonmanoeuvring target are developed and expressed in differential geometric terms. Two-dimensional geometry is then used to determine the intercept conditions for a straight line target and a constant manoeuvre target. The intercept conditions for both targets are developed for the case when the interceptor missile guides onto a straight line interception. These two cases are shown to have a common set of core conditions such that it enables a unified guidance law to be developed. The guidance law is shown to be globally stable using Lyapunov theory, so that guidance capture is assured for any initial condition. The analysis and guidance law design does not rely on local linearisation and can be shown to produce guidance trajectories that mirror proportional navigation for the straight line interception of a nonmanoeuvring target for which proportional navigation was originally developed. The paper finishes with simulation in two dimensions, illustrating the convergence and solution properties of the approach.     

Principles and methods for determining calendar life and corrosion tolerance of mechanical parts

In order to facilitate the determination of the calendar life of mechanical parts, the author summarized his relevant research papers that had studied for many years as eight distinct topics: (A). The principle and method for compiling the equal-damage temperature and humidity spectrum; (B). The principle for preparing the high concentration medium solution; (C). The principle and method for determining the metal calendar life; (D). The principle and method for determining the protective coating calendar life; (E). The principle and method for determining the total calendar life; (F). The principle of the reliability processing; (G). The principle and method for determining the corrosion damage tolerance; (H). The principle and matching design method to ensure that the total fatigue life and the total calendar life of the mechanical part were safe simultaneously. The above contents established a complete set of theoretical systems and methods for determining the calendar life.     

An innovative approach for integrated airline network and aircraft family optimization

The determination of optimal aerial transport networks and their associated flight frequencies is crucial for the strategic planning of airlines, as well as for carrying out market research, to establish target markets, and for aircraft and crew rostering. In addition, optimum airplane types for the selected networks are crucial to improve revenue and to provide reduced operating costs. The present study proposes an innovative approach to determine the optimal aerial transport network simultaneously with the determination of the optimum fleet for that network, composed of three types of airplanes (network and vehicle integrated design). The network profit is maximized. The passenger’s demands between the airports are determined via a gravitational model. An embedded linear programming solution is responsible for obtaining potential optimal network configurations. The optimum fleet combination is determined from a database of candidate aircraft designs via genetic algorithm. A truly realistic airplane representation is made possible thanks to accurate surrogate models for engine and aerodynamics is adopted. An accurate engine deck encompassing a compression map and an innovative engine weight calculation besides an aerodynamical artificial neural network module enable a high degree of accuracy for the mission analysis. The proposed methodology is applied to obtain the optimum network comprised of twenty main Brazilian airports and corresponding fleet.     

Next generation GPS-aided space navigation systems

The next generation of low cost Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for space navigation and attitude determination are positioned to take full advantage of the improvements made in the commercial GPS receivers used for terrestrial applications. There have been recent improvements made to the GPS receivers that include the addition of extra GPS satellite channels that can be tracked simultaneously. The older style GPS receivers were only able to handle five channels at a time. In order for proper determination of three-dimensional position, a minimum of four channels was required and the fifth channel of the receiver was reserved to perform search functions for finding the next satellite. This included searching for satellites that could be used to replace exiting satellites moving out of the Field of View (FOV). The search function also enables the GPS receiver to search for the best constellation for maximum performance accuracy. The fifth roaming channel also provided a best next-satellite selection capability in case the field of view to one of the satellites was blocked or shaded.     

韦氏硬度计算公式分析及铝合金标准韦氏硬度块设计

研制数字式铝合金韦氏硬度计,必须依据正确的韦氏硬度计算公式,并采用适合的铝合金韦氏标准硬度块进行校准与标定。本文依据实验结果指出了目前使用的韦氏硬度计算公式和铝合金韦氏标准硬度块存在的差错和缺陷,提出了新的韦氏硬度计算公式,并设计和制造了新的铝合金韦氏标准硬度块。以上成果已经成功应用于数字式铝合金韦氏硬度计的研制。     

Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer experiment

The Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer (GPMS) is a Probe instrument designed to measure the chemical and isotopic composition including vertical variations of the constituents in the atmosphere of Jupiter. The measurement will be performed by in situ sampling of the ambient atmosphere in the pressure range from approximately 150 mbar to 20 bar. In addition batch sampling will be performed for noble gas composition measurement and isotopic ratio determination and for sensitivity enhancement of non-reactive trace gases.The instrument consists of a gas sampling system which is connected to a quadrupole mass analyzer for molecular weight analysis. In addition two sample enrichment cells and one noble gas analysis cell are part of the sampling system. The mass range of the quadrupole analyzer is from 2 amu to 150 amu. The maximum dynamic range is 10⁸. The detector threshold ranges from 10 ppmv for H₂O to 1 ppbv for Kr and Xe. It is dependent on instrument background and ambient gas composition because of spectral interference. The threshold values are lowered through sample enrichment by a factor of 100 to 500 for stable hydrocarbons and by a factor of 10 for noble gases. The gas sampling system and the mass analyzer are sealed and evacuated until the measurement sequence is initiated after the Probe enters into the atmosphere of Jupiter. The instrument weighs 13.2 kg and the average power consumption is 13 W.The instrument follows a sampling sequence of 8192 steps and a sampling rate of two steps per second. The measurement period lasts appropriately 60 min through the nominal pressure and altitude range.     

基于Volterra的ADC校正技术研究

模拟数字转换器（ADC）是信号处理中非常重要的器件,而其非线性误差会影响系统的精度和效率。基于Volterra泛级数方法对ADC的非线性进行建模,并研究了一种基于Volterral滤波器的ADC后向校正技术。通过最小二乘法预估Volterra核函数,利用多项式分层解法实现volterra滤波器,利用matlab软件将volterra滤波器对ADC的非线性进行校正。仿真结果表明方法适用于对ADC中的非线性进行校正。     

推进网络建设 加强应用工作

计算机网络是计算机应用的支撑。洪都航空工业集团公司的计算机地计算机网络发展不断提出新的需求，推动了公司网络建设的发展。本文介绍了公司计算机网络建设的几个阶段。公司现已建成的网络为公司的计算机应用、公司信息化建设提供了良好的环境。同时提出了加强计算机应用工作的几点建议。     

Power Conditioning Systems for High-Power, Airborne, Pulsed Applications

The power conditioning portion of the high-power study that was performed for the Air Force Aeropropulsion Laboratory by the State University of New York at Buffalo is summarized. This effort defines the power conditioning system and critical component developments which will be required to interface the airborne 10-MW to 50-MW sources defined under separate study efforts with certain loads. Power conditioning systems are considered for use with magnetohydrodynamic generators and turbine driven alternators, both conventional and superconducting. The critical components required for each of the power conditioning systems are identified and then analyzed. The component analyses include estimations of development efforts necessary and of specific weights and volumes for components. The primary components considered are transformers (for alternator as well as for inverter use), switches, capacitors, and inductors. Weight algorithms are developed for each of the components. Following the component analyses, subsystems such as inverters and rectifier and filter packages are considered. The data for the various components and subsystems are then utilized for a comparison of the power conditioning techniques to be used with the various power sources. The weights and volumes of power conditioning systems for 8-point designs (8 variations of power, voltage, duty cycle, and total run time) are derived.     

我国农村家庭养老面临的困境与对策

我国现阶段农村养老仍以家庭养老为主,但由于孝道淡化、农村家庭结构的变化以及老年人在家庭中的经济地位逐步下降等原因,农村传统的家庭养老方式受到了严重挑战。由于农村社会养老保险进展缓慢,农村家庭养老还具有不可替代性。完善农村家庭养老,应重点解决好以下几个方面的问题:(1)重整孝道,巩固传统家庭养老的主渠道地位,从道德和法制两方面入手,使家庭养老由传统的道德软约束转变成法律、制度的刚性约束。(2)加快农村经济的发展,增加农民收入,提高农村家庭养老的经济支撑力。(3)建立和完善农村社会养老保障体系,一方面建立农村最低生活保障制度和医疗保障制度,另一方面,实施农村强制养老保险。(4)大力开展农村社区养老服务体系建设以及通过制度建设促进和改善农村家庭养老。     

民航行李X光安检图像自适应小波去噪算法

对X光安检图像进行去噪处理可以更清楚地显示出危险物。针对传统小波软硬阈值去噪方法的缺陷．给出了一种自适应阈值的去噪方法,在此方法中,首先进行软硬阈值的折中处理,然后分别对大于和小于阈值的两部分进行自适应处理。利用Tennessee大学提供的实际采集的X光安栓图像进行实验,结果表明该方法能有效地去除安检图像中的噪声,图像去噪后的信噪比、峰值信噪比分别是25．2229dB、27．708dB．与含噪图像相比分别增加了7．7253dB和7．739dB。因此该方法表现出较高的去噪性能。     

