基于自适应多点约束逼近的二级结构优化方法研究

 本文对结构优化设计提出了一种二级逼近方法。基于优化过程中所得到的若干点上临界约束函数值及其一阶导数,构造出显式近似函数逼近原约束函数。该近似函数的非线性程度由自适应方法控制,使之在其展开域内接近真实约束函数;由此建立逼近原结构优化问题的第一级显式非线性序列近似问题。为处理其中每个子问题,建立逼近它的第二级序列近似问题,然后采用对偶方法对其求解。算例表明本文方法具有收敛迅速稳定的特点。     

基于灵敏度分析的飞行器稳健设计优化方法

提出了一种基于灵敏度分析的稳健设计优化方法。针对设计变量存在扰动的不确定性问题,在原有优化数学模型上,增加了准则函数和约束函数的灵敏度附加项。采用全局灵敏度方程来计算准则函数及约束函数对设计变量的灵敏度,进而得出新的优化问题数学模型,得到问题的稳健性解。将上述方法应用到轻型飞机的总体设计中,对飞机重量、气动和性能模块进行多目标优化,得出最优解,并与已有的飞机进行对比和分析。     

绝对节点坐标列式实体梁单元建模方法及应用

在多体系统动力学建模方法中,传统非等参梁单元的建模方法主要基于Euler-Bernoulli梁或Timoshenko梁理论,无法准确描述截面变形;而传统绝对节点坐标列式索梁单元虽然能够准确描述截面变形,但需引入额外描述及处理闭锁问题;与上述单元不同,绝对节点坐标列式实体单元可以通过节点坐标直接描述截面变形,避免单元变形带来的闭锁问题。本文在实体单元方法基础上,首次提出了考虑单元连续性条件和黏弹性阻尼模型的绝对节点坐标列式实体梁单元,并使用实体梁单元实现了对多体系统的建模。仿真结果表明,对比传统有限单元及绝对节点坐标列式单元,实体梁单元能够更好地表征柔性梁的非线性特性,满足大变形柔性计算的需求。     

非零压差边界下间隙流动雷诺方程近似解析解

为了获得间隙密封、滑动轴承等的液膜压力分布解析表达式,将间隙流动雷诺方程的解析解表示为特解和通解之和,其中特解表示为周向坐标函数和轴向坐标函数之和,通解表示为周向坐标函数和轴向坐标函数之积,结合分离变量法和非零压差边界条件,推导获得间隙流动雷诺方程的近似解析解。基于近似解析解计算间隙密封的液膜承载力和偏位角等参数,并与采用有限差分法的计算结果对比,其中液膜承载力偏差小于5%,偏位角偏差小于3°,而计算效率提高了数百倍。      

航空发动机结构可靠性优化方法研究

通过采用多项式响应面的近似模型和模拟退火寻优技术．建立了航空发动机结构可靠性优化方法：采用多项式响应面为近似模型构造状态变量和目标函数与设计变量的关系,并采用模拟退火算法对响应面模型进行寻优,通过替代距离目标最远点,重构响应面进行模拟退火寻优。涡轮盘结构可靠性优化分析算例结果表明,涡轮盘结构在满足强度和寿命可靠性约束前...     

叶栅离散伴随气动优化设计

正叶栅气动优化设计是一个具有复杂约束环境的多变量、非线性、多目标优化问题。基于控制理论的气动优化设计方法,因其在求解目标函数对设计变量的梯度时引入了伴随系统,又被称为伴随方法。与传统的梯度求解方法相比,伴随方法的优势在于其梯度的计算量与设计变量数目无关,计算目标函数对所有设计变量的梯度只需计算一次流场和一次伴随场,且伴随方程是线性偏微分方程,远不及流动方程复杂。其中,离散伴随方法因其伴随方程及边界条件     

空间光学遥感器次镜调姿机构多目标优化设计

次镜在轨精密调姿技术是空间光学遥感器关键技术之一。针对用于空间光学遥感器次镜在轨调姿的Hexapod精密调姿平台机构的设计需求,以定位精度和静刚度为准则对其构型进行多目标优化设计。建立了Hexapod平台机构运动学模型,采用快速坐标搜索法分析了Hexapod平台的工作空间;按照次镜调姿机构性能要求,提出了定位精度指标和抗变形指标,并据此建立了以构型参数为变量的优化目标函数,利用遗传算法对两个单目标函数进行了优化;利用加权分配法构造了统一约束目标函数,利用遗传算法对其进行了多目标优化。优化后动平台定位精度提高8.3%,抗变形能力提高62.5%。     

歼击机水平尾翼大轴的优化设计

为了研究歼击机水平尾翼大轴的结构设计,本文采用工程梁理论进行结构建模,将尺寸变量与坐标变量作为两个设计空间中的设计变量,其中,利用近似函数与黄金分割法相结合进行尺寸优化,再使用Nelder-M ead单纯形方法进行几何优化,分别进行交替优化,直至迭代收敛。实际算例的优化结果表明,与传统的经验设计相比,本方法对大轴结构减重效果明显,在工程上是可行的。     

