加大改革力度,建立有效机制,为把南航建设成第一流科技大学而奋斗

 今年10月20日是南京航空学院建校40周年纪念日。40年来南航已培养了三万多名高级科技人才,完成了千余项重要科研成果,研制成功无人驾驶飞机、直升机及轻型飞机,为国防现代化及经济建设作出了重大贡献。学院现有6000余名学生,3000余名教职工。有15个系、部,29个专业,22个硕士点,10个博士点,3个国家重点学科,3个博士后流动站;已形成了既是教育中心,又是科研中心的完整体系。今后南航将进一步解放思想,强化竞争意识,主动适应经济建设和社会发展的需要,建立人才培养、科学研究和产业开发的新机制,在教育的数量、质量、结构、效益等方面再上一个新台阶,把南航建设成为一所具有航空航天特色、在国内外有广泛影响的第一流的全国重点科技大学。     

带集中非线性的机翼气动弹性问题研究进展

带集中非线性环节的机翼非线性气动弹性问题是飞行器气动弹性研究领域的热点和难点。经过近几十年来的不断发展,这类机翼非线性气动弹性问题的研究已经取得了长足的进步,同时也面临着新的挑战。鉴于此,综述了近年来带集中非线性环节的机翼非线性气动弹性问题的研究进展,阐述了带集中非线性的机翼气动弹性分析的建模方法、分析方法及非线性气动弹性稳定性和响应行为的规律,并讨论和总结了相关的研究成果,对今后机翼非线性气动弹性问题的分析方法和研究内容提出了展望。     

美国教育资金渠道与管理体制

对美国教育资金来源渠道和管理体制加以介绍，以作者在美国见闻和感受，详细介绍了美国教育的地方管理、校区划分、融资渠道、资金使用与管理体制诸方面的真实情况，通过对美国教育资金管理的实地考察，对我国目前舆论界所关注的教育产业化问题提出了质疑。     

A review of aerial manipulation of small-scale rotorcraft unmanned robotic systems

Small-scale rotorcraft unmanned robotic systems(SRURSs) are a kind of unmanned rotorcraft with manipulating devices. This review aims to provide an overview on aerial manipulation of SRURSs nowadays and promote relative research in the future. In the past decade, aerial manipulation of SRURSs has attracted the interest of researchers globally. This paper provides a literature review of the last 10 years(2008–2017) on SRURSs, and details achievements and challenges. Firstly, the definition, current state, development, classification, and challenges of SRURSs are introduced. Then, related papers are organized into two topical categories: mechanical structure design, and modeling and control. Following this, research groups involved in SRURS research and their major achievements are summarized and classified in the form of tables. The research groups are introduced in detail from seven parts. Finally, trends and challenges are compiled and presented to serve as a resource for researchers interested in aerial manipulation of SRURSs. The problem,trends, and challenges are described from three aspects. Conclusions of the paper are presented,and the future of SRURSs is discussed to enable further research interests.     

大型飞机增升装置气动机构一体化设计技术进展

增升装置设计作为大型客机设计的关键技术之一,其设计水平的提升将极大提高飞机的整体性能。虽然先进增升装置方案朝着简单形式发展,但其设计目标将结合气动、机构、结构、噪声等复杂考虑因素,以达到最优的综合性能和提高飞行的安全性、经济性和舒适性,是个高难度多学科多约束耦合的设计问题。结合气动优化、机构设计、一体化研究等多方面增升装置设计难点进行论述,并提出相应解决方案,最终完成气动/机构一体化设计。分别回顾了干净构型到巡航构型的外形设计方法;起降构型的气动评估、优化方法;增升装置位置表达方法和机构设计研究现状。最后阐述了气动/机构一体化设计方法的思想,总结了国内外在该方向所进行的研究和取得的成果。     

钛/铝异质金属搅拌摩擦焊技术研究进展

钛合金和铝合金均具有质轻、比强度高和抗腐蚀性能好等优点,已广泛应用于航空航天、军事工业和公共交通等领域,钛/铝异种金属复合结构的连接逐渐成为研究热点。然而,由于物理和化学性能差异明显,钛/铝焊接难度大,存在成形困难、接头性能较差等问题。搅拌摩擦焊作为一种固相焊接方法,对克服异种材料性能差异带来的焊接困难具有极大的优势。本文综述了钛/铝异质金属搅拌摩擦焊的研究现状,主要涉及焊缝成形、焊接参数、力学特征、冶金结合和连接机制等,以及衍生的搅拌摩擦焊新技术,为钛/铝异质金属结构的轻量化设计提供新思路,并对其未来发展进行了展望。     

Overview of Nighttime Ionospheric Instabilities at Low- and Mid-Latitudes: Coupling Aspects Resulting in Structuring at the Mesoscale

We present a review of the current state of understanding regarding two classes of irregularities causing mesoscale structuring (hundreds of kilometers) in the nighttime ionosphere at low- and mid-latitudes. Additionally, current state of understanding of equatorial plasma bubbles at low latitudes, and medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances at mid latitudes and their relationship to possible seeding from lower altitudes are described. In each case, well-developed linear theories exist to explain the general properties of the irregularities. However, these linear theories have growth rates too low to explain the actual observations, giving rise to the need to invoke seeding mechanisms. We describe the observational databases that have been compiled over the decades and discuss possible coupling and seeding mechanisms that would overcome the low growth rate and explain the observed structuring at the mesoscale. Future research directions are also briefly discussed.     