弹体头部形状与弹翼位置对弹翼涡破裂位置的影响

1.引言 近代战斗机和战术导弹,为获得高机动性能,一般均在大迎用下飞行.众所周知弹翼涡的破裂对大迎角导弹气动特性有着重要影响.因此影响涡破裂的因素是设计部门极为关     

Computational prediction of airfoil dynamic stall

The term dynamic stall refers to unsteady flow separation occurring on aerodynamic bodies, such as airfoils and wings, which execute an unsteady motion. The prediction of dynamic stall is important for flight vehicle, turbomachinery, and wind turbine applications. Due to the complicated flow physics of the dynamic stall phenomenon the industry has been forced to use empirical methods for its prediction. However, recent progress in computational methods and the tremendous increase in computing power has made possible the use of the full fluid dynamic governing equations for dynamic stall investigation and prediction in the design process. It is the objective of this review to present the major approaches and results obtained in recent years and to point out existing deficiencies and possibilities for improvements. To this end, potential flow, boundary layer, viscous–inviscid interaction, and Navier–Stokes methods are described. The most commonly used numerical schemes for their solution are briefly described. Turbulence models used for the computation of high Reynolds number turbulent flows, which are of primary interest to industry, are presented. The impact of transition from laminar to turbulent flow on the dynamic stall phenomenon is discussed and currently available methods for its prediction are summarized. The main computational results obtained for airfoil and wing dynamic stall and comparisons with available experimental measurements are presented. The review concludes with a discussion of existing deficiencies and possibilities for future improvements.     

DD3 单晶粘塑性损伤本构模型研究

介绍了建立DD3单晶高温合金本构模型的理论和过程,详细推导了DD3单晶损伤演化方程,简要分析了模型的组成和特点。简单讨论了模型材料常数的标定方法,具体标定了950℃下的模型材料常数。给出了模型的预测结果和试验结果的对比曲线,从中看出,该模型能够较准确地描述DD3单晶的力学行为特点,可望用于单晶叶片的结构分析。     

基于PH曲线的数控拐角过渡方法

 为了减弱轨迹拐角处的向心加速度变化给加工带来的不利影响,使用五次PH曲线进行拐角过渡,在控制加工速度的同时对向心加速度进行控制。通过对拐角处连接情况的分析,确定了连接PH曲线中的参数计算方法。在拐角前后使用S加减速进行加工,以保证直线、圆弧轨迹加工中的平稳;在拐角连接区域内使用基于曲率的速度模型,通过对拐角前后S加减速和拐角速度的连接,使拐角前后的速度更加连续,得到平滑的速度曲线;通过拐角处的加速度和弓高误差的限制,计算平稳的加工速度。结果表明,使用五次PH曲线进行拐角过渡的误差小于7.4 μm,能够满足加工需要,同时,拐角处的向心加速度变化更加平稳。将拐角前后的S加减速和拐角区域内速度连接后,得到了平滑的速度曲线。     

扩压段对高超声速推进风洞起动的影响

高超声速推进风洞是进行超燃冲压发动机模型地面模拟的重要试验设备。其中,扩压段的设计非常重要,它不是孤立的,而与主流系统和引射系统密切相关。通过对不同几何形状的扩压段在不同安装位置进行调试,研究在风洞起动过程中整个系统流动状态的演变规律,探索扩压段的优化设计。实验表明,扩压段应安装在距主喷管较近的位置,并具有与主喷管相匹配的入口面积和形状。扩压段的形状应设计成能使主气流通过一系列斜激波串减速的通道。扩压段应具有一定的长度以保证主气流减速到一定程度。     

Fast Algorithms for Time Domain Broadband Adaptive Array Processing

Recursive algorithms are presented for time domain, broadband, adaptive beamforming. The algorithms are rapidly converging and can be computationally efficient for a certain range of array processor parameters. The algorithms are presented for two forms of array processor. One form is a Frost-type structure in which explicit constraints are required for defining the array-look direction and also to control the sensitivity of the array processor to implementation errors. The other form is a partitioned array processor in which constraints are built into the processor and the adaptive weight control algorithm is therefore unconstrained. The two processors presented are both element-space processors but the algorithms can be applied also to beam-space processors.