基于多相材料的连续体结构动态轻量化设计方法

为了实现基于多相材料的结构轻量化设计,遵循独立连续映射法,提出了以结构总重最小化为目标和给定特征值为约束的拓扑优化模型。方法采用2类独立拓扑变量实现了单元刚度矩阵、质量矩阵和重量插值。推导了固有特征值和总重量的敏度表达式,通过1阶和2阶泰勒展开得到其近似表达式。对约束函数一次项过滤转换为偏微分方程的求解,消除了棋盘格现象和网格依赖性等数值不稳定性。通过二维数值算例验证了提出方法的可行性和优越性。结果表明,与单相组分材料拓扑优化结构相比,多相材料拓扑优化结构具有更轻的重量。通过附加相邻频率间隔约束或增加高阶频率约束,避免了模态交换现象。     

专家系统在机翼结构布局优化中的应用研究

1.方法原理 一般结构优化仅将离散化后的有限元特征尺寸作为设计变量(例如板杆结构中的杆元横截面积和板元厚度),而其它布局参数(如板、杆元的数目、位置和材料等)在一次上机优化过程中是不变的。当然,可以将元件位置(用节点坐标表示)和元件材料包括进     

广义最优准则法研究

 利用函数的二阶Taylor级数展开,将原问题转化为一系列的近似问题,并基于Kuhn-Tucker条件,直接给出了一种新的设计迭代式。该迭代式被证明是二次收敛的。本文所提方法可同时处理各种不同类型约束的结构优化问题,具有广义最优准则法的意义。在结构优化领域,灵敏度分析是重要的研究内容之一。本文利用广义虚载荷概念,建立了应力、位移响应的一阶和二阶导数计算公式。该导数公式对弹性矩阵未加限制,且适用于元素内应力非常值的元素。 本文处理了具有几何约束、应力约束和位移约束的结构优化设计问题。数值结果表明,此方法的计算效率很高,一般仅需2～3次分析迭代便可达工程所需的精度要求,具有实用价值。     

基于偏置比例导引与凸优化的火箭垂直着陆制导

凸优化由于求解效率高在飞行器轨迹规划和制导中得到广泛研究应用。但是，由于火箭垂直返回制导需要考虑气动力带来的非线性，现有的凸优化求解方法或简单地采取逐次线性化近似凸化最优控制问题，经常出现收敛性问题；或需针对具体问题进行相应的系列凸化剪裁，虽然改善了收敛性，但不同模型的凸化剪裁方法差别很大，通用性较差。为此，将偏置比例导引与凸优化相结合，用以求解存在落角、落速和推力范围约束的火箭垂直返回定点软着陆制导问题。提出的制导方法将该制导问题分解为法向满足落角与落点约束的偏置比例导引，以及切向满足速度与推力约束的凸优化和滚动时域控制制导。在切向制导中，提出利用三次多项式近似飞行轨迹以方便凸优化求解，并建立剩余飞行时间的估算方法以提供给比例导引。仿真结果表明，提出的制导方法能有效满足各种约束，实现火箭精确着陆。与现有的直接采取逐次线性化近似的凸优化方法相比，提出的方法由于将制导进行切向和法向分解，大为简化了凸优化模型，显著提高了求解效率和收敛性。此外，提出的方法无需复杂繁琐的凸化处理，对于一般的推力可控且对末速存在约束的固定终端位置的制导问题皆适用。     

装药几何参数不确定性优化设计

1引言固体火箭发动机装药设计,一般要求在满足发动机内弹道性能和相关约束条件下,选择药型并确定其几何参数,同时综合考虑燃烧室壳体内部绝热层、衬层和人工脱粘层的设计要求。装药设计作为发动机设计的核心,其设计质量很大程度决定了发动机性能优劣。航天飞机固体助推火箭发动     

考虑承载面最大位移约束的结构拓扑优化方法

在实际工程问题中，存在着一类承受分布力载荷作用的工程结构。为了实现此类结构的刚度设计要求，提出限制承载面变形的拓扑优化设计新模型。模型采用KS包络函数对承载面节点位移进行凝聚化处理，并推导了相应的伴随方程和敏度表达式。遵循独立连续映射法建模方式，采用一阶和二阶泰勒展开分别得到约束函数和目标函数的显式表达式。由此将优化问题转换为一系列标准二次规划子问题，采用序列二次规划算法进行高效、稳健求解。通过二维、三维数值算例验证了提出模型的可行性和有效性。结果表明，所提出的列式和相应的优化求解算法能有效控制结构局部区域的最大变形量。     

Convex optimization of asteroid landing trajectories driven by solar radiation pressure

High-area/mass ratio landers driven by Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) have potential applications for future asteroid landing missions. This paper develops a new convex optimization-based method for planning trajectories driven by SRP. A Minimum Landing Error (MLE) control problem is formulated to enable planning SRP-controlled trajectories with different flight times. It is transformed into Second Order Cone Programming (SOCP) successfully by a series of different convexification technologies. A trust region constraint and a modified MLE objective function are used to guarantee the convergence performance of the optimization algorithm. Thereafter, the SRP-driven trajectory optimal control problem is converted equivalently into a sequence of convex optimal control problems that can be solved effectively. A set of numerical simulation results has verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed optimization method.     