复合材料加筋板后屈曲设计技术欧盟研究综述

为了保持竞争力,欧洲的飞机工业要求降低开发和使用成本,短期和长期分别降低20%和50%。为了实现这一目标,欧盟在框架计划下支持了一系列复合材料加筋结构后屈曲技术相关的研究项目。飞机复合材料加筋板具有较强的后屈曲承载能力,在飞机设计中可大幅提高结构的承载效率。本文介绍了欧盟在该领域的发展概况,从项目背景、目标、开展的工作、分析方法以及研究成果等方面阐述了欧盟在第五、第六和第七框架及其他项目下支持的复合材料加筋结构后屈曲设计分析技术相关研究项目,并分析了该领域技术的发展趋势及带来的启示。     

微纳米压痕测试技术:发展与应用

近年来,具有高精度、高通量的微纳米压痕测试技术,已被广泛应用于研究微/纳米尺度下材料力学性能演化规律和变形行为中。然而,在航空航天材料试验测试领域,令研究人员更感兴趣的往往是如何更好地揭示材料工程性能,更好地理解材料在服役环境下变形损伤机制。因此,接近材料真实服役环境（如高/低温、电/磁场）下的微纳米压痕测试系统更具应用潜力。首先对传统的微纳米压痕测试技术进行回顾总结,涉及测试系统的组成、经典分析理论方法及其面临的尺度/尺寸效应。然后,简要描述典型磁电弹性材料在力-电-热-磁多场耦合环境下接触力学行为的解析模型,并着重阐述面向材料实际服役环境下的压痕测试技术的典型应用,包括高/低温纳米压痕测试和电/磁场耦合条件下的纳米压痕测试应用。最后,讨论了目前发展所面临的主要问题和挑战,这对微纳米压痕测试技术的进一步发展和先进应用具有重要意义。     

Vertical test integration

Today, most every weapon system is electronics intensive. Digital computers are at the core of military aircraft, ship, and vehicle weapons systems. Indeed, each weapon system's performance is largely determined by its digital computers and other electronics. This electronics dependency is necessary in order to provide the speed, functional compliance, and accuracy to achieve the required weapon system performance. Historically, test systems required for the various maintenance levels and also at the manufacturing site have each been uniquely developed, employed, and sustained for only one area of weapon system electronics support. There are a number of reasons for this situation including different organizations responsible for the levels of support, different funding sources, timing limitations, and technical feasibility. In recent years, however, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) advances in measurement and stimulation hardware, personal computers, Windows operating systems, flexible test programming languages, and more, have made it technically feasible to develop a family of test systems that provide common weapon system electronics support at all levels. Some use the phrase Vertical Test Integration to describe this concept of factory/field/depot integration     

公仆型领导与下属反生产行为关系的实证研究

自从公仆型领导(Servant leadership)由Greenleaf(1977)提出后,逐渐成为领导学研究中的前沿研究领域,为研究领导有效性问题提供全新视角,但国内学术界有关公仆型领导的研究文献却凤毛麟角,特别是实证研究极其少见。文章研究探讨公仆型领导对下属反生产行为的作用机制,并引入领导—下属关系质量作为二者的中介变量,下属工作丰富度作为调节变量,研究课题具有一定的前瞻性。通过对长沙、深圳、北京、广州这四个城市的一些企业进行调查,收集273份有效问卷,使用SPSS 17.0和AMOS 7.0统计软件,通过基本描述性统计、信度分析、相关分析、回归分析、验证性因素分析、结构方程模型等,主要研究结论有:(1)公仆型领导与下属反生产行为显著负相关,公仆型领导对下属反生产行为有显著预测作用;公仆型领导与下属破坏物品显著负相关,公仆型领导对下属破坏物品行为有显著预测作用。(2)领导—下属关系质量在公仆型领导与下属反生产行为之间存在着中介作用。(3)下属工作丰富度在公仆型领导与下属反生产行为之间并不存在着调节作用。     

Overview of current design and analysis of potential theories for automated fibre placement mechanisms

Automated fibre placement(AFP) systems have successfully intensified the demand for high-quality composite component manufacturing in both the military and civilian fields. One of the main elements of these systems is the AFP mechanism for accomplishing individual fibre delivery,clamp/cut/restart(CCR) and the consolidation process, and it consists of several functional submechanisms presenting strong coupling relationships and motion sequences. This review aims to summarize the development of AF...     

镍基粉末高温合金的研究进展

镍基粉末高温合金主要应用于航空航天领域,是高推重比发动机的关键材料.本文综述了近年来国内外镍基粉末高温合金在成分设计、粉末制备、成形、烧结及后续热处理等方面的研究成果和存在的问题,提出了镍基粉末高温合金今后的发展方向.     