Robust control for constant thrust rendezvous under thrust failure

A robust constant thrust rendezvous approach under thrust failure is proposed based on the relative motion dynamic model. Firstly, the design problem is cast into a convex optimization problem by introducing a Lyapunov function subject to linear matrix inequalities. Secondly, the robust controllers satisfying the requirements can be designed by solving this optimization problem.Then, a new algorithm of constant thrust fitting is proposed through the impulse compensation and the fuel consumption under the theoretical continuous thrust and the actual constant thrust is calculated and compared by using the method proposed in this paper. Finally, the proposed method having the advantage of saving fuel is proved and the actual constant thrust switch control laws are obtained through the isochronous interpolation method, meanwhile, an illustrative example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control design method.     

基于凸优化的再入轨迹三维剖面规划方法

可重复使用飞行器一般采用大升阻比气动外形，再入轨迹三维剖面规划方法可充分发挥这类飞行器固有的机动能力。计算量大是制约三维剖面规划应用的难题，为提高计算效率，提出了一种基于凸优化的再入轨迹三维剖面规划方法。首先，分析运动方程特性，利用定义新的控制变量、约束松弛、连续线性化等技术，将原始非凸的三维剖面规划问题转化为一个凸优化问题。其次，将指令反解步骤嵌入至序列凸化算法中，通过迭代求解凸优化子问题，获得原问题的可行解。数值仿真结果表明所提方法具有较高的求解精度和确定的收敛性质，飞行器的机动能力得到充分发挥；与伪谱法的结果对比表明凸优化方法在轨迹规划问题上具有更高的求解效率。     

Aerodynamic optimization of rotor airfoil based on multi-layer hierarchical constraint method

Rotor airfoil design is investigated in this paper. There are many difficulties for this high-dimensional multi-objective problem when traditional multi-objective optimization methods are used. Therefore, a multi-layer hierarchical constraint method is proposed by coupling principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction and e-constraint method to translate the orig-inal high-dimensional problem into a bi-objective problem. This paper selects the main design objectives by conducting PCA to the preliminary solution of original problem with consideration of the priority of design objectives. According to the e-constraint method, the design model is estab-lished by treating the two top-ranking design goals as objective and others as variable constraints. A series of bi-objective Pareto curves will be obtained by changing the variable constraints, and the favorable solution can be obtained by analyzing Pareto curve spectrum. This method is applied to the rotor airfoil design and makes great improvement in aerodynamic performance. It is shown that the method is convenient and efficient, beyond which, it facilitates decision-making of the high-dimensional multi-objective engineering problem.     

Uncertainty analysis and design optimization of hybrid rocket motor powered vehicle for suborbital flight

In this paper, we propose an uncertainty analysis and design optimization method and its applications on a hybrid rocket motor(HRM) powered vehicle. The multidisciplinary design model of the rocket system is established and the design uncertainties are quantified. The sensitivity analysis of the uncertainties shows that the uncertainty generated from the error of fuel regression rate model has the most significant effect on the system performances. Then the differences between deterministic design optimization(DDO) and uncertainty-based design optimization(UDO) are discussed. Two newly formed uncertainty analysis methods, including the Kriging-based Monte Carlo simulation(KMCS) and Kriging-based Taylor series approximation(KTSA), are carried out using a global approximation Kriging modeling method. Based on the system design model and the results of design uncertainty analysis, the design optimization of an HRM powered vehicle for suborbital flight is implemented using three design optimization methods: DDO, KMCS and KTSA. The comparisons indicate that the two UDO methods can enhance the design reliability and robustness. The researches and methods proposed in this paper can provide a better way for the general design of HRM powered vehicles.In this paper,we propose an uncertainty analysis and design optimization method and its applications on a hybrid rocket motor(HRM)powered vehicle.The multidisciplinary design model of the rocket system is established and the design uncertainties are quantified.The sensitivity analysis of the uncertainties shows that the uncertainty generated from the error of fuel regression rate model has the most significant effect on the system performances.Then the differences between deterministic design optimization(DDO)and uncertainty-based design optimization(UDO)are discussed.Two newly formed uncertainty analysis methods,including the Kriging-based Monte Carlo simulation(KMCS)and Kriging-based Taylor series approximation(KTSA),are carried out using a global approximation Kriging modeling method.Based on the system design model and the results of design uncertainty analysis,the design optimization of an HRM powered vehicle for suborbital flight is implemented using three design optimization methods:DDO,KMCS and KTSA.The comparisons indicate that the two UDO methods can enhance the design reliability and robustness.The researches and methods proposed in this paper can provide a better way for the general design of HRM powered vehicles.     

基于近似技术的协同优化方法在机翼设计优化中的应用

将多学科设计协同优化方法与近似技术相结合,实现某机翼涉及结构和气动两个学科的设计优化。在对某机翼的协同优化设计中,采用基于均匀设计的二次响应面技术得到近似的协同优化模型,利用基于动态松弛近似的协同优化得到合理的结果。研究表明,将协同优化方法与近似技术相结合,能够有效地解决复杂工程的设计优化问题。