星表移动探测机器人研究现状综述

星表移动探测机器人是多学科、高新技术的结晶,用于非结构化环境中的星球表面探测,能有效减轻人类工作强度、保护人身安全以及代替人类完成恶劣环境下的科研探测工作,有着巨大的经济和社会效益。本文对已发射的探测器进行了统计,系统梳理了成功着陆月球、火星的探测机器人的技术参数、结构与机构组成等,综合对比了各国在星表移动探测机器人研制方面的技术状态。结合国内外的研究现状和成果,重点针对星表移动探测机器人移动系统的研究进行了梳理,将星表移动探测机器人从运动形式上划分为轮式、腿式、履带式及其他类型4种形式,对每类机器人的研究进展、技术参数、结构与机构形式、运动形态等进行了系统回顾和详细分析。结合星表移动探测机器人面临的探测任务及发展方向,对星表移动探测机器人未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

高速转子支承阻尼系统动力特性理论研究

在对不平衡响应预测的研究中,用“标准组件”和“形位信息”概念建立了复杂转子不平衡响应的实用计算方法和程序。在挤压油膜阻尼器动力特性的研究中,全面论述了该类阻尼器的稳态特性,瞬态特性和突加不平衡响应特性,并对同心型和非同心型阻尼器方案进行比较,获得非同心型方案比同心型方案有更好的减振效果的结论。依据理论分析和实验经验所提出的挤压油膜阻尼器的设计方法和推荐值,已证明是成功的。     

激光自动跟踪空间坐标测量系统的发展（一）

介绍了近十年来国外在激光跟踪空间坐标动态测量方面的研究成果，它集多种现代先进技术于一体，目前多应用于机器人领域，但应用的前景非常广阔，代表了计量学新的发展方向。下面将介绍球坐标法，三角法，多边法等多种测量方法，讨论单站，多站（双站、三站和四站）的测量原理及系统结构，还分析了各系统可能或已经达到到的精度及优缺点。     

Dynamic analysis of C/C composite finger seal

A seal device as an important component of aeroengines has decisive influence on per- formance, reliability, and working life of aeroengines. With the development of aeroengines, demands on the performance characteristics of seal devices are made strictly. Finger seal as a novel kind of sealing device, recently attracts more and more attentions in academic circles and engineer- ing fields at home and abroad. Research on finger seals has been extensively developed, especially on leakage and wear performances under dynamic conditions. However, it is a pity that the work on finger seals has been limited with a single approach that is improving the performance by structural optimization; in addition, the technology of dynamic analysis on finger seals is weak. Aiming at the problems mentioned above, a distributed mass equivalent dynamic model of finger seals considering the coupling effect of overlaid laminates is established in the present paper, the dynamic perfor- mance of 2.5 dimension C/C composite finger seal is analyzed with the model, and then the effects of fiber bundle density and fiber bundle preparation direction on finger seal＇s dynamic performance are discussed, as well as compared with those of Co-based alloy finger seal. The current work is about dynamic analysis of finger seals and application of C/C composite in this paper may have much academic significance and many engineering values for improving research level of finger seal dynamics and exploring feasibility of C/C composite being used for finger seals.     

JETS - Junior Engineering Technical Society

Junior Engineering Technical Society - JETS - was launched in 1950 after several years of research and preparation, it was designed to provide for the engineering profession what the 4-H clubs provided for agriculture. Initially known as BETS - Better Engineering Talent for Schools - it did not take long to evolve into JETS, the name that has been used to serve the pre-college engineering community for over fifty years. JETS has, however, respected its heritage through its motto: better talent for engineering. JETS is the only academic program at the high school level (Grades 9-12) that focuses completely on developing "real-life" engineering teamwork and necessary engineering problem-solving skills. JETS is working with more than thirty thousand students and their teachers with programs that are in use throughout the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands     

High precision and efficiency robotic milling of complex parts:Challenges,approaches and trends

Due to the advantages of large workspace, low cost and the integrated vision/force sensing, robotic milling has become an important way for machining of complex parts. In recent years,many scholars have studied the problems existing in the applications of robotic milling, and lots of results have been made in the dynamics, pose planning, deformation control etc., which provides theoretical guidance for high precision and high efficiency of robotic milling. From the perspective of complex parts r...     

系留悬浮式风力发电技术的研究进展与展望

风力发电作为清洁能源利用的重要方式,具有无污染、可再生、方便采集等特点,近年来得到快速发展。相对于传统低空风力发电,系留悬浮式风力发电具有容量系数高、发电成本低等优点,拥有更大的开发价值和发展潜力,已有多个国家开展研究并取得一定成果。本文通过对系留悬浮式风力发电技术发展的调研,归纳四种系留悬浮式风力发电技术类型,分析各技术类型的工作原理与特点,总结未来系留悬浮式风力发电需要重点突破的轻质高强系留缆绳设计与制造、高性能囊体复合材料、稳定与智能控制、高效风力发电飞行平台总体设计、便利展开部署五种关键技术,为后续研究提供参